• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.440-452
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine if an 8-week therapeutic riding (TR) program was effective in improving the walking ability of students with intellectual disabilities. Thirteen students diagnosed with intellectual disabilities participated in the TR program. TR sessions were conducted twice a week (30 min per session), with a total of 16 rides taking place over an 8-week period. A gait measurement analyzer was used to measure progress based on a turn test (6-m walking and turning test), walk test (10-m walking), and timed up and go (TUG) test. Measurements were made three times: before horse-riding (P0), after 4 weeks (8 rides) of horse-riding (P1), and after 8 weeks (16 rides) of horse-riding (P2). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (ver. 22.0). Descriptive statistics were generated on the general characteristics of the subjects, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of the data. Because of the lack of normality, the data were analyzed using a nonparametric method and the significance level was set to 0.05. Measurements of the duration of the forward gait cycle (s) in the turn test and the forward gait speed (m/s) in the walk test indicated improved walking ability after the TR program (p < 0.001); the stride length (% height) also increased significantly (p < 0.05). The walk test revealed a significant effect of the program on the duration of the forward gait cycle (p < 0.05), while there were significant improvements on the left and right of the elaborated strides (p < 0.001). No significant improvement in TUG test performance was observed after the TR program. In this study, an 8-week TR program had positive results on gait. Therefore, further research is merited, where TR programs are likely to improve the walking ability of individuals with intellectual disabilities.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.250-265
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• 2016

Owing to our rapidly aging society, accessibility evaluation to enhance the ease and safety of access to indoor and outdoor environments for the elderly and disabled is increasing in importance. Accessibility must be assessed not only from the general standard aspect but also in terms of physical and cognitive friendliness for users of different ages, genders, and abilities. Meanwhile, human behavior simulation has been progressing in the areas of crowd behavior analysis and emergency evacuation planning. However, in human behavior simulation, environment models represent only "as-planned" situations. In addition, a pedestrian model cannot generate the detailed articulated movements of various people of different ages and genders in the simulation. Therefore, the final goal of this research was to develop a virtual accessibility evaluation by combining realistic human behavior simulation using a digital human model (DHM) with "as-is" environment models. To achieve this goal, we developed an algorithm for generating human-like DHM walking motions, adapting its strides, turning angles, and footprints to laser-scanned 3D as-is environments including slopes and stairs. The DHM motion was generated based only on a motion-capture (MoCap) data for flat walking. Our implementation constructed as-is 3D environment models from laser-scanned point clouds of real environments and enabled a DHM to walk autonomously in various environment models. The difference in joint angles between the DHM and MoCap data was evaluated. Demonstrations of our environment modeling and walking simulation in indoor and outdoor environments including corridors, slopes, and stairs are illustrated in this study.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hip joint mobilization (HJM) on walking ability, balance ability, and the joint range of motion in stroke patients to minimize the problems of the musculoskeletal system in patients with central nervous system diseases. All volunteers were randomly assigned to the HJM group ($n_1=14$) and the general neurodevelopment therapy (NDT) group ($n_2=16$). The HJM procedure involved applying Maitland mobilization techniques (distraction, lateral gliding, inferior gliding, and anterior gliding) by grade 3 to both hip joint. The mobilization process included mobilization and NDT for 15 min/day, 3 days a week for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were evaluated, including the hip joint passive range of motion (ROM) test and femur head anterior glide test (FHAG) using prone figure four test, dynamic and static balance abilities [timed up and go (TUG) test and center of pressure (COP) analysis], and walking ability [10-meter walking test (10MWT) and 6-min walking test (6MWT)]. Both the groups showed significant post-training differences in the hip joint ROM (FHAG and degree of hip extension) and 10MWT. The post-training improvements in the TUG test were significantly greater in patients of the HJM group than in the NDT group; however, there were no post-training improvements in COP in both groups. Patients in the HJM group showed post-training improvement in the 6MWT; however, statistically significant differences were not observed. Patients in the NDT group showed post-training improvements in the 6MWT. These results suggest that HJM improves hip joint ROM, dynamic balance ability, and walking speed in stroke patients. However, further studies are required to evaluate the long-term therapeutic efficacy of HJM in stroke patients.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.418-424
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• 2019

