• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.585-594
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of Greenhouse Effect as understood by middle school high school university students using a closed-form questionnaire. Based on results of the questionnaire which was administered to 619, the extent to which alternative concepts were held was quantified and compared the difference of various group based on grade level. gender, text and major. Also, subjects were divided into two groups, one is middle school students and the other is high school university students and common themes within conceptual framework of each group were identified by factor analysis. The result showed that students confused Greenhouse Effect with ozone layer depletion in stratosphere and linked familiar contamination around everyday life. acid rain. radioactive contamination, nuclear arsenal to Greenhouse Effect. These trends were more appreciable in female than male, biology major than any other major and text did not make any significant difference. In addition, the result of factor analysis showed that two groups linked familiar contamination around everyday life to Greenhouse Effect and high school university students understand the consequences of an increase in the Greenhouse Effect more systematically than middle school student, perceived the relation between the origin of an increase in the Greenhouse Effect and human activity but confused Greenhouse Effect with ozone layer depletion in stratosphere.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.91-104
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• 2017

This study analyzed the difference of selection criteria when buying socks and wearing satisfaction related to socks according to demographic characteristics and fashion interest degree for the adults in their from 20s to 40s. Factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan multiple range test were used for data analysis. The result of factor analysis for selection criteria when buying socks showed that the drawn factors were design and coordination, hygiene and wearing comfort and practicality. The difference analysis results about selection criteria when buying socks showed that design and coordination, hygiene and wearing comfort, and practicality were significantly different according to gender, age, and occupation, and that design and coordination and practicality were significantly different according to marital status. The result of difference analysis for selection criteria when buying socks according to fashion interest degree showed that design, coordination, hygiene, wearing comfort and practicality were significantly different. The result of factor analysis for wearing satisfaction of socks showed that the drawn factors were wearing comfort, hygiene, durability, and design. The difference analysis results about wearing satisfaction of socks showed that design was significantly different according to gender and marital status, wearing comfort and design significantly different according to age, wearing comfort, hygiene, and design were significantly different according to occupation. According to fashion interest degree, wearing comfort and design showed the significant difference.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.107-124
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify types in sense of gender role identity and to figure out the difference among sociocultural attitude, benefits of clothing pursuit, and appearance management behaviors by sense of gender role identity types. Questionnaires were administered to 455 people in their twenties and thirties living in Daegu and Kyoungbuk area. Data were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, credibility, $X^2$-test, ANOVA, Duncan-test, and t-test. The findings are as follows. First, Men of androgyny group showed the highest rate of 38.5% followed by undifferentiation(22.9%), masculineness(21.0%), and feminineness(17.6%). Women of undifferentiation group showed the highest rate of 33.2% followed by feminineness (25.2%), androgyny(22.0%), and masculineness(19.6%). Second, factors of sociocultural attitude were internalization and recognition. Benefits of clothing pursuit consists of the factors such as consciousness of others, personality, and vogue pursuit. Factors of appearance management behaviors were dressing, skin management, plastic surgery management, weight management, health management, and hair management. Third, the result from the difference between sociocultural attitude and benefits of clothing pursuit by sense of gender role identity types, men of androgyny and feminineness showed highest in recognition while women of androgyny showed highest in internalization and recognition. The result of the difference in benefits of clothing pursuit by sense of gender role identity shows that both men and women of androgyny group have high tendency for being conscious of others, personality pursuit, and vogue pursuit while men of undifferentiation and masculineness have low interest in dressing in relationship with others. Fourth, the examination of the difference in appearance management behavior by sense of gender role identity types found men of androgyny group managed dressing, skin, weight, health and hair most while women dress and health most. Men of undifferentiation group managed dressing and weight least, while men of masculineness health, and men of feminineness hair least.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.139-159
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the wage gap between male and female workers at social welfare institutions and to determine its factors. For this purpose, a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and regression models are applied to analyze wage survey data. The results are as follows. Firstly, the gender wage gap of social workers is a bit smaller, compared to the average of wage earners. Secondly, about two-thirds of wage gap is due to differences in productivity(endowment) factors; the other part is due to discrimination. Thirdly, the most important cause of gender wage gap is career disruptions of female workers largely due to marriage and birth. Fourthly, other causes of gender wage gap include differences in education, in job grade, in employment status, and in the characteristics of institutions. Finally, among the discriminating factors worsening gender wage gap, a key factor is a gender discrimination in the compensation for age.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2008

