• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-105
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in response to work-life balance(WLB) and to investigate the effect of WLB on parenting confidence and to examine the moderating role of career management in the relationship between WLB and parenting confidence. Through SPSS 18.0, the model structure was tested between WLB, parenting confidence, and career management by a t-test, regression test, and hierarchical regression test. A total of 505 cases were analyzed. The major findings were as follows: First, it was found that there was no difference in the level of WLB by gender. Second, it was found that there was a positive relationship between WLB and parenting confidence. Third, it was found that career management moderated the relationship between WLB and parenting confidence. Based on the findings, practical implications about married female workers and the importance of WLB in the organizations were discussed.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.313-326
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in gender differences of Korean students in PISA mathematics assessment and investigate possible factors influencing the decrease of gender gap in mathematics performances. According to the results of PISA mathematics assessment, Korea showed significant large gender differences in mathematics achievement in both 2000 and 2003. The gender gap in favor of boys, however, has decreased since 2006. An interesting point from these results is that Korean girls' significant improvement led to the decrease in gender difference in 2006 and 2009 assessment. Based on a review of literature on gender differences in mathematics, possible explanations for the girls' improvement in mathematics achievements are identified as follows: the Korean government policy to encourage and support girls' study in mathematics and science and supportive environments could influence positively girls' attitudes toward mathematics and their mathematics learning; the changes in the mathematics curriculum and textbooks which emphasize similar characteristics to PISA mathematics assessment could affect the girls' improvement by reducing their unfamiliarity with PISA mathematics assessment items.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.31-55
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• 2018

The economic penalty of care and gender inequality reinforce each other. Unequal distribution and treatment of care are at the basis of gender inequality. Care creates economic penalty that deepen gender inequality. Those who perform care work tend to take the position of the vulnerable in socio-economic power relations. Due to their weak position, it is difficult for them to voice out a fair treatment and reward for their work. As a result, care workers both at home and in the public sector suffering from lower economic value of care are positioned in unequal gender relations with more vulnerable socioeconomic status. The basic income system may have the potential to mitigate multifaceted gender inequalities in our society. For the introduction of basic income to help realize the real freedom for women, it is necessary to understand unique natures of care work and tackle economic penalties of care work. This paper examines the relationships between care penalties and basic income, focusing on the debate on the introduction of the basic income system. We argue that if the economic penalties caused by unique natures of care work are not eased or resolved, the introduction of the basic income may not contributes to alleviating gender inequalities.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.145-169
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• 2017

Female plays an important role in new welfare policies as emerging new social risks including care needs resulted from increasing female employment participation and changes in family structures. Whereas the effects of work and life reconciliation policies on female employment are well established, less is known for the role of production regime as an important institution on gender wage gap. This study examines the questions in what way and to what extent production regimes and work and family reconciliation policies influence gender wage gap in advanced capitalism countries using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). The coordinated market economies (CMEs), presented as higher firm-specific skills, are associated with lower income rank for female workers than male workers, hence larger degree of gender wage gap. Longer parental leave weeks and higher childcare expenditures are associated with less degree of gender wage gap. This research highlights the importance of production regimes in understanding gender wage gap and potential interaction between production regimes and work and life reconciliation policies on gender wage gap.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

