• 식물병연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.233-236
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• 2019

2017년, 감귤류에 Citrus vein enation virus (CVEV)의 발생보고가 있었다. 식물방역법상 관리급 병원체인 CVEV에 대한 검역조치를 위해 감귤의 주요 재배지인 제주도를 포함한 4개도 29개 시군에서 온주밀감, 유자, 만숙성 감귤류(한라봉, 천혜향, 레드향, 황금향) 재배과원 등 203개소에서 시료를 수집하고 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 방법과 시퀀싱을 통해 진단하였다. 진단결과, 양성반응을 보인 시료를 대상으로 외피단백질 유전자 부위를 분석하기 위해 GenBank에 등록된 분리주들과의 염기서열과 아미노산 서열을 비교한 결과, 98% 이상의 매우 높은 상동성을 확인하였다. 전체 시료에 대하여 RT-PCR 진단 결과, 136개 과원(67%)에서 CVEV가 검출되었으며, 유자 과원의 85.4%, 온주밀감 과원의 77.8%가 CVEV에 감염된 것으로 파악됐다. 또한, 감귤의 주요 재배지인 제주도에서 90.6%의 과원이 CVEV에 감염된 것으로 확인하였다. 기주별·지역별 발생실태 조사를 토대로 국내 감귤류에 CVEV가 만연되어 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 바탕으로, CVEV의 발생실태 조사와 검역병원체 여부를 검토하여 2018년 5월 CVEV를 비검역 병원체로 변경하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2008

Trichophyton erinacei is a dermatophyte pathogen that infects both humans and hedgehogs. A two-month old female four-toed hedgehog presented to the Chonbuk Animal Medical Center with pruritus, excoriation and crust on her face for ten days. The owner of the hedgehog also exhibited the clinical signs of scaly erythema with fine vesicles on her neck. A presumptive diagnosis of dermatophytosis was made based on the results of an acetate tape preparation in which hyphae and chains of arthroconidia were observed. The crusts from the lesions were then cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar for identification. After 10 days of incubation, downy colored colonies that had a central umbo with a white granular surface and a yellow pigment ring in the reverse were observed. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of numerous teardrop shaped microconidia singly attached to the sides of the hyphae. In addition, 2-6 roomed macroconidia that were somewhat irregular in shape and size were present, and abundant intermediate sized spores were observed between the micro and macro conidia. To confirm that the culture was T. erinacei, the internal transcribed spacer region of the 5.8S phase of the ribosomal RNA gene (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA) was amplified by PCR and then sequenced. A 679-base pair fragment of DNA was then compared with sequences in GenBank and found to be 99% homologous with sequences of T. erinacei (Z97997 and Z97996. The clinical signs were resolved after four weeks of treatment with oral and topical ketoconazole and chlorhexidine. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first case of T. erinacei isolated from a four-toed hedgehog in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2006

Ferritin is a major eukaryotic protein and in humans is the protein of iron storage. A partial gene fragment of ferritin (255 bp) taken from the total RNA of Periserrula leucophryna, was amplified by RT-PCR using oligonucleotide primers designed from the conserved metal binding domain of eukaryotic ferritin and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Using the $^{32}P-labeled$ partial ferritin cDNA fragment, 28 different clones were obtained by the screening of the P. leucophryna cDNA library prepared in the Uni-ZAP XR vector, sequenced and characterized. The longest clone was named the PLF (Periserrula leucophryna ferritin) gene and the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of this novel gene were deposited in the GenBank databases with accession numbers DQ207752 and ABA55730, respectively. The entire cDNA of PLF clone was 1109 bp (CDS: 129-653), including a coding nucleotide sequence of 525 bp, a 5' -untranslated region of 128 bp, and a 3'-noncoding region of 456 bp. The 5'-UTR contains a putative iron responsive element (IRE) sequence. Ferritin has an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 174 amino acids including a hydrophobic signal peptide of 17 amino acids. The predicted molecular weights of the immature and mature ferritin were calculated to be 20.3 kDa and 18.2 kDa, respectively. The region encoding the mature ferritin was subcloned into the pT7-7 expression vector after PCR amplification using the designed primers and included the initiation and termination codons; the recombinant clones were expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) or E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysE. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis showed that a ferritin of approximately 18 kDa (mature form) was produced and that by iron staining in native PAGE, it is likely that the recombinant ferritin is correctly folded and assembled into a homopolymer composed of a single subunit.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2004

