• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify types of gender role identity in female adolescents and to investigate the relationship between types of gender role identity and depression. Method: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using convenience sampling. Data were collected through self report questionnaires from 1,497 female high school students in Seoul. Data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 program. Results: The androgyny gender role identity was most common (33.9%). Of the types of gender role identity that had a significant relationship with depression. androgyny gender role identity had the lowest significant relationship to level of depression level, followed by masculinity, femininity, and undifferentiated type. Conclusion: It is necessary that nurses provide interventions to help female adolescents develop gender role identity toward androgyny.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2021

The study identifies the importance of informational and legislative support in ensuring gender equality. It determines the relevance of gender inequality, the main problem, which is confirmed by research and statistical information. The study aims to determine the methods of collecting information and legal regulation of gender issues and the possibility of solving them by public authorities. The main methods of gathering information are census surveys, questionnaires, surveys on public service websites, work with local communities, surveys in nursing homes and orphanages, special survey programs, and election polls. The paper considers the legal regulation of gender inequalities at the international, state, local and organizational levels. According to the analysis of the problem of gender inequality, it is established that the problem is practically eliminated in many developed countries, while countries with low incomes face gender inequality constantly.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2019

is based on a true story of the first transgender individual. It portrays psychological changes visually during the protagonist's confusion with self-identity based on gender. This study analyzes gender identity in contemporary fashion intensively based on gender images and costumes appearing in the film . In the society lacking a fixed gender image, this study provides a timely insight into gender identities by analyzing the fashions depicted in the movie. The movie is a true story of the first transgender person working hard to determine his or her own gender identity. As a research method, the theoretical basis of genderless approach was established via literature review. The characteristics of genderless identity were determined by dividing the movie into established and ambiguous gender periods to analyze the comprehensive changes in costumes for comparison. Einer Wagner representing male identity portrays men's fashion whereas Lily Elbe representing female identity depicts women's fashion. While the two different genders find their places in a single body, the confusion creates genderless fashion. By dividing these phases into femininity, masculinity and genderless categories, each costume was analyzed comprehensively, and the images of relatively changing fashion were studied by altering the gender identity. Four characteristics including androgyne, rebellion, pleasure and balance were derived from the gender identity based on Fashion in .

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate dual gender identity, masculine gender identity, feminine gender identity, undifferentiated gender identity with related to Sex, home environments, parental child-rearing attitude of warmth, parental child-rearing attitude of control, role division of parents and determine predictors for dual gender identity. Method : Study subjects were $6^{th}$ grade of primary students with 2,118. Data was collected from Oct to Nov 2003 by using structured questionnaire. Results : ${\cdot}$ Among the children, 345 had masculine gender identity, 529 had feminine gender identity, 526 had undifferentiated gender identity, and 718 had dual gender identity. ${\cdot}$ There were significant differences in the children's sex, mother's age, father's age, mother's educational level, father's educational level, existence of mother's job, father's job, social economic status, sex of siblings, mother's job satisfaction, family structure, family atmosphere, child-rearing attitude(warmth and control), role division of parents($p{\leq}0.001$) among 4 groups. ${\cdot}$ The significant predictors for dual gender identity were children's sex (OR = 0,196, P =0.001), father's age(OR = 31.053, p = 0.020), mother's educational level(OR = 43,980, p = 0.001), father's job(OR=27.465, p = 0.001), social economic status(OR=O.941, p=0.001), sex of siblings(OR = 0.329, p = 0.005), mother's job satisfaction(OR = 0.673, p =0.001), family structure(OR = 0.887, p = 0.001), family atmosphere(OR = 23.786, p = 0.001), parental Child-rearing attitude of warmth(OR = 8.043, p = 0.001) and child-rearing attitude of control(OR = 0.666, p = 0.005), role division of parents(OR = 3.009, p = 0.001). Conclusions : These findings suggest the necessity of broad understandings about factors which influence dual gender role, and construction of combinative model. Also they suggest parent education for establishment of children's dual gender identity.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2010

Gender equity education is ineffective in a public school system even though gender equity education is a current issue in South Korean education. One of the problems is attributed to teacher education because no better gender equity education can be accomplished without teacher preparation. Therefore, the effectiveness of teachers is a very important keyword in teacher education. This study examines learning experience, gender equity value, teacher preparation for gender equity education of pre-service teachers in Gonju, South Korea, the factors that influence teacher preparation for gender equity education, and the instruction of gender equity. A survey was delivered to pre-service teachers in 2008, and the data of 350 pre-service teachers were analyzed. MANOVA and Multiple Regressions were used for analyzing the data. The results will contribute to the development of effective teacher education for gender equity education and information on a partnership between the family and the public school system that is centered on gender equity education.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.195-211
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between leisure time and time pressure based on time availability perspective and gender perspective. For this purpose, this study examined the use of leisure time and the level of time pressure according to gender and gender role attitudes and investigated the relationship between leisure time and time pressure focusing on gender differences in the moderating effect of gender role attitudes. The sample for the study was drawn from the Time Use Survey data collected by Korean National Statistical Office in 2009. Two cases were gathered from each of the samples who are married, aged over 20, presently working and raising preschoolers, which makes 3,150 cases in the total. The major findings are as follows. First, the differences of leisure time between groups according to gender role attitude are not significant, but gender differences are significant. Men's leisure time is more than women's leisure time. Secondly, people with progressive gender role attitudes have higher time pressure than people with conservative gender role attitudes. By the gender groups, women's time pressure is higher than men's time pressure. Thirdly, men's time pressure is decreasing as leisure time increases, but effect of leisure time on women's time pressure is not significant. Women with progressive gender role attitudes have higher time pressure than women with conservative gender role attitudes. On the other hand, influence of gender role attitudes on men's time pressure is not significant. Fourthly, only male group has a significant moderating effect of gender role attitudes in the relationship between leisure time and time pressure. In other words, time pressure of men with conservative gender role attitudes is decreasing more sharply than men with progressive gender role attitudes as leisure time increases. In contrast, increased leisure time does not relieve women's time pressure even though they have conservative gender role attitudes. These results show that men's time pressure can be interpreted in the time availability perspective, while women's time pressure can be described in gender perspective.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2015

