• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.103-118
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• 2018

Ecosystems in subalpine regions are recognized as areas vulnerable to climatic changes because rainfall and the possibility of flora migration are very low due to the characteristics of topography in the regions. In this context, habitat niche was formulated for representative species of arbors in subalpine regions in order to understand the effects of climatic changes on alpine arbor ecosystems. The current potential habitats were modeled as future change areas according to the climatic change scenarios. Based on the growth conditions and environmental characteristics of the habitats, the study was conducted to identify direct and indirect causes affecting the habitat reduction of Abies nephrolepis. Diverse model algorithms for explanation of the relationship between the emergence of biological species and habitat environments were reviewed to construct the environmental data suitable for the six models(GLM, GAM, RF, MaxEnt, ANN, and SVM). Weights determined through TSS were applied to the six models for ensemble in an attempt to minimize the uncertainty of the models. Based on the current climate determined by averaging the climates over the past 30years(1981~2010) and the HadGEM-RA model was applied to fabricate bioclimatic variables for scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5 on the near and far future. The results of models of the alpine region tree species studied were put together and evaluated and the results indicated that a total of eight national parks such as Mt. Seorak, Odaesan, and Hallasan would be mainly affected by climatic changes. Changes in the Baekdudaegan reserves were analyzed and in the results, A. nephrolepis was predicted to be affected the most in the RCP8.5. The results of analysis as such are expected to be finally utilizable in the survey of biological species in the Korean peninsula, restoration and conservation strategies considering climatic changes as the analysis identified the degrees of impacts of climatic changes on subalpine region trees in Korean peninsula with very high conservation values.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2008

In the past decade, there has been increasing breast reconstructions after mastectomy, and the abdomen has been the gold standard for donor site. TRAM (transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous), MSTRAM (muscle sparing transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous), DIEP (deep inferior epigastric artery perforator), SIEA (superficial inferior epigastric artery) flap has been widely used nowadays. Among them, DIEP free flap spares the whole rectus abdominis muscle and anterior rectus sheath resulting in decreased donor site morbidity. Between March of 2006 and February of 2008, six patients had undergone immediate breast reconstructions using DIEP free flap. The mean age of patients was 48.5 years. All patients had unilateral breast reconstructions. We dissected two perforators which were included in the unilateral pedicle. Thoracodorsal artery and its venae comitantes were chosen as recipient vessels. For venous anastomosis, we used the GEM Microvascular Anastomotic Coupler System (Synovis Micro Companies Alliance, Inc., Birmingham, Ala.) in four cases. All flaps were survived completely except one who showed fatty abdomen in old age. She showed repetitive vascular spasm intraoperatively. None of the patients had abdominal hernia, bulge or weakness. We believe that DIEP free flap provides a reliable method for autologous breast reconstruction if the patients are selected appropriately and performed by a skillful surgeon.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.128-136
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• 2014

In the present study, we successfully developed an eco-friendly chemical etching solution and proper condition for plating on ABS material. The mechanism of forming Ni plating layer on ABS substrate is known as following. In general, the etching solution used for the etching process is a solution of chromic acid and sulfuric acid. The etching solution is given to the surface resulting in elution of butadiene group, so-called anchor effect. Such a rough surface can easily adsorb catalyst resulting in the increase of adhesion between ABS substrate and Ni plating layer. However a use of chromic acid is harmful to environment. It is, therefore, essential to develop a new alternative solution. In the present study, we proposed an eco-friendly etching solution composed of potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. This solution was testified to observe the surface microstructure and the pore size of electrical Ni plating layer, and the adhesive correlation between deposited layers fabricated by electro Ni plating was confirmed. The result of the present study, the newly developed, eco-friendly etching solution, which is a mixture of potassium permanganate 25 g/L, sulfuric acid 650ml/L and phosphoric acid 250ml/L, has a similar etching effect and adhesion property, compared with the commercially used chromium acid solution in the condition at $70^{\circ}C$ for 5 min.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.7
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• pp.127-144
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• 2003