국내에 유통 중인 약용버섯의 분류체계 확립과 차가버섯 근연속간의 유연관계를 밝히기 위해 이들 버섯의 ITS 부위 염기서열을 비교 분석하였다. 조사결과, 약용버섯으로 주로 시판되고 있는 국내유통균주는 총 6개의 속(Phellinus, Inonotus, Sparassis, Fomes, Ganoderma, Hericium)으로 나누어짐을 알 수 있었고 그 중에서 기존에 잘 알려진 상황버섯(Phellinus linteus)과 최근 들어 수입양이 급증하고 있는 차가버섯이 대부분을 차지하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다 일명 차가버섯(Inonotus obliquus)으로 유통 중인 15개 제품 중 중국에서 수입되어진 한 균주(59번)가 P. pini로 확인되었으며 일본에서 수입되어진 균주(51, 52번)가 P. baumii와 P. linteus와 유사종 혹은 동일종으로 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1405-1411
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• 2010

Calpastatin (CAST), an endogenous inhibitor of the calpains, plays an important role in post-mortem tenderization of meat. The objectives of this study were to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine CAST gene and association with carcass and meat quality traits. A total of 212 cattle from commercial herds were tested in this study including 2 pure introduced breeds, 4 cross populations, and 3 pure Chinese native breeds. Five SNPs were identified at position 2959 (A/G), 2870 (G/A), 3088 (C/T), 3029 (G/A) and 2857 (C/T) in the CAST gene (GenBank Accession No. AF159246). Allele frequencies of SNP2959 and SNP2870 were 0.701 (A) and 0.462 (A), respectively. A general linear model was used to evaluate the associations between the two markers and 7 traits. The results showed that both SNP2959 and SNP2870 were significantly (p<0.01) associated with the Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), while they had no significant association with the other 6 traits in the whole population. However, in Chinese native pure breeds, only SNP2870 had significant association with WBSF (p<0.05). The simultaneous analysis of two-marker genotype effects indicated animals containing the A/G haplotype (A for SNP2959 and G for SNP2870) tended to have lower shear force than those containing the G/A haplotype, and, especially, animals homozygous for the A/G haplotype had approximately 2 kg lower shear force than those homozygous for the G/A haplotype (p<0.01). These results suggested that both markers may be effective for the marker-assisted selection of meat quality traits in Chinese commercial herds, especially SNP2870 which can be used for Chinese native cattle.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 1999

This study was designed to examine the specificities of the designed primers for F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum and to compare the PCR results using clinical samples with those of the anaerobic culture method. F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum spp. are frequently isolated in infected root canals, and they are related to periapical diseases. F. nucleatum(VPI 10197) and F. necrophorum(ATCC 25286) were used as references for PCR reaction, and thirty five teeth with one canal and periapical lesion were used. The samples were cultured anaerobically and identified using Rapid ID 32A(BioMerieux Vitek, Inc., France) as biochemical battery. In the GenBank database, species-specific PCR primers(nuc1/nuc2 primers for F. nucleatum and nec1/nec2 primers for F. necrophorum) were designed from the 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA) sequences of F. nucleatum(accession number M58683) and F. necrophorum(accession number AF044948). PCR procedures of F. nucleatum(VPI 10197) and F. necrophorum (ATCC 25286) were simulated on a computer software. Amplify(v.1.2${\beta}$ for Macintosh). 820 bps and 817 bps of nucleotides were expected, respectively. Using extracted DNAs with QiaAmp tissue kit(Qiagen co., Germany), PCR was done. The results were as follows : 1. The nuc1/nuc2 primers produced an amplicon of 820 bps and the nec1/nec2 primers produced an amplicon of 817 bps. 2. The nuc1/nuc2 primers and the nec1/nec2 primers were specific and did not react with species other than the designated ones(i.e. nuc1/nuc2 primers did not produce amplicons for F. necrophorum, and vice versa.). And the PCR products of Porphyromonas endodontalis(ATCC 35406), Porphyromonas gingivalis(ATCC 33277), Prevotella intermedia(ATCC 25611), and Prevotella nigrescens(ATCC 33563), frequently isolated in infected root canals and periapical lesions, were not amplified by the primers specific for Fusobacterium nucleatum and Fusobacterium necrophorum. 3. This method utilizing PCR could detect F. nucleatum and F. necrophorum in clinical samples, while anaerobic culture method could detect neither.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.346-354
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• 2006