COVID-19 struck labor markets around the world, exposing and exacerbating the gender inequalities within the human capital structure. The last, in its turn, jeopardizes the return of the national economies to the growth trajectory undermined by pandemic impact. The authors assume that COVID-19 disproportionately affected the employment rates of women and men, which led to increased gender inequality in the labor market, which, in turn, affected GDP growth rates in the EU. To prove this hypothesis two research questions are discovered: 1) whether there was a different correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases in the EU and indicators of the labor market for women and men; and 2) whether there was a link between the growth of gender inequality in the EU labor market and the GDP dynamics in these countries. The analysis of the correlation between the number of cases of COVID-19 and indicators of the labor market in the EU revealed faster growth of women's unemployment rates compared to men's ones as the COVID-19 incidence unfolded. Multiple linear regression and factor analysis have been used to investigate the influence of gender inequality in the labor market on GDP dynamics. Despite the methodological limitations, the proposed model is both a sound argument and an analytical basis in favor of gender-responsive economic recovery backed by the systematic and consistent gender equality policy of a government.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.352-363
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to analyze the domestic and international trends and cases of welfare programs for the social minority to provide implications for policy development. This study examined the trends of Community Care in the UK and Local Governance in Japan as overseas policy trends. In addition, along with the trend of welfare programs provided for the social minority in each region in Korea, as a domestic cases, case of Bucheon city as a case of gender policy, Daejeon city as a case of palate policy for the disabled, and Seongdong-gu, Seoul as a case of policy for children are analyzed. As implications obtained through this analysis, it was suggested that at the regional level, the demand survey appropriate to the situation of the region and the connection with the cooperative entities in various regions are important.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of differential coinsurance policy on prescription drug coverage of outpatients by types of medical institutions. Methods: In this study, we used a sample cohort database of the National Health Insurance Service and frequency analysis and marginal logistic regression model using generalized estimating equation were used for statistical analysis. Results: The summary on the major research is followed. First, about 16% of patients who used only tertiary or general hospital due to 52 ambulatory care sensitive conditions before policy implementation moved to hospitals and clinics. However, about 57% of them still use tertiary or general hospital. Second, the factors influencing the utilization of hospitals and clinics after the implementation of the policy were gender, age, and income level. As a result, the policy is effective to reduce the medical use of outpatient mental patients in tertiary or general hospital, but the effect is not significant. Conclusion: Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of the policy for establishing the health care delivery system, it is necessary to adjust the co-payment so as to feel the burden on the co-payment when the outpatient for 52 ambulatory care sensitive conditions is used at the tertiary or general hospital.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.53-79
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• 2021

The recession caused by the COVID-19 crisis has features that could disproportionately harm female employment. Risk of infection and social distancing measures may have disrupted jobs in face-to-face industries, which have traditionally hired more women than men. School closures and a consequent increase in childcare and homeschooling demands may have discouraged labor market participation by working mothers. Using the Economically Active Population Survey, I examine how female employment was affected by each factor. I find that the gender gap in the Employment to Non-participation (E to N) transition rates is twice as large as the gap in the Employment to Unemployment (E to U) transition rates. Women's overrepresentation in the face-to-face industries accounts for most of the gap in the E to U transition but only a third of the gap in the E to N transition. The rise in non-participation is especially pronounced among married women aged 39-44, the group most likely to have elementary-school-age children.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2015

Objectives: Controlling blood pressure is a key step in reducing cardiovascular mortality in older adults. Gender differences in patients' attitudes after disease diagnosis and their management of the disease have been identified. However, it is unclear whether gender differences exist in hypertension management among older adults. We hypothesized that gender differences would exist among factors associated with hypertension diagnosis and control among community-dwelling, older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 653 Koreans aged ${\geq}60years$ who participated in the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Multiple logistic regression was used to compare several variables between undiagnosed and diagnosed hypertension, and between uncontrolled and controlled hypertension. Results: Diabetes was more prevalent in men and women who had uncontrolled hypertension than those with controlled hypertension or undiagnosed hypertension. High body mass index was significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension only in men. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that in women, awareness of one's blood pressure level (odds ratio [OR], 2.86; p=0.003) and the number of blood pressure checkups over the previous year (OR, 1.06; p=0.011) might influence the likelihood of being diagnosed with hypertension. More highly educated women were more likely to have controlled hypertension than non-educated women (OR, 5.23; p=0.013). Conclusions: This study suggests that gender differences exist among factors associated with hypertension diagnosis and control in the study population of community-dwelling, older adults. Education-based health promotion strategies for hypertension control might be more effective in elderly women than in elderly men. Gender-specific approaches may be required to effectively control hypertension among older adults.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.175-196
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• 2019

Recently, domestic interest in gender equality is increasing, and it is expected that the demand for the collection of children's gender equality in the library will increase due to these social changes. In this study, the top 10 public libraries in Korea were selected from the list of collections of gender equality books and collection / loan data presented by various institutions such as public libraries and 'children's library research groups'. For this purpose, 10 libraries in Korea were selected and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively through the collection status of the gender equality collections, loan status, turnover, Bonn's use Factor, and Trueswell's 80/20 rule. Based on the results of this analysis, we would like to suggest some issues to be reflected in library development policy of the future.