• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.12 no.9
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to illustrate the relationship between demographic factors and perceived risk types, supposing that Korean customers tend to postpone buying or hesitate to purchase the new version of hand sets, because of an early buying risk. Research design, data, and methodology - In addition to existing perceived risk types, the authors introduced an early buying risk. In order to measure each variable, also, the study has employed a five-point Liker-scale. To increase research reliability and validity, the research adopted an exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis, and one-way ANOVA. Results - First, there were statistically significant differences between financial risk and the group. Second, there weren't any statistically significant differences between the group means among the four perceived risk types (Performance Risk, Social Risk, Psychological Risk, and Physical Risk) and 4 factors (Gender, Age, Job, and Education). Lastly, job is apparently differentiated from others (Gender, Age, and Education). Conclusions - The authors found that customers regarded an early buying risk as one of the important perceived risk types, when purchasing a hand set.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of value systems and social self-concept on the appearance management behavior and clothing benefits according to gender. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from 453 male and female college students in Jecheon and analyzed by factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Value systems and clothing benefits classified into four factors respectively. 2. There existed significant differences according to gender in value system factors, social self-concept, appearance management behaviors and clothing benefit factors. 3. There existed correlations between value system factors and social self-concept. For male students, four factors of value system were correlated with social self-concept. But only one factor(pursuit of peaceful and secure life) was correlated with social self-concept for female students. 4. In male and female students, appearance management behaviors and clothing benefits were influenced by various value system factors and social self-concept.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental information for professional sports and economy activation of cities, to explore mutual cooperative constructive relationship, and to investigate the Impact of Korean professional volleyball teams brand personality on city brand equity. Research design, data, and methodology: The study collected 500 survey responses and analyzed 478 surveys except for 22 which did not complete all items. For analyzing data, frequency, reliability, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, One-Way ANOVA, correlation, Multiple Regression were computed. Results: First, in difference in brand personality and city brand equity, due to gender, age, region of fan, significant difference were shown statistically in team image by gender, in honesty, interest and obdurability of brand personality by age, and in local community contribution, development possibility and sports facility of team image. Also, all factors show significant difference in region of fan. Second, regarding the impact of brand personality on city brand equity, honesty and capacity were shown to affect every factor of city brand equity, interest affected city image, and obdurability affected city perception. Conclusion: Professional teams need to develop win-win relationship with local community and seek to build positve image towards community fans via distinctive strategies for positioning.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.139-157
• /
• 2010

This study investigated the cognitive process of 5-year-old children, with a particular focus on gender, monthly age, and their tendencies towards hyperactivity through the performance of the Cognitive Assessment System (CAS; Das & Naglieri, 1997). The children with tendencies towards hyperactivity were identified based on Conners Teachers' Rating Scale (CTRS). The subjects were 75 five-year-old children in Seoul and surrounding metropolitan areas. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics, an independent sample t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, and by K-mean cluster analysis. Our results were as follows : (1) The CAS and CTRS' sub-factors were correlated negatively, except the positive correlation between planning factor and hyperactivity factor. (2) Girls exhibited significantly higher CAS scores in planning & sequential processing than boys. (3) The upper monthly age group (68-71 months) showed significantly higher score in terms of planning than the lower monthly age group (60-63 months). (4) The CAS scores of the children with tendencies towards hyperactivity was lower than that of normal children. (5) The CAS profile of 5-year-old children was divided into 4 groups with distinctive characteristics by means of K-mean cluster analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.4361-4369
• /
• 2014

This study examined the gender role identity within the Korean context with particular focus on how the changes within Korean society may have impacted on the gender role identities of middle-aged men. This research adapting Q methodology created a sampling distribution of P with 40 middle-aged men aged between 40-59 years old. Each of 40 Q samples were placed in a forced distribution of 9 scales. Secondary analysis of the results was then conducted by principal component factor analysis using the QUANL PC program. Middle-aged men are likely to have traditional masculinity and newly developed femininity, such as caring for others and sensitivity. This means that a consideration of these characteristics needs to understand the gender role identity of middle-aged men.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2015

Background: Suicide is one of important health problems in Korea. Previous studies showed factors associated with suicide in individual levels. However, suicide was influenced by society that individuals belong to, so it was required to analyze suicide in local levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the regional disparities of suicide mortality by gender and the association between local characteristics and suicide mortality. Methods: This study included 229 city county district administrative districts in Korea. Age- and sex-standardized suicide mortality and age-standardized suicide mortality (male/female) were used as dependent variables. City county district types, socio-demographics (number of divorces per 1,000 population, number of marriages per 1,000 population, and single households), financial variable (financial independence), welfare variable (welfare budget), and health behavior/status (perceived health status scores and EuroQol-5 dimension [EQ-5D]) were used to represent the local characteristics. We used hot-spot analysis to identify the spatial patterns of suicide mortality and negative binomial regression analysis to examine factors affecting suicide mortality. Results: There were differences in distribution of suicide mortality and hot-spot regions of suicide mortality by gender. Negative binomial regression analysis provided that city county district types (city), number of divorces per 1,000 population, financial independence, and EQ-5D had significant influences on the age- and sex-standardized suicide mortality per 100,000. Factor influencing suicide mortality was the number of divorces per 1,000 population in both male and female. Conclusion: Study results provided evidences that suicide mortality among regions was differed by gender. Health policy makers will need to consider gender and local characteristics when making policies for suicides.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.105-115
• /
• 2010