The full-length cDNA of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was obtained from liver. The grass carp UCP2 cDNA was determined to be 1152 bp in length with an open reading frame that encodes 310 amino acids. Five introns (Intron 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) in the translated region, and partial sequence of Intron 2 in the untranslated region of grass carp UCP2 gene were also obtained. Gene structure comparison between grass carp and mammalian (human and mouse) UCP2 gene shows that, the UCP2 gene structure of grass carp is much similar to that of human and mouse. Partial UCP2 cDNA sequences of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and mud carp (Cirrhinus molitorella), were further determined. Together with the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) UCP2 sequence from GenBank (AJ243486), multiple alignment result shows that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the UCP2 gene, were highly conserved among the five major Chinese carps that belong to four subfamilies. Using beta-actin as control, the ratio UCP2/beta-actin mRNA (%) was determined to be $149.4{\pm}15.6$ (common carp), $127.4{\pm}22.1$ (mud carp), $96.7{\pm}12.7$ (silver carp), $94.1{\pm}26.8$ (bighead carp) and $63.7{\pm}16.2$ (grass carp). The relative liver UCP2 expression of the five major Chinese carps, shows a close relationship with their food habit: benthos and detrituseating fish (common carp and mud carp) > planktivorious fish (silver carp and bighead carp) > herbivorious fish (grass carp). We suggest that liver UCP2 might be important for Chinese carps to detoxify cyanotoxins and bacteria in debris and plankton food.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2006

In many organisms, trehalose acts as protective metabolite against harsh environmental stresses, such as freezing, drought, nutrient starvation, heat and salt. Herein a cDNA (designated as GbTPS, GenBank Accession Number AY884150) encoding a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase homologue was isolated and characterized from the living fossil plant, Ginkgo biloba, which is highly tolerant to drought and cold. GbTPS encoded an 868-amino-acid polypeptide with a predicted isoelectric point of 5.83 and molecular mass of 97.9 kD. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that GbTPS shared high identity with class II trehalose-6-phosphate synthase homologues (67% identical to AtTPS7), but had only 17% and 23% of identity with OstA from Escherichia coli and ScTPS1 from S. cerevisiae, respectively. DNA gel blot analysis indicated that GbTPS belonged to a small multi-gene family. The expression analysis by RT-PCR showed that GbTPS expressed in a tissue-specific manner in G biloba and might involve in leaf development. GbTPS was also found to be induced by a variety of stresses including cold, salt, drought and mannitol.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to determine the degree of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) divergence between two subspecies of $Mustela$ $sibirica$ from Korea ($M.$ $s.$ $coreanus$ on the Korean Peninsula and ($M.$ $s.$ $quelpartis$ on Jeju Island) and to examine the taxonomic status of ($M.$ $s.$ $quelpartis$. Thus, we obtained complete sequences of mtDNA cytochrome $b$ gene (1,140 bp) from the two subspecies, and these sequences were compared to a corresponding haplotype of ($M.$ $s.$ $coreanus$, downloaded from GenBank. From this analysis, it was observed that the sequences from monogenic ($M.$ $s.$ $quelpartis$ on Jeju Island were identical to the sequences of four ($M.$ $s.$ $coreanus$from four locations across the Korean Peninsula, and that the two subspecies formed a single clade; the average nucleotide distance between the two subspecies was 0.26% (range, 0.00 to 0.53%). We found that the subspecies $quelpartis$ is not genetically distinct from the subspecies $coreanus$, and that this cytochrome $b$ sequencing result does not support the current classification, distinguishing these two subspecies by pelage color. Further systematic analyses using morphometric characters and other DNA markers are necessary to confirm the taxonomic status of ($M.$ $s.$ $quelpartis$.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.36-39
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• 2015

2012년과 2013년 6월 하순 강원도 횡성과 평창의 곰취(Ligularia fischeri) 재배포장에서 포기가 서서히 시들어 말라 죽는 이상 증상이 발생하였다. 발병정도는 30-80%로 병든 식물체를 조사한 결과, 줄기가 수침상으로 물러지고 썩으면서 흰색의 곰팡이와 갈색의 작고 둥근 균핵이 관찰되었다. 병원균을 순수 분리하여 병원균의 균학적 특징을 조사한 결과, 감자한천배지에서 균총은 흰색으로 잘 자라며 갈색의 작고 둥근 균핵을 많이 형성하였다. 균핵의 크기는 1-3 mm이며, 균사의 폭은 $4-10{\mu}m$였다. 균사생육과 균핵 형성 적온은 $25-30^{\circ}C$이었으며, 균사특유의 clamp connection이 관찰되었다. 또한, 병원균의 염기서열 분석결과 695 bp로 Sclerotium rolfsii와 같은 계통군으로 확인되었으며, 99% 이상의 상동성을 보였다. 이와 같이 곰취에 발생한 병징, 병원균의 균학적 특징 및 염기서열 분석 등을 종합한 결과 S. rolfsii Saccardo로 동정되어 곰취 흰비단병으로 명명하고자 한다.