Die Hedeutungen von drei Verben anregen, aufregen, erregen werden durch '흥분시키다' ohne Unterschied im Deutsch-Koreanisch $W\"{o}rterbuch{\;}erkl\"{a}rt$. Aber sie haben verschiedene Bedeutungen, was man durch einen Vergleich der Valenz feststellen kann und durch eine verschiedene $Bedeutungserkl\"{a}rung$ zu unterscheiden versuchen sollte. Die drei Verben haben die Argumentenkombination 'Origo + $Vorgangstr\"{a}ger$' gemeinsam. Aber erregen muss noch in 2 Sememe eingeteilt werden: erregen 1. '무엇이 누구를 아주 화나게 하거나, 아주 신경질적으로 만들다'(불유쾌한 홍분상태에 빠뜨리다) erregen 2. '무엇이 누구를 성적으로 또는 기쁘게 흥분시키다'(즐거운 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다) erregen 2. muss wiederum in 2 Eedeutungsvarianten aufgeteilt werden: erregen 2.1. '성적인 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다' erregen 2.2. '성적인 흥분은 아니지만, 기쁜 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다' erregen 2.1. und erregen 2.2. werden voneinander unterschieden durch die verschiedene semantische Klasse der $Mominativerg\"{a}nzung$: 'Sexueller Anblick' erscheint fur die semantische Klasse der $Nominativerg\"{a}nzung$ von erregen 2.1.. 'Musik' erscheint fur die semantische Klasse der $Nominativerg\"{a}inzung$ von erregen 2.2.. erregen 1. und aufregen mit negativer Konnotation werden synonymisch verwendet: erregen 1. '무엇이 누구를 아주 화나게 하거나, 아주 신경질적으로 만들다'(불유쾌한 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다) aufregen '무엇이 누구를 아주 화나게 하거나, 아주 신경질적으로 만들다'(불유쾌한 흥분상태에 빠뜨리다) Aber die semantische Klasse $f\"{u}r$ die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ scheint anders zu sein: 'Mensch odor das $Gem\"{u}t$ eines Menschen' $k\"{o}nnen$ erscheinen $f\"{u}r$ die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ von erregen 1., $w\"{a}hrend$ nur 'Mensch' $f\"{u}r$ die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ von aufregen erscheint. Man sollte die Bedeutung und die syntaktische Valenz von anregen anders $erkl\"{a}ren$, je nachdem ein Mensch odor eine $T\"{a}tigkeit$ des $Menschenk\"{o}rpers$ als $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ auftritt: j-n : Kaffee regt(mic) an. '커피가 나를 흥분시키다' Absraktum : das Medikament regt die Verdauung an '약이 소화를 자극하다/촉진하다/북돋우다' Die $Akkusativerg\"{a}nzung$ mit der semantischen Klasse 'Mensch' ist fakultativ weglassbar, $w\"{a}hrend$ sie mit dem Klassem $'T\"{a}tigkeit{\;}des{\;}Menschenk\"{o}rpers'$ obligatorisch ist.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1503-1509
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• 2014

With the purpose of facilitating the process of stable strain generation, a shuttle vector for integration of genes via a double recombination event into two ectopic sites on the Sulfolobus acidocaldarius chromosome was constructed. The novel chromosomal integration and expression vector pINEX contains a pyrE gene from S. solfataricus P2 ($pyrE_{sso}$) as an auxotrophic selection marker, a multiple cloning site with histidine tag, the internal sequences of malE and malG for homologous recombination, and the entire region of pGEM-T vector, except for the multiple cloning region, for propagation in E. coli. For stable expression of the target gene, an ${\alpha}$-glucosidase-producing strain of S. acidocaldarius was generated employing this vector. The malA gene (saci_1160) encoding an ${\alpha}$-glucosidase from S. acidocaldarius fused with the glutamate dehydrogenase ($gdhA_{saci}$) promoter and leader sequence was ligated to pINEX to generate pINEX_malA. Using the "pop-in" and "pop-out" method, the malA gene was inserted into the genome of MR31 and correct insertion was verified by colony PCR and sequencing. This strain was grown in YT medium without uracil and purified by His-tag affinity chromatography. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity was confirmed by the hydrolysis of $pNP{\alpha}G$. The pINEX vector should be applicable in delineating gene functions in this organism.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.5
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• pp.203-221
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• 2002

Die Unterklassifikation von Sprechakttypen stellt einen wichtigen Forschtmgs­gegenstand der Sprechakttheorie dar. Mit den Kriterien, die Searle (1969) vorgeschlagen hat, $k\"{o}nnen\;zwar\;die\;f\"{u}nf$ Haupttypen der Sprechakte voneinander unterschieden werden, aber $f\"{u}r$ deren Unterklassifikation $m\"{u}ssen$ weitere Kriterien herangezogen werden, und zwar solche, mit denen die Untertypen des zu unterklassifizierenden Sprechakttyps deren Handlungscharakter $gem\"{a}{\ss}$ klassifiziert werden $k\"{o}nnen$. Es ist aber nicht einfach festzustellen, was man als Kriterien $f\"{u}r$ die Unterklassifikation eines bestimmten Sprechakttyps nehmen soll. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird versucht, die $f\"{u}r$ die Unterklassifikation der sogenannten $begr\"{u}ndenden$ Sprechhandlungen (= bSH) wie $ERKL\"{A}REN-WARUM,\;BEGR\"{U}NDEN$, RECHTFERTIGEN und ARGUMENTIEREN angemessenen Kriterien festzustellen und mit diesen die vier Untertypen der bSH zu klassifizieren. Dabei werden zwei Kriterien herangezogen: $n\"{a}mlich$, Gegenstandstyp und Strittigkeit. Je nachdem, urn welchen Gegenstandstyp es bei der bSH geht und ob Strittigkeit vorliegt, wird ein anderer Untertyp der bSH vollzogen. Die Gegenstandstypen der bSH sind wie folgt darzustellen: Gegenstandstypen der bSH Gegenstandstypen im subjektiven Bereich Gegenstandstrypen im objektiven Bereich Einstellungen des Sprechers Handlungen des Sprechers Tatsachen Ereignisse Naturprozesse Handlungen eines Dritten Einstellungen eines Dritten Strittigkeit kann nur in Bezug auf die Gegenstandstypen im subjektiven Bereich entstehen, und zwar in Bezug auf die Richtigkeit der Handlungen und Einstellungen und die Wahrheit der Einstellungen des Sprechers. Mit den beiden Kriterien 'Gegenstandstyp' und 'Strittigkeit' $k\"{o}nnen$ die Untertypen der bSH wie folgt klassifiziert werden:

