• Title/Summary/Keyword: Gel mass

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Improving the Stability of Gel Mass of Vegetable Soft Capsule (식물성 연질캡슐의 겔 조성물 안정성 개선 연구)

  • Lee, Yeon Hui;Weon, Kwon Yeon
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.397-404
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    • 2016
  • The objective of this study is to determine the physical characteristics of the gel mass of vegetable soft capsules and to maintain their rheological stability for improving manufacturability. The effect of each capsule shell component on the viscosity of the gel mass was studied for 6 hours, and the effects of adding an alkalizer or electrolytes to neutralize the sulfate groups on the carrageenan molecule were also investigated. Carrageenan was identified as a major component that affects the viscosity of the gel mass, and it showed unstable properties with age. The viscosity and stability of the gel mass were remarkably improved when an alkalizer or electrolytes were added at 3.0% relative to the carrageenan. 3.6 M KCl showed the highest effect on increasing the viscosity. A stable gel mass composition for vegetable soft capsules was successfully developed, which can be considered to increase the application of the capsules in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Molecular Weight Determination of Polymers by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization in Mass Spectrometry

  • Kim, Jin Sung;Yoo, Jong Shin
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.465-468
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    • 1995
  • Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization in mass spectrometry is a fast and accurate method to determine the molecular weight of natural and synthetic polymers. Unknown peptides such as elastase inhibitor and $\small{D}$-hydantoinase were analyzed using sinapinic acid as matrix and their molecular weights were compared with the results from protein sequencer and gel filtration chomatography, respectively. Synthetic polymers such as polyethyleneglycol, polypropyleneglycol, polydimethylsiloxane, and polystyrene were analyzed using matrices such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hdroxyazobenzenecarboxylic acid, and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether. Average molecular weights of polystyrene were compared with molecular weights by gel permeation chromatography.

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Gas sparged gel layer controlled cross flow ultrafiltration: A model for stratified flow regime and its validity

  • Khetan, Vivek;Srivastava, Ashish;De, Sirshendu
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.151-168
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    • 2012
  • Gas sparging is one of the techniques used to control the concentration polarization during ultrafiltration. In this work, the effects of gas sparging in stratified flow regime were investigated during gel layer controlling cross flow ultrafiltration in a rectangular channel. Synthetic solution of pectin was used as the gel forming solute. The liquid and gas flow rates were selected such that a stratified flow regime was prevalent in the channel. A mass transfer model was developed for this system to quantify the effects of gas flow rates on mass transfer coefficient (Sherwood number). The results were compared with the case of no gas sparging. Gas sparging led to an increase of mass transfer coefficient by about 23% in this case. The limitation of the developed model was also evaluated and it was observed that beyond a gas flow rate of 20 l/h, the model was unable to explain the experimental observation, i.e., the decrease in permeate flux with flow rate.

Evaporation Characteristics of a Butanol Gel-Fuel Droplet in Atmospheric Pressure Condition (상압에서 부탄올 젤 연료액적의 증발특성)

  • Nam, Siwook;Kim, Hyemin
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2021
  • Evaporation characteristics of single butanol gel fuel were investigated in different mass ratios of gellant and ambient temperatures. Gel fuel was made by adding the pure water and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) into the 1-butanol. Increase of viscosity was observed when the loading of HPMC increased. The evaporation process of gel droplet could be divided into three stages: droplet heating, micro-explosion and crust formation. Elevation of ambient temperature helped boost the evaporation in all experimental cases, but the effect was mitigated when the mass ratio of HPMC increased. Increase of HPMC weight ratio reduced the evaporation rate.

Quantitation of CP4 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase in Soybean by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

  • KIM YEON-HEE;CHOI SEUNG JUN;LEE HYUN-AH;MOON TAE WHA
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.25-31
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    • 2006
  • Changes of CP4 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) in the glyphosate-tolerant Roundup Ready soybean were examined using purified CP4 EPSPS produced in cloned Escherichia coli as a control. CP4 EPSPS in genetically modified soybean was detected by twodimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) with databases. CP4 EPSPS in soybean products was resolved on 2-DE by first isoelectric focusing (IEF) based on its characteristic pI of 5.1, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) based on its molecular mass of 47.5 kDa. We quantified various percentages of soybean CP4 EPSPS. The quantitative analysis was performed using a 2D software program on artificial gels with spots varying in Gaussian volumes. These results suggested that 2-DE image analysis could be used for quantitative detection of GM soybean, unlike Western blotting.

A Numerical Study for the Heat and Mass Transfer in Silica gel/Water Adsorption Chiller's Adsorber (흡착식 냉동기의 흡착탑에서 열 및 물질전달에 관한 수치적 연구)

  • Kwon, Oh-Kyung;Yun, Jae-Ho;Kim, Joung-Ha;Kim, Yong-Chan;Joo, Young-Ju
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.341-346
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    • 2005
  • Nowadays, adsorption chillers have been receiving considerable attentions as they are energy-saving and environmental1y benign systems. A Fin & tube type heat exchanger in which adsorption/desorption take place is required more compact size. The adsorption chiller is expected to have high energy-efficiency in utilizing the waste heat exhausted from a process. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the effect of fin pitch of fin & tube on the adsorption performance and to develop an optimal design fin & tube heat exchanger in the silica gel/water adsorption chiller. Previous study concluded that optimal particle size selected 0.5mm, type HO silica gel, and fundamental heat transfer & mass transfer experiments carried out. From the numerical results, the adsorption rate for the fin pitch 2.5mm is the highest than that for the fin pitch 5mm, 7.5mm and 10mm. Also cooling water & hot water temperature affect the adsorption rate.