Plasma fibrinogen is risk factor of vascular disease including stroke, ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Many studies have confirmed that high plasma fibrinogen levels are related with age, obesity, cholesterol, alcohol consumption, and genotype. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of fibrinogen genotype and other characteristics on the plasma fibrinogen levels in the elderly Koreans. For this study the blood samples were collected from 178 healthy elderly Koreans (102 males and 76 females, $55{\sim}80$ year olds). The blood samples were analyzed by smoking status, cholesterol levels, genotype, age, exercise, drinking, and gender. The plasma fibrinogen was assayed by clotting method, cholesterol being assayed by cholesterol oxidase method. The $\beta$-fibrinogen genotype was detected by PCR of relevant region and digestion with Alu I. The alleres with the restriction site and the non cleavable alleres were designated $A_1$ and $A_2$. In conclusion, genotype $A_1A_2$ and exercise are increased and associated with plasma fibrinogen levels. But, there were no significant differences by smoking, gender, age, drinking and cholesterol.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.379-391
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of uniform's color and motif on nurse's impression formation. The experimental design was 5×3×2(uniform color×motif ×perceiver's gender) factorial design with a between-subjects design. The experimental materials developed for the study were a set of stimuli and a response scale. The subjects were 738 undergraduate students of Daejon and Chungnam province. The SPSS package was used for data analysis which includes factor analysis, two-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and Cronbach's α to measure the reliability. Results were as follows; The image or the stimulus was consisted of the 4 different dimensions(evaluation, sociability, ability, potency). All the independent variables showed some significant impression effects on selected dimensions. The motif and perceiver's gender also showed significant main effects as well as some interaction effects with the color variable on some selected impression dimension and the impression effects of the three variables in relationship to perceiving nurses' images. On a conclusion, these results supported the Gestalt theory.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.73-81
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• 2016

With the increasing popularity of social network services (SNSs), there have been many attempts to analyze the users of SNSs. By doing so, the characteristics and preferences of the users can be understood, which can help companies provide personalized information and services that they need or are relevant for them. This study aimed to analyze the usage behavior of Korean Twitter users from various perspectives to deepen the understanding of it. For this research goal, an online survey was conducted for the users of Twitter and the data about their actual usage were collected using the open API of Twitter. Factor analysis of the data revealed five factors that explain about 69.3% of the usage variables. It was also investigated how the factors are related to gender, age, and brand preferences. The results showed that the usage behavior of Twitter is largely affected by age (p<0.001), and also by gender through an interaction effect (p<0.05). Also, the factors showed significant statistical correlations with the brand preferences of the users.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.47-60
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• 2007

While there is growing evidence regarding the subgroup-sensitive nature of risk factors among delinquent adolescents, researchers have paid little attention to the tracking of risks and needs by subgroups (e.g., gender, ethnicity, and the timing of onset for delinquency) among youth who are currently involved in the juvenile court system. Therefore, greater empirical attention directed toward subgroup-sensitive risk factors experienced by delinquent adolescents is thought to be both timely and necessary. A final convenience sample of 2167 court-involved adolescents in the US was used to specify subgroup-sensitive risks and needs. The results demonstrated that there were various levels of risks according to subgroups associated with gender, ethnicity, and onset for delinquency group. The findings of this study add to the extant literature on delinquency by demonstrating the importance of considering subgroups associated with gender, ethnicity, and the timing of onset for delinquency when practicing treatment or intervention programs with delinquent adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.809-818
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify importance of gender in dynamic relationship structure in fashion internet shopping mall and to provide marketers e-CRM marketing strategy. Out of 473 customers, 470 who had purchased fashion products in fashion Internet shopping mall were surveyed for this study. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, 1-test, correlation analysis, Structural Equation Model(SEM) using AMOS program. As the results, both men and women had ‘relationship maintenance intention’ in e-CRM. However, only women had ‘intention to discontinue relationship’, when shopping mall made mistakes to them. Also, in men's group, ‘service’ only had effect on ‘Trust’, while ‘service’and ‘financial benefit’ had effects on‘Trust’ in women's group. If women would be dissatisfied with a shopping mall, they have a strong intention to disconnect with it. Based on these results, it could be concluded that men have more tolerance for shopping mall's mistakes than women have. Therefore, the results of this study provide e-CRM marketing strategy for fashion internet marketers.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2003

This study investigated the relationships of care- and justice-oriented morality by gender and sex role identity among adolescents, and young and middle-aged adults. The subjects were 115 males and 125 females between 16 and 59 years of age. Instruments were the Ethic of Care Interview(ECI), the Korean Defining Issues Test(DIT), and the Korean Sex Role Inventory(KSRI). Age was found to be a significant factor in both care-and justice-oriented morality; that is, young and middle-aged adults demonstrated higher care-oriented morality than adolescents. While, adolescents and young adults demonstrated higher justice-oriented morality than middle-aged adults. Females exhibited higher levels of care- and justice-oriented morality. A significant interaction effect was found between gender and age for justice-oriented morality.