백팩은 한쪽 어깨에 매는 가방에 비해 척추에 대칭적으로 무게분산이 가능하지만, 무게중심이 뒤쪽으로 이동하게 하여, 체간이 전방굴곡되는 자세 변형을 야기한다. 본 연구는 모멘트팔의 길이차이에 따른 가방 착용 시 균형과 보행에 미치는 영향에 대해 확인하였다. 정형외과적 손상 및 신경학적 손상이 없는 정상 성인 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자는 1) 백팩 미 착용, 2) 일반적인 백팩, 3) 모멘트 길이를 감소시킨 백팩의 3가지 조건에서 각각 균형 및 보행을 측정하였다. 자세동요면적과 속도에서 백팩 미착용과, 일반적인 백팩, 특수 백팩의 3가지 조건에 따른 유의한 차이가 있었으나, 백팩의 모멘트팔의 길이에 따른 유의한 차이는 없었다. 양하지 지지기와 보행속도는 백팩 미착용과, 일반적인 백팩, 특수 백팩의 3가지 조건에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 양하지 지지기에서만 백팩의 모멘트팔의 길이에 따른 유의한 차이가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 백팩 착용시 모멘트팔의 길이 변화가 보행에 도움이 될 수 있었다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.543-555
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• 2021

연구목적: 본 연구는 보행교통사고 사망사고 중 많은 비중을 차지하고 있는 무단횡단 보행자의 보행특성을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 분석 방법은 영상장비를 이용하여 무단횡단 보행자의 자료를 수집한 후, 고령자와 비고령자의 무단횡단 특성에 대한 빈도분석과 통계적 검증을 수행하였다. 연구결과:고령자와 비고령자의 무단횡단 특성에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 보행속도의 경우, 유의미하지 않는 결과가 도출되었다. 그러나 고령자 중 보행이 어려운 그룹은 그렇지 않은 그룹에 비해 보행속도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 무단횡단은 연령대 및 보행능력에 의한 문제가 아닌 불법행위에 대한 인지 및 사고 위험에 대한 안전불감증이 원인 중 하나로 안전 교육과 무단횡단 다발 구간에서 운전자의 주의를 요구하는 보행자 정보 제공이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to see the effect of walking when training for chronic stroke patients, Affected side vision impairment induced gait training with rhythmic auditory stimulation in parallel. Methods: This study was the general walking training group, the training group was divided damage induced affected side view, affected side view damage induced by rhythm auditory stimulation training three groups. Intervention period was 4 weeks. 5 times per week, per 30 min entered arbitration. Affected Side vision impairment induced induction training was conducted by installing a red cones, rhythmic auditory stimulation was applied to a regular rhythm training using a smartphone application (Metronome). Paired t-test was performed to see the difference between each group and before the intervention. One-way ANOVA was used to find out the significance probability between each group. Statistical significance was set at 0.05 probability. Results: Regular walking group, rather than affected side vision guided walking group could see increases in the FGA and DGI (P<0.05). And vision impairment induced affected side view and rhythmic auditory stimulation induction training this group than in the combination group walking group obtained higher scores on the FGA, DGI score(P<0.05). Conclusion: If you want to enforce certain rhythmic auditory stimulation of the visual field and side damage induced during gait training for stroke patients will be able to expect a better effect.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2019

본 논문은 지반 조건에 따라 현재 개발 중인 팽이기초를 접목한 신발과 일반적인 신발인 워킹화의 보행시 압력분포의 비교분석에 대한 연구이다. 일반적인 신발, 현재 개발 중인 팽이기초를 접목한 신발 두 가지 카테고리의 신발이 본 연구에 사용되었으며, 실험 대상은 260mm를 착용하는 정상발의 조건에 만족하는 15명의 20대 남성을 대상으로 단단한 지반, 모래 지반에서의 실험을 실시하였다. 보행 시 압력의 측정은 Techstorm사의 무선 Insole System 을 사용하여 측정하였으며 발의 7 Zone에서 족저압을 측정하였다. 연구 결과 신발과 지반 조건에 따라 다른 최대 힘, 평균 압력, 압력 분포도를 나타냈으며, 본 연구 결과 단단한 지반 및 모래 지반에서 발 부위에 따라 족저압 분산 효과가 일반적인 신발과 현재 개발 중인 팽이기초를 접목한 신발이 서로 상이한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 보다 지속적인 연구를 통해 다양한 고무 소재를 선택하여 추가적인 실험을 통해 단단한 지반 및 모래 지반에서 모두 착용 가능한 신발의 개발에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4346-4352
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• 2014

