• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

To assess the risk of genetically modified (GM) rice on the agricultural ecosystem, agronomic characteristics, pollen longevity and outcrossing rate between GM (Iksan 483 and Milyang 204) and non-GM (their wild types and female parents) varieties were investigated using the bar gene as a tracer marker in paddy field. The agronomic characteristics of two GM rice were similar to their female-parents (non-GM rice) except heading date and 1,000 grain weight of Iksan 483, and they did not show a difference by the introgression of the bar gene as the genetic traits of rice varieties. Pollen viability was more than 90% just after shedding, and it was rapidly decreased below 50% at 5 minutes after shedding both GM and non-GM varieties. The Pollen longevity was lost after 30 minutes of anthesis. When the distance of gene flow from GM to non-GM rice detected to 6 m from the edge of GM rice plant, the maximum distance of pollen dispersal was 4.5m and 3.9m in Iksan 483 and Milyang 204, respectively, and that was increased in order of west, south, east, and north to the dominant wind direction, west-south. Mean outcrossing rate was very low as 0.003 and 0.001% within 1.5 m from the edge of Iksan 483 and Milyang 204, and the GM hybrids by the pollen dispersal did not detected over 4.5 m from the edge of GM rice plant. The results may help to establish the strategy which reduce the risk of pollen-mediated gene flow between GM and non-GM rice.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

Quantum Dot (QD) nanoparticles are used in various industrial applications, such as diagnostic, drug delivery, and imaging agents of biomedicine. Although QDs are extensively used in many medical science, several studies have been demonstrated the potential toxicity of nanoparticles. The first objective of this study was to investigate the nanotoxicity of QDs in the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line by focusing on gene expression pattern. In order to evaluate the effect of QDs on gene expression profile in HaCaT cells, we analyzed the differential genes which related to oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms by using human cDNA microarray and PCR array. A human cDNA microarray was clone set, which was sorted for a list of genes correlated with cell mechanisms. We tried to confirm results of cDNA microarray by using PCR array, which is pathway-focused gene expression profiling technology using Real-Time PCR. Although we could not find the exactly same genes in both methods, we have screened the effects of QDs on global gene expression profiles in human skin cells. In addition, our results show that QD treatment somehow regulates cellular pathways of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Therefore, we suggest that this study can enlarge our knowledge of the transcriptional profile and identify new candidate biomarker genes to evaluate the toxicity of nanotoxicology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.932-937
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• 2002

A partial genome scan using porcine microsatellites was carried out to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for backfat thickness (BFT) in a pig reference population. This population carried QTL on chromosomes 1, 13 and 18. The QTL on chromosome 1 was located between marker loci S0113 and SW1301. The QTL corresponded to very low density lipoprotein receptor gene (VLDLR) in location and in biological effects, suggesting that VLDLR might be a candidate gene. The QTL found on chromosome 13 was found between marker loci SWR1941 and SW864, but significance for the marker-trait association was inconsistent by using data with different generations. The QTL on chromosome 18 was discovered between markers S0062 and S0117, and it was in proximity of the regions where IGFBP3 and GHRHR were located. The porcine obese gene might be also a candidate gene for the QTL on chromosome 18. In order to understand genetic architecture of BFT better, fine mapping and positional comparative candidate gene analyses are necessary.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-49
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• 2008

Objectives In order to investigate the effects of Sansayukbokhap-bang (SSYBHB) on the hematological and histological changes. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed with high fat diet. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups and fed for 15weeks. Results 1. The body weight of SSYBHB intake mice was significantly lower than high fat diet group. 2. The final increase of body weight was decreased significantly. 3. The levels of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, triglyceride, Leptin were decreased significantly. 4. The levels of creatinine were decreased but did not show significance. 5. The level of HDL-cholesterol and the expression of ${\beta}$3AR mRNA gene in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes were increased significantly. 6. Adipocytes' size was decreased significantly. 7. The expression of ${\beta}$3AR mRNA gene, Leptin mRNA gene and serotinin mRNA gene in Adipocytes tissue was decreased significantly. Conclusion Based on these results, it is proved that SSYBHB is effective on the therapy of obesity by referring to obese-gene and obese inhibitory. So, it is espected that the clinical application of SSYBHB can help the treatment of obesity.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2000

The principal objective of this study was to clone transgenic embryos in order to improve the efficiency of transgenic animal production by the combination of microinjection and nuclear transplantation techniques. Mature female New Zealand White rabbits were superovulated by eCG and hCG treatments, fllowed by natural mating. Zygotes were collected from the oviducts at 18∼22 h after hCG injection by flushing with D-PBS containing 5% fetal calf serum(FCS). Two to three picoliters of green fluorescent protein(GFP) gene wa microinjected into male pronucleus. The foreign gene-injected zygotes were cultured in TCM-199 or RD medium containing 10% FCS with a monolayer of rabbit oviductal epithelial cells in a 5% CO2 incubator. The morulae expressing GFP gene were selected and their blastomeres were separated for the use of nuclear donor. Following nuclear transplantation of fluorescence-positive morula stage blastomeres, 13 (21.3%) out of 61 fused oocytes developed to blastocyst stage and all of the cloned blastocysts expressed GFP. The results indicate that the screening of transgene in rabbit embryos by GFP detection could be a promisible method for the preselection of transgenic embryos. Also the cloning of preselected transgenic embryos by nuclear transplantatin could be efficiently applied to the multiple production of transgenic animals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5173-5177
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• 2016

