• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제52권4호
• /
• pp.248-329
• /
• 2019

Background: Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and 3 additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea. Methods: This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of 33 authors-primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, 3 rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. Results: CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers cardiovascular mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. Conclusion: Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.691-697
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 손바닥선인장열매의 기능성 식품 및 화장품 소재로서의 이용가능성을 조사하기 위해 손바닥선인장열매의 영양성분 및 항산화활성 관련 성분을 분석하였다. 손바닥 선인장열매의 일반성분은 건량 기준으로 탄수화물 66.79%, 조단백질 5.51%, 조지방 9.89% 및 조회분 9.29%이었고, 손바닥 선인장열매 100 g의 함유 열량은 378.21 kcal로 분석되었으며, 총 식이섬유소 함량은 건량 기준으로 36.54%로 나타났다. 또한, 필수아미노산과 비필수아미노산 함량은 각각 1,635.14 mg, 3,012.68 mg이었고, 무기질 중 칼륨의 함유량이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨으로 나타나 알칼리성 재료임을 알 수 있었다. 유리당 함량의 경우 sucrose가 가장 높은 함량(149.98 mg/g)을 나타내었으며, fructose(22.57 mg/g, glucose mg/g)순으로 나타났으며 maltose와 lactose는 검출되지 않았다. 손바닥선인장열매 80% 에탄올추출물의 총 페놀 함량은 2.21 ${\mu}g$/ mg, 플라보노이드 함량은 1.80 ${\mu}g$/mg으로 분석되었으며, DPPH 소거 활성을 농도별로 측정하여 비교한 결과 3.2 mg/mL 농도에서 44.57%의 활성을 보였다. 또한, 환원력의 경우에는 손바닥선인장열매 추출물이 6.25 mg/mL의 농도에서 3.18로 높은 환원력을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 손바닥선인장열매 80% 에탄올 추출물은 항산화능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 손바닥선인장열매를 식품 첨가물 또는 다른 약용으로의 활용가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제42권3호
• /
• pp.266-276
• /
• 1998

담즙산 분비 저하 및 콜레스테롤의 과도한 분비는 담석 형성의 주된 원인으로 담즙내의 담즙산과 콜레스테롤 및 그 전구 물질인 스테롤의 상대적인 농도는 담즙 성분의 이상을 알아보기 위한 중요한 지표로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 염기를 이용한 가수 분해와 pH 14와 1에서 두 번의 액체-액체 추출을 거친 후, $MSTFA/NH_4I$ 혼합액으로 유도체화 시키는 전처리 방법과 GC/MS를 이용한 새로운 분석 방법을 설정, 담즙산과 스테롤 그리고 콜레스테롤의 동시 분석을 시도하였다. 그 결고 회수율은 73.56-96.95% 이었고 within-a-day 및 day-to-day 분석의 RSD 값은 각각 1.72-13.79%, 0.68-14.10% 이었으며, 이 방법을 간내 담석증 환자에 적용하여 담즙과 담석내에 존재하는 7종의 스테롤과 5종의 담즙산, 그리고 콜레스테롤의 농도 및 그들간의 상대적인 농도 분포를 측정한 결과 담즙고 담석에서 현저히 다른 차이를 보였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.209-228
• /
• 1997

In ordo to investigate the professional job perception and job satisfaction of interns and residents and its related factors, the author conducted survey using self administered questionnaire for 2 months(August and September, 1996). The study subjects were 562 interns and residents who worked at one university hospital(tertiary hospital) and two general hospitals(secondary hospital) in Taegu, Korea. Among them, 297 (52.8%) responded completely. The results were as follows ; Respondents thought that people component was most important, science and status components were next among professional value scales which meant the desirable attitudes required to conduct professional works. But, the score of professional value scales was generally high and not affected by other variables in multiple linear regression analysis. They seemed to have very normative and ideal perceptions about professional values. The score of professionalism scales, which were attitudinal and behavioral traits about professional job, of high grade residents was significantly higher than that of interns and lower grade residents. The score of reference to professional organization and autonomy factor were increasing significantly as the grade increased. Working conditions and perception for socioeconomic status of doctors influenced the score of professionalism scale significantly. It seemed that professional socialization was made during the training periods of interns and residents. Most of respondents answered that current socioeconomic status of doctors were middle and high strata but they responded that the socioeconomic status of doctors would fall in the future. They seemed to have a pessimistic thought about doctor's status. Generally the respondents thought that they were satisfied with doctor job and fit to the job, but 51.9% answered that if possible they would get other jobs. It seemed to reflect their critical thinking on doctors' status. Perceptions about socioeconomic status of doctors, professional value and professionalism influenced job satisfaction significantly. The interns and residents had high sense of calling to doctors and thought that doctors were socially important job. Generally they were satisfied with their job. Interns and residents had normative thoughts about the trait which compentent doctors must have. During the training period, they seemed to have attitude and perception as a professional and to make professional socializations.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.90-101
• /
• 2018

Strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa) is a globally-cultivated and popular fruit crop, prized for its flavor and nutritional value. Sweetness, a key determinant of fruit quality, depends on the sugar composition and concentration. We selected eight strawberry cultivars based on the fruit soluble solids content to represent high and low sugar content groups. The average soluble solid content was $13.6^{\circ}Brix$ (Okmae, Geumsil, Aram, and Maehyang) and $2.9^{\circ}Brix$ (Missionary, Camino Real, Portola, and Gilgyung53), for the high and low sugar content groups, respectively. Sucrose was the main sugar in the cultivars with high sugar content, whereas fructose was the main component in the low sugar content cultivars. Fruit starch concentration ranged from $3.247{\pm}0.056$ to $3.850{\pm}0.055g/100g$, with a 12% higher concentration in the high sugar content cultivars. Additionally, we identified 41 sugar metabolism-related genes in Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa and analyzed the relationship between their transcripts and the sugar accumulation in fruit. FaGPT1, FaTMT1, FaHXK1, FaPHS1, FaINVA-3, and FacxINV2-1 were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars, while FapGlcT, FaTMT2-1, FaPHS2-1, FaSUSY1-1, and FaSUSY1-2 were highly expressed in the low sugar content cultivars. In general, a greater number of genes encoding sugar transporters or involved in sugar synthesis were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars. Contrarily, genes involved in sugar degradation were preferentially transcribed in the low sugar content cultivars. Although gene expression was not perfectly proportional to sugar content or concentration, our analysis of the genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in strawberries provides a framework for further studies and for the subsequent engineering of sugar metabolism to enhance fruit quality.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.212-218
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 질경이의 기능성식품 및 화장품 소재로서의 이용가능성을 조사하기 위해 질경이의 영양성분 분석을 통한 식품영양학적 접근, 생리활성 기능을 기대할 수 있는 관련 물질 함량의 분석하였다. 식품영양학적 접근에서의 질경이의 일반성분은 건량기준으로 탄수화물 63.71%, 조단백질 18.75%, 조지방 1.67% 및 조회분 6.48%이었고, 질경이 100 g의 함유 열량은 466.71 Kcal로 분석되었으며, 총 식이섬유소 함량은 건량기준으로 22.68%로 나타났다. 또한, 필수아미노산과 비필수아미노산 함량은 각각 4.815.22 mg, 6.591.04 mg이었고, 무기질 중 캄륨의 함유량이 가장 높았고 그 다음이 칼슘, 마그네슘, 인으로 나타나 알칼리성 재료임을 알 수 있었으며, 지방산 함량의 경우 불포화지방산의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 질경이의 총 페놀 함량은 $79.65{\mu}g/g$, 플라보노이드 함량은 $4.43{\mu}g/g$으로 분석되었으며, DPPH 소거 활성을 농도별로 측정하여 비교한 결과 $500{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 70.30%로 높은 활성을 보였다. 또한, 환원력의 경우에는 질경이 추출물이 25 mg/mL 농도에서 3.5로 높은 환원력을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 질경이 물추출물은 항산화능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 질경이를 식품 내 첨가물로서, 혹은 다른 약용으로의 활용 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.698-713
• /
• 1999