본 연구는 편마비 환자의 트레드밀 보행 훈련 중 빠른 템포 음향을 가미했을 경우 보행속도 및 보행능력에 미치는 효과에 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 수행되었다. 22명의 만성 편마비 환자를 대상으로 빠른 템포 음향을 가미한 트레드밀보행 훈련군 11명과 일반 트레드밀보행 훈련군 11명으로 확률할당 한 후, 각각 30분씩 하루에 1회 6주간 훈련이 시행되었다. 프로그램 전후 10 m 보행검사와 20미터 걸음 수의 변화를 평가한 결과, 빠른 템포 음향을 가미한 트레드밀 보행 훈련군이 일반 트레드밀 보행 훈련군에 비해 10 m 보행검사는 28.53% point, 20미터 걸음 수는 16.93% point 더 크게 향상 되었다(p<.05). 그러나 보행 질 평가는 그 향상도가 유의하지 않았다(p>.05). 본 연구결과로 보아 빠른 템포 음향을 가미한 트레드밀 보행 훈련이 일반 트레드밀 보행 훈련보다 만성 편마비 환자의 보행 속도를 증가시켜 보행능력에 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 편마비 환자의 트레드밀 보행 훈련 시 빠른 템포 음향을 가미한 트레드밀 보행 훈련의 임상적용을 적극적으로 고려하여야 할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effects on using Virtual reality exercise program($Wii-Fit^{TM}$) for dynamic balance and walking ability in patients with stroke. Methods : The 22 subjects were randomly selected from the patients of the S hospital who met the study conditions. They were divided into a $Wii-Fit^{TM}$ balance game group of 12 patients and a conventional physical therapy group of 10 patients. The $Wii-Fit^{TM}$ balance game group received $Wii-Fit^{TM}$ balance game group general physiotherapy for 5 days a weeks, 30 minutes a day, for a 4 weeks and the conventional physical therapy group received general physiotherapy for the same period. The subjects were measured and compared for Brunel balance assessment, functional gait assessment, 6 minute walk test, GAITRite system before and after the program. Results : The experimental group tend to improve more than control group in shifting the weight to the affected side(p=0.040) and tap test(p<0.001). The experimental group tend to improve more than control group in FGA(p=0.016). The experimental group improved significantly more than control group in 6MWT(p=0.008). The experimental group improved significantly more than control group in gait speed, cadence, stride length. Conclusions : Virtual Reality program($Wii-Fit^{TM}$) with conventional physical therapy shows the benefits on dynamic balance and gait parameters in patients with stroke.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2007

The purpose of study was to compare plantar pressure during walking wearing the curved rear balance and normal shoes. Twelve university students(height: $177.2{\pm}4.6cm$, weight: $68.4{\pm}5.8kg$, age: $26.2{\pm}1.6yrs.$) who have no known musculoskeletal disorders were recruited as the subjects. Plantar foot pressures were evaluated using the Tekscan's pressure measurement systems while subjects walked upright position wearing the curved rear balance and normal shoes in random order at a speed of 1.3 m/s. The contacting dimension, the mean plantar pressure, and the peak plantar pressure were determined for each trial. For each dependent variable, paired t-test was performed to test if significant difference existed between shoe conditions (p<.05). As a result, the curved rear balanced shoes showed as large as 38 up to 50 % of area at the rear side of feet than the normal shoes when measuring the contact area with upright position. In the distribution of average pressure, the curved rear balanced shoes displayed fairly low pressure compared to other normal shoes in general except for one area, which is M2, and especially, the measured pressures at the both rear (M1) and middle (M5) side of feet were low and statically significant. The contact area of the curved rear balanced shoes when walking was significantly larger at the rear (M1) and fore (M6, M7) side of feet. When considering pressure distribution at walking, low pressure was detected at the rear side of feet with the curved rear balanced shoes and at the fore side of feet for other normal shoes. The results showed that the contacting dimension of the curved rear balance shoes that acts between shoes and feet was higher than the corresponding value for the normal shoes in general; therefore it would reduce the pressure to the feet by allowing the each sole of the foot on the ground evenly.