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

This study examines the possibility of implementing the technology financing for export-import based small and medium sized enterprises. Our sample consists of 2,753 small and medium sized enterprises, receiving financial support from the Export-Import Bank of Korea for the period of 2011-2013. We find that only 400(200) firms reserve IPs(patents) annually. Given that IPs are likely to concentrate on manufacturer industries such as electronic components, computers, video, sound and communication equipment manufacturing(KSIC 26), other machinery and equipment manufacturing(KSIC 29), manufacture of motor vehicles and trailers(KSIC 31). We also find that the total assets, sales and R&D expenses of IP holding companies greatly exceeds those of companies without IPs. In addition, IP holding companies' liquidity seems slight edge and the leverage ratio is somewhat lower. However, profitability ratios of IP holding companies are rather than harsh or similar level. 20~30% of IP holding firms show very week credit scores, implying that banks' default risk is expected to be significant.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2017

Background: The design of deuteron accelerator neutron source facilities requires reliable yield estimation of gamma-rays as well as neutrons from deuteron-induced reactions. We have so foar measured systematically double-differential thick target neutron yields (DDTTNYs) for carbon, aluminum, titanium, copper, niobium, and SUS304 targets. In the neutron data analysis, the events of gamma-rays taken simultaneously were treated as backgrounds. In the present work, we have re-analyzed the experimental data for a thick carbon target with particular attention to gamma-ray events. Materials and Methods: Double-differential thick target gamma-ray yields from carbon irradiated by 5 and 9 MeV deuterons were measured using an NE213 liquid organic scintillator at the Kyushu University Tandem accelerator Laboratory. The gamma-ray energy spectra were obtained by an unfolding method using FORIST code. The response functions of the NE213 detector were calculated by EGS5 incorporated in PHITS code. Results and Discussion: The measured gamma-ray spectra show some pronounced peaks corresponding to gamma-ray transitions between discrete levels in residual nuclei, and the measured angular distributions are almost isotropic for both the incident energies. Conclusion: PHITS calculations using INCL, GEM, and EBITEM models reproduce the spectral shapes and the angular distributions generally well, although they underestimate the absolute gamma-ray yields by about 20%.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.878-883
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• 2002

Electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power measurements on Mn-based $La_{2.1}Sr_{1.9}Mn_3O_{10}$ with layered perovskite structure as functions of temperature are presented. The experimental results demonstrate that the electronic transport in $La_{2.1}Sr_{1.9}Mn_3O_{10}$ is well described by the Emin-Holstein adiabatic small polaron model. The thermoelectric power data in the small polaron regime above Curie temperature is nearly equal to that predicted by nominal $Mn^{4+}$ valence arguments. This indicates that transport involves small polaron hopping.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1029-1043
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• 2013

The pearl is a highly valuable gem that has historically represented wealth and power. Pearl necklaces have developed intro various types and represent an essential status item for modern women. This study first examines the symbolic and various meanings of pearls. Second, this study examines wearing types and pearl necklace patterns based on historical figures and modern fashion icons famous for personal displays of pearls. This study examines and analyzes various specialty publications about jewels, history of costumes, fashion magazines, academic research data, and internet search results. The conclusion of this study is as follows. Pearls have various symbolic meanings that are unlike other gems. Pearls represent purity, innocence, marital fidelity, an intimate relationship with the moon, frozen tears of God, solitude, triumph over adversity, wisdom, and sensual attraction. The societies and people traditionally famous for pearls were the Roman Empire, Queen Cleopatra of Egypt, Queen Theodora of the Byzantine Empire, Queen Elizabeth I, Queen Marie Antoinette, Empress of Eugenie Napoleon III, and Queen Alexandra. They showed a special affection for pearl necklaces and various wearing patterns unique to the time. Their pearl necklaces became a historic and symbolic legacy. Reestablished through the costume jewelry of cultivated pearls designed by Coco Chanel in the $20^{th}$ century, the pearl necklace has showed a variety of fashion trends in addition to a traditional symbolism of wealth and power. Josephine Baker, Louise Brooks, Marilyn Monroe, Elizabeth Taylor, Jacqueline Kennedy, Queen Elizabeth II, Princess Diana, Michelle Obama and Sarah Jessica Parker have worn notable pearl necklaces and established an individual style that utilizes the adornment of fashionable and stylish pearl necklaces. They have worn pearl necklaces while applying various fashion trend motifs to symbolic pearl features of that have changed the perception of the pearl and themselves.