Adherence of Candida albicans(C. albicans) to the surface of a denture is believed to be an initial and essential step in the formation of denture-induced stematitis. Previous studies have provided enormous infomation on the relationship between composition of palatine gland/parotid saliva and upper denture stomatitis. Relatively little information is available on the correlation between lower denture stomatitis and sublingual-submandibular ( SLSM ) saliva. The plaque samples were collected from the two sites($100mm^2$) on the inner surface of lower partial denture corresponding to the stematitis and healthy region of the lower partial dentures of 12 denture stomatitis patients and 6 nor-mal persons who wore lower partial dentures. The samples were plated to isolate C. albicans on a selective Saboraud's dextrose agar plate and the isolates were identified by germ tube test and gram staining. The subjects were divided into group I (stomatitis with C. albican), group II (lesion without C. albicans), group III (no lesion but C. albicans), and group IV (normal and healthy denture wearer). Individual SLSM saliva($20{\mu}g$ of protein) was analyzed by SDS-PAGE (SDS -poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis) with Coomassie brilliant blue and PAS(Periodic Acid Schinff) stain-ing. The salivary proteins separated in the polyacryamide gels were subjected to immunoblot anaysis using anti-lactoferrin, anti-sIgA, and anti-secretory component of sIgA. In this study using custom made acrylic denture resin beads(5mm in diameter) coated with stimulated individual SLSM saliva, the binding ability of individual C. albicans strains to the beads was observed. Levels of C, albicans adhered to the acrylic resin beads were determined by measuring the optical density of the bound C. albicans to the beads at 580nm. The results showed that a higher number of C. albicans was observed in the lesion site than healthy site. The saliva of group I contained more high molecular weight glycoprotein(mucin, MGI) as compared to group II, III and IV. And lactoferrin and sIgA affected to the binding ability of C. albicans to acylic resin beads. Binding ability of individual C. albicans to the acrylic resin coated with respective individual saliva was found to be greater in group I than the other 3 groups. And when bound cells of C. albicans isolated from individual subject #2 to the saliva coated beads were used binding ability of subject #2 saliva coated beads was founed to be greater than the other sutjects. These results suggested that denture induced stomatitis is related to individual patient's salivary protein composition, especially MG-1. Future studies will be directed toward saliva exam-ination of patients who have general disease and analysis of pellicles formed on prosthesis with respect to oral disease.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제38권9호
• /
• pp.1139-1144
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 갈화를 대상으로 약이성 음식으로의 활용을 위한 가능성을 타진하고자 계획 수행되었다. 따라서 갈화의 영양성분 분석을 통한 식품영양학적 접근, 생리활성 기능을 기대할 수 있는 관련 물질 함량의 분석하였다. 식품영양학적 접근에서의 갈화의 일반성분은 건량기준으로 당질 69.2%, 조단백질 19.9%, 조지방 2.2% 및 조회분 8.9%이었고 갈화 100 g의 함유 열량은 340.4 kcal로 분석되었으며, 총 식이섬유소 함량은 건량기준으로 총 당질 중 85.1%이었고 수용성 및 불용성 식이섬유소 함량은 각각 12.0%, 46.7%로 나타났다. 또한, 총 18종의 아미노산으로 구성되었으며 필수아미노산과 비필수아미노산 함량은 각각 5.0 g, 6.7 g이었고, 무기질 중 칼슘의 함유량이 가장 높았고 그 다음이 칼륨, 마그네슘, 인 순으로 나타나 알칼리성 재료임을 알 수 있었으며, 지방산 함량의 경우 총 포화지방산 25.37%, 단일불포화지방산 33.61% 및 다가불포화지방산 35.68%로 구성되어 있어 다른 식물류에 비해 불포화지방산의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 갈화 70% 에탄올, 헥산, 클로로포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올과 물 추출물에서 DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 항산화 효과 결과는 $RC_{50}$값이 217.3, 134.5, 116.7, 109.9, 129.8, 473.5 ${\mu}g$으로 나타나, 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 가장 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.598-603
• /
• 2018

As basic research for optimal barley cultivars selection and technical development for quality maintenance, a total of 21 commercial malt products (for making 'Sikhye', a traditional Korean sweet drink) were collected from the Korean market. And then we analyzed the component of the barley malt products as well as conducted comparative analysis on enzyme activity and quality characteristics of the commercial barley malt products. Of the 21 barley malt products, 12 were made from 100 % barley. The result of analyzing general components of barley malts turned out different level of components; moisture 4.91~11.99%, lipid 1.71~2.48%, protein 7.80~11.97%, carbohydrate 73.64~82.24%, total starch 5.50~8.22%, reducing sugar 3.64~14.44%. As a result of measuring enzyme activity of barley malts, there was a wide range of activity difference by the product; diastatic power $36.80{\sim}94.30^{\circ}$, ${\alpha}$-amylase activity 18.17~186.50 unit/g, ${\beta}$-amylase activity 6.53~25.05 unit/g. The results of this study would be used as basic data for optimal cultivars selection to produce barley malts and technical development for quality maintenance.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.157-168
• /
• 2002

Magsat 인공위성의 자력계로부터 관측된 동아시아 (동경90도-50도, 남위10도-북위50도) 암권의 자기이상을 추출하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 ring current correction, ionospheric correction, pass-by-pass correlation등을 실시하였고, 위성트랙 잡음을 효율적으로 제거하기 위한 spectral reconstruction을 실시하였다. 최종적으로 추출된 자기이상의 신뢰도를 검증하기 위해 항공자기이상과 대비하였고, 이를 위해 항공자기이상에 low-pass필터를 적용하여 인공위성 고도에서 관측 불가능한 고주파성분을 제거하였다. 결과적으로 위성자기이상과 항공자기이상은 0.243의 비교적 낮은 상관관계를 보이나 연구지역내 많은 부분에서 양(+)의 상관관계를 갖고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 일반적으로 낮은 상관계수는 각 주파수별 성분의 양과 음의 장관계수가 혼합되어 나타나며, 따라서 본 연구와 같은 포텐셜상의 경우에는 이상체의 심도 및 누중 때문에 양과 음의 상관관계를 갖는 이상체를 분류하는 것이 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 인공위성 자력계 관측값으로부터 연구지역 암권의 자기이상을 성공적으로 추출하였으며 항공자기이상과도 양호한 상관관계를 갖고 있음이 밝혀졌다.