이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 학생들을 위한 양성평등교육 수업에서 영화의 효율성을 검증하는 것이다. 이 연구를 위해 천안성환초등학교 5학년 학생들에게 영화로 하는 양성평등교육 수업을 진행하였으며 처음과 마지막 수업에 같은 설문지를 갖고 학생들의 양성평등 의식변화 여부를 관찰하였다. 관찰 결과는 영화를 이용한 양성평등교육이 초등학생들에게 매우 효과적임을 타나내고 있다. 따라서 이 논문을 통해 다음의 내용들을 나누고자 한다. 첫째, 이 연구는 영화를 통한 양성평등교육의 교수법을 제시할 것이며, 둘째, 영화를 이용한 양성평등교육 수업을 실제로 초등학교에서 실행하여 학생들의 만족도를 조사하였으며, 셋째, 양성평등교육 수업의 효율성이 입증되도록 영화를 사용하는 양성평등 교육과정 교수법을 제안하고자 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.923-932
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the individual and cross influences of age, gender, and severity on recovery of patients with brain injury. Methods: For the purpose of the study, traumatic or spontaneous brain injury patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were conveniently selected. The data regarding outcomes were collected 3 months after admission. Results: Individual influences of the study variables on patients' recovery were significant, except for gender. But while the individual influence of gender on recovery was not significant, cross influence of gender and age was significant, but only for the sub-dimension of 'arousalbility and awareness'. The study results also showed that 3-way cross influence of gender, age, and severity was only significant on the sub-dimension of 'arousalbility and awareness'. Conclusion: The sub-dimension of recovery cross influenced by the demographic factors of gender and age, and severity was 'arousalbility and awareness'. This might indicate that the study variables that cross influencing recovery had more influence on consciousness compared to physical function and psycho-social adaptation.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2018

This study analyzed gender-fluid images as expressions of feminism and gender identity expressed in fashion collections. As for the research method, this study searched the fashion collections, with the theme of feminism, utilizing key words related to feminism on an online portal, and collected the photo materials of fashion collections provided by vogue.com. This study classified the photo materials of 31 fashion collections, with the theme of feminism, into femininity, masculinity, androgyny, and avant-garde, according to the fashion design elements that divide gender identity. As a result of the classification, 326 photos were collected, in which gender identity was expressed ambiguously. This study reclassified the collected photos according to their fashion items and styles. As a result of the study, it was noticed that the fashion collections with the theme of feminism expressed the messages, using lettering graphic images, and performance. In addition, they showed a form in which men's collections and women's collections were integrated according to the change of the perceptions of gender identity, of feminism, and delivered body positive expressions, respecting differences and diversity as individual subjects, by casting diverse models in terms of age, body size, race, and culture. As for the gender identity expressed in the fashion collections, the gender-fluid images were classified into empowerment images, that expresses social rights and dignity; agender images that expresses the possibility of a gender-flexible transition; rational images that expresses the rational and practical characteristics that removed the boundary of fashion; and images of pro-sexism that expresses a new gender identity.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2000

This study was conducted with three objectives. First of all we tired to find a momentum to boost the value of home economics education as a fixture of the curriculum by analyzing the relation between gender equity education and Home Economics Education. On the other hand it suggests the need of gender equity education in Home Economics Education the related measures and some applicable course of study. And For the purpose of exemplification this study was developed gender equity instruction in Home Economics Education. The results are as follows: First the recent gender equity education in our education system can be interpreted as giving equal education opportunity and equal education objective. Therefore this kind of theory results in the education of Home Economics for both the male and female students. This results can be valued as boosting the availability of Home Economics Education and providing a stepping stone for Home Economics Education Development. Second the ultimate objective of Gender Equity Education is to cultivate a person to be equipped with Gender Equity concept and to implement the concept. Therefore Home Economics Education (Ministry of Education 1995) which has the ultimate objective of improving the quality of the individual and family life can be the most important curriculum for understanding the abstract concept of Gender Equity and providing various practical contents. Third the Gender Equity Education in Home Economics can be realized through the following measures:(1) The efforts to positively restructure the education contents after analysing and evaluating the education contents in terms of the Gender Equity concept. For the purpose of exemplification, this study was developed ‘Gender Equity Instruction in Home Economics Education. (2) The development and application of an interesting course of study for both the male an female students (3) Providing the proper teachers for the male students who want to choose Home Economics.