This study explores the gender differences in the relationship between social support, social networks and drinking behavior and illustrates gender differences in drinking behavior in order to provide evidence in planning a community health promotion program. Data was collected from 444 surveys (Male=190, Female=244) from a total of 1,899 adult residents in 738 households in the "Y" Apartment Complex in the Gangnam area of Seoul, Korea. Results show significantly higher rates of drinking frequency and alcohol consumption volume in males. Women with high-risk drinking behavior have fewer social relationships than women with normal drinking behavior. Within social networks, friends were significantly associated with drinking behavior and alchol abuse. Drinkers had more friends than non-drinkers in both genders. However, in association with alchol abuse, while male abusers had less friends than normal male drinkers, women abusers had more friends, indicating women who have drinking problems have a stronger social network. This pattern suggests gender differences in the association between social networks and alchol abuse. Therefore in approaching drinking issues, social support and social networks act as a key factor. For men, alcohol prevention programs should be aimed at achieving healthy drinking behavior at the aggregate level including people in his social support and social network groups. For women, the priority is alchol abuse. More attention is required in revealing the context between female social networks and alchol abuse and in developing coping strategies other than drinking.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.109-126
• /
• 2010

This study set out to investigate if work-family conflict and work-family enhancement would have mediating effects on the impact of gender role attitudes of women from double income households on their satisfaction of work and marriage. A structural modelof gender role attitudes was set as the independent variable, work-family conflict and work-family enhancement as the mediating variables, and work satisfaction and marriage satisfaction as the dependent variables. The subjects consisted of 2,713 married women from double income households and information was obtained from the first year data of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF) collected by the Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI). Using SPSS 15.0 software, descriptive statistics were gathered, and frequency and factor analyses were conducted. AMOS 7.0 software was used to analyze both the measurement model and the structural model. The results indicate that work-family conflict and work-family enhancement had partial mediating effects on the impacts of gender role attitudes on work and marriage satisfaction among women from double income households. Notably, work-family enhancement had a greater effect than work-family conflict, which suggests that the elements of work-family enhancement, which are the positive aspects of work on family and family on work, should be promoted. It is, however, also important to make efforts to resolve work-family conflict by increasing the satisfaction level of work and marriage among women from double income households.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• v.60 no.3
• /
• pp.317-330
• /
• 2022

This study examined the factors influencing the psychosocial well-being of working mothers of preschool children. It investigated the mediation effects of sociological ambivalence in the relations of psychosocial well-being with a family-supportive work environment and with the gender-role stereotype of family members. In addition, it tested the moderated mediation effects of the traditional gender-role attitudes in workplace and meta-mood. Data were obtained from 476 working mothers of preschool children. Using SPSS 25.0, Cronbach's alpha reliability was calculated, descriptive statistics were generated, and Pearson's correlation analysis performed. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were carried out using the SPSS process macro 3.5 program. The main results were as follows: first, sociological ambivalence mediated the relationship between psychosocial well-being and a family-supportive work environment. The mediating effect of sociological ambivalence was moderated by emotional attention, a sub-factor of meta-mood. Second, sociological ambivalence mediated the relationship between psychosocial well-being and the gender-role stereotype of family members. In addition, the traditional gender-role attitudes in workplace moderated the mediating effect of sociological ambivalence on the relationship between the gender-role stereotype of family members and psychosocial well-being. These results can be used to inform discussion on changing policy and education to improve the psychosocial well-being of working mothers with preschool children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.621-634
• /
• 2011

This study analyzed the influencing factors on consumer purchase deferrals for internet clothing shopping. In addition, based on consumer demographics, it compared the differences of purchase deferrals with respect to clothing items, prices, and types of shopping malls. For an empirical study, 405 questionnaires were answered by respondents in their 20s and 30s with internet clothing purchase deferral experience. Data were analyzed using: SPSS for Windows 12.0 and descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, $X^2$-test, and regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows. First, the order of items with many purchase deferrals in internet clothing shopping were casual T-shirt>casual skirts>pants, one-piece>suits>sportswear>blouse/shirts and 58.3% of purchase deferrals happened when the price was below \50,000. Second, the significant differences in products, prices, and shopping malls for purchase deferrals were identified according to consumer demographics. There were significant differences in clothing items according to gender, age, marriage, and education; however, there were significant differences only according to gender in terms of price. There were significant differences according to gender, age, marriage, education, and income in terms of the used shopping malls. Third, for the analysis of the influence of diverse factors that can affect purchase deferrals for internet clothing shopping, the more information search, purchase deferral habits, perceived risks, and deficiency in shopping mall supply conditions were when higher purchase deferrals occurred. For a strong competitive online market, this study can help internet clothing shopping mall entrepreneurs manage products and customers by analyzing the lists of purchase deferrals indicated in "cart" and by administrating the influential factors for purchase deferral.