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), one of the most prevalent leukemia types in adults, demonstrates great heterogeneity in molecular and clinical terms. Hence, there is a necessity to the mechanisms involved in AML generation in order to determine optimal treatment. This cross sectional study aimed to assess changes in BECN1 gene expression in with blood samples from 30 AML patients, compared with samples from 15 healthy persons. RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and Real Time PCR applied to determine BECN1 gene expression. The results showed no significant differences in BECN1 gene expression between patients with AML and normal controls (P > 0.05). It appears that expression of BECN1 does not play a significant role in genesis of AML leukemia.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2016

Biological response of cells to variable conditions should affect the expression level of certain genes. Quantification of these changes in target genes needs stable internal controls. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has traditionally used reference or ‘housekeeping’ genes, that are considered to maintain equal expression in different conditions, to evaluate changes in target genes between samples and experimental conditions. Recent studies showed that some housekeeping genes may vary considerably in certain biological samples. This has not been evaluated in red algae. In order to identify the optimal internal controls for real-time PCR, we studied the expression of eleven commonly used housekeeping genes; elongation factor 1-alpha, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-actin, polyubiquitin, 30S ribosomal gene, 60S ribosomal gene, beta-tubulin, alpha-tubulin, translation initiation factor, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and isocitrate dehydrogenase in different life-history stages of Bostrychia moritziana. Our results suggest that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and 30S ribosomal gene, have the most stable gene expression levels between the different life history stages (male, female, carposporophyte, and tetrasporophyte), while the other genes are not satisfactory as internal controls. These results suggest that the combinations of GAPDH and 30S would be useful as internal controls to assess expression level changes in genes that may control different physiological processes in this organism or that may change in different life history stages. These results may also be useful in other red algal systems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.316-323
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• 2014

We previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body weight and average daily gain in a common region between ADL0198 (chr 1: 171.7 Mb) and ABR0287 (chr 1: 173.4 Mb) on chicken chromosome 1 in an $F_2$ resource population produced by crossing low- and high-growth lines of the Hinai-dori breed. Motilin receptor (MLNR) is a candidate gene affecting growth traits in the region. In this study, we genotyped polymorphisms of the MLNR gene and investigated its association with growth traits in a Hinai-dori $F_2$ intercross population. All the exons of the MLNR gene in the parental population were subjected to PCR amplification, nucleotide sequenced and haplotypes identified. To distinguish resultant diplotype individuals in the $F_2$ population, a mismatch amplification mutation assay was performed. Three haplotypes (Haplotypes 1-3) were accordingly identified. Six genotypes produced by the combination of three haplotypes (Haplotype 1, 2, and 3) were examined in order to identify associations between MLNR haplotypes and growth traits. The data showed that Haplotype 1 was superior to Haplotype 2 and 3 in body weight at 10 and 14 weeks of age, average daily gain between 4 and 10 weeks, 10 and 14 weeks, and 0 and 14 weeks of age in female in $F_2$ females. It was concluded that MLNR is a useful marker of growth traits and could be used to develop strategies for improving growth traits in the Hinai-dori breed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2016

The Fas (APO-1, TNFRSF6) gene known as a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily was selected for DNA marker development in Korean cattle. It is a cell membrane protein and mediates programmed cell death (apoptosis). We discovered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within Fas gene in order to develop novel DNA markers related to economical traits at the genomic level. The sequences of whole exon and 1 kb range of both front and back of the gene were determined by direct-sequencing methods using 24 cattle. A total of 55 SNPs were discovered and we selected 31 common polymorphic sites considering their allele frequencies, haplotype-tagging status and linkage disequilibrium (LD) for genotyping in larger-scale subjects. The SNPs were confirmed genotype through the SNaPshot method (n = 274) and were examined for a possible genetic association between Fas polymorphisms and marbling score. So, the SNPs that were identified significant are g.30256G>C, g.31474C>A, g.31940A>G, and g.32982G>A. These results suggest that SNPs of Fas gene were associated with intramuscular fat content of meat quality traits in Korean cattle.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 1984

Gamadi, a native rice cultivar from Nepal in which the panicle remains enclosed within its flag leaf sheath upto maturity, was crossed with different genetic marker testers of 12 linkage groups in order to analyze its linkage relationship. The results obtained from the experiment were summarized as follows: Normal segregations of all the genetic marker genes used in this experiment viz Cl, wx and Pla of linkage group I, Pn, Rd and Pub of linkage group III, and lg, g, Ps, gh, Hla, la, nl, bl, be and gl of linkage groups II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII respectively confirmed the previous results, and also strongly indicated that the genetic constituent of the Gamadi and marker testers is same. 'Gamadiness' (the panicle enclosing character) was controlled by two complementary dominant genes with the segregation ratio of 9 Gamadi to 7 normal panicle-exserting types. These genes have been temporarily proposed as G-a and G-b for gamadiness. G-a gene was found to be linked with the neckleaf gene (nl) of linkage group Ⅸ with the crossover value of 0.3733$\pm$0.027. G-b gene appeared to be associated with the brittle culm gene (bc) of the linkage group XI with the crossover value of 0.2725$\pm$0.061.TEX>0.061.