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Pilot Production of Bacterial Cellulose by Gluconacetobacter hansenii TL-2C (Gluconacetobacter hansenii TL-2C에 의한 Bacterial Cellulose의 Pilot 생산)

  • Jeong, Ji-Suk;Kim, Jong-Sun;Choi, Kyoung-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.36 no.10
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    • pp.1341-1350
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    • 2007
  • This study was designed to ultimately develop a highly efficient mass production technology of bacterial cellulose isolated from the citrus gel fermented by G. hansenii TL-2C. Pilot equipment made with FRP vessel length (665 mm) ${\times}$ width (375 mm) ${\times}$ height (210 mm) was developed for mass production of the citrus gel. To develop the optimal conditions for mass production of citrus gel, comprised of citrus juice (6,000 mL) diluted 100 times, containing 5% seed bacteria, 10% sucrose, and 1% ethanol, citrus juice was fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ for 14 days, and gel productivity in pilot system was examined. BC was isolated and purified from the citrus gel, and their chemical composition and physicochemical properties were investigated.

Diffused Quantity Prediction Model and Diffusion Coefficient of Gel Food in the Mass Transfer Process (겔 식품의 물질전달공정 중 확산량 예측모델 및 확산계수)

  • Lee, Won-Young;Choi, Yong-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.217-223
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    • 1991
  • A capillary method was used to evaluate the properties of mass transfer process and diffusion coefficients in the gel food. Amaranth dye was selected as a diffusant material to visualize the degree of diffusion procedure easily. After contacting cylinder containing agar gel with amaramth dye solution for some hours, the gel was cut to five segments by 0.5 cm in length. The diffusant concentration from the segments were measured by the spectrophotometer at 523 nm. Prediction models for the diffused quantities in gel food were established by the regression program of SPSS package program. Generally, diffusion coefficient can be calculated by Fick's second law, however, it will be determined by using numerical analysis method more easily. Finally the diffusion coefficients in this research were calculated by arithmetic mean of the measured values. As raising gel agent concentration, the mean diffusion coefficient tended to decrease because the obstruction effect came to become significant.

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Analysis of Hanwoo Loin Proteome by 2-D Gel Electrophoresis and Peptide Mass Fingerprinting

  • Lim, Jin-Kyu;Pyo, Jae-Hoon;Lee, Hwa-Jin;Jung, Il-Jung;Park, Young-Sik;Yeo, Young-Kuen;Kim, Jeong-Sang
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.432-436
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    • 2002
  • A proteomic map of Hanwoo loin was obtained using 2-D SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometric analysis: 27 bovine proteins plus 2 proteins having similarities to other mammal proteins out of 52 proteins analyzed. The identified proteins consisted of 50 % basic house keeping proteins involved in metabolism, 30% muscle proteins, and other miscellaneous proteins. Many proteins on the 2-D gel with different molecular weights and isoelectric points were identified as same proteins due to posttranslational modification. As many of the identified house keeping proteins showed the high sequence similarities to other mammal equivalent proteins, searching the mammal databases could confirm the annotation. The preliminary identification of the proteome in bovine loin tissue could reveal the functions of proteins at over 50 % of chance with high fidelities. Using the established loin proteome map, proteomic difference between 1 yr and 2 yr Hanwoo loin tissues were compared on 2D gel. Regardless of the difficulty normalizing protein concentrations and sample-to-sample variations, three unidentified proteins and myoglobin were selected as up-regulated proteins during the fat deposition period. This study contributes to a move thorough and holistic understanding of beef meat, helping to build the basis for future identification of new markers for good quality meat.

Purification of Bovine Pregnancy-Associated Proteins by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

  • Hwang, Sun-Il;Lim, Jin-Kyu
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.445-450
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    • 1999
  • We purified and characterized a bovine pregnancy-associated protein in pregnant cow urine using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Urine from cows was collected according to their status of pregnancy and non-pregnancy. Proteins in the cow urine were fractionated with 50% ammonium sulfate prior to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteins separated on the gels were compared in terms of expression level and new expression by molecular mass and isoelectric point. We localized two pregnancy-associated protein spots on the gels at molecular masses of 24 kDa and 20 kDa and isoelectric points of 5.5 and 5.7, respectively. Likewise, two non-pregnancy specific proteins were localized at 27 kDa and 28 kDa with isoelectric points of 5.7 and 5.9, respectively. To rule out the possibility that environmental or genetic factors might influence the expression of the proteins, we demonstrated the pregnancy-associated expression of the proteins in two-dimensional gels with pregnant urine taken from cows raised in a different institute. The pregnancy-associated protein with molecular mass of 20 kDa and isoelectric point of 5.7, namely spot 2, was microsequenced and found to be highly homologous to the bovine collagen alpha 1 chain.

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