• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.136-143
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• 1995

The effect of additive chemistry on the serface fatigue of gears was investigated using the FZG gear tester and fluids based on an API GL-5 grade oil. Surface fatigue lives were determined as a function of load and additive chemistry. At 1.52 GPa, the removal of the primary extreme pressure additive (EP) from the fully formulated gear oil decreased the fatigue life of gears slightly (4%), however, the removal of the primary antiwear additive (AW) decreased the fatigue life of gears significantly (83%). At 1.86 GPa, the removal of the EP additive from the fully formulated gear oil decresed the gear fatigue life 27%, however, the removal of the primary AW additive decreased the fatigue life of gears significantly (75%). Micropitting was the dominant surface morphology in the dedendum of gears tested With two oils at load stage: one using the complete additive package, and a second where the EP additive has been removed. However, spalling is the primary failure mode of gears tested without an AW additive independent of whether an EP agent was present. Surface analysis of pinion gears showed the formation of a mixed phosphate/phosphite-oxide layer on the surface of gears tested with fluids containing an AW. Formation of this layer seems to be key to long fatigue life.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 1987

To know the possibility of fuel substitution for Diesel engine with the seed oil of Evodia daniellii, which is one of the native oil seed trees in Korea. the refined seed oil mixed with light oil in the various rates was tested in the 8 PS Diesel engine: the output, the fuel consumption rate, the governor performance, the rpm stability in the total loading condition. the content of graphite in the burned gas, and the traction coefficients at the different gear stages were maintained The following results were discussed. 1. The output at the normal revolution (2200rpm)was increased as the percent seed oil increased. At the lower rpm (2000-1500rpm )there were no consistent difference in the outputs among fuels of the different percent seed oil 2. The rate of fuel consumption was inclosed as the percent seed oil increased in each loading condition. 3. The more percent sud oil was mixed in the fuel. the better governor performance appeared at both the instantaneous and stable speed. 4. The more percent seed oil was mixed In the fuel, the more stable rpm ratio was maintained 5. The graphite content In the burned gas was increased as the load increased, but there was no apparent difference in the content at each load among the 100$\%$ seed oil, the 100$\%$ light oil, and the mixtures in various rates. 6. In all fuel mixtures the maximam traction coefficent appeared at the third transmission gear stage. Generally in over all transmission gear stages the fuel mixtures of the seed oil:light oil ratio from 7:3 to 5:5 resulted greater traction force than the other fuels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.65-66
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• 2010

To improve the gear noise quality, gear tooth grinding machine are widely used in automotive industry. While using the gear profile grinding machine to improve the gear tooth quality of the transmission, several defects such as chattering, tooth waves that cause the gear noise occasionally happened. But it is very difficult to solve that problem, because there is no one who knows the setting up the optimal grinding condition appropriately. The abnormal manufacturing conditions which make the gear noise make the engineer to spend a lot of time, effort, and money. Due to demands for solving the serious abnormal gear noise happened in the new FF 6th stage automatic transmission in the mass product stage, the vibration checking process in the worm wheel axis, work rotation and fixed axis of the grinding machine were adapted to find the root causes. As a result, gear profile wave are affected by the work rotation axis's unbalance which is caused by worm wheel feeding speed. And a primary and the secondary grinding feeding speed, cutting oil, work fixed forces are also proved as the important factors. After setting up the grinding condition reported in this paper, it was adapted successfully to the grinding machine to manufacture the new FF 6th speed automatic transmissions' output gear. The gear noise was dramatically disappeared and the process and results will offer good guides to the engineers who manufacture the gear with the grinding machine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.665-671
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• 2010

To improve the gear noise quality, gear tooth grinding machine are widely used in automotive industry. While using the gear profile grinding machine to improve the gear tooth quality of the transmission, several defects such as chattering, tooth waves that cause the gear noise occasionally happened. But it is very difficult to solve that problem, because there is no one who knows the setting up the optimal grinding condition appropriately. The abnormal manufacturing conditions which make the gear noise make the engineer to spend a lot of time, effort, and money. Due to demands for solving the serious abnormal gear noise happened in the automatic transmission in the mass product stage, the vibration checking process in the worm wheel axis, work rotation and fixed axis of the grinding machine were adapted to find the root causes. As a result, gear profile wave are affected by the work rotation axis's unbalance which is caused by worm wheel feeding speed. And a primary and the secondary grinding feeding speed, cutting oil, work fixed forces are also proved as the important factors. After setting up the grinding condition reported in this paper, it was adapted successfully to the grinding machine to manufacture the new automatic transmissions' gear. The gear noise was dramatically disappeared and the process and the results will offer good guides to the engineers who manufacture the gear with the grinding machine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.405-410
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• 1999

Hydraulic pipeline between servo valve and actuator affect the dynamic characteristics of electrohydraulic servo systems in serveral ways. This paper deal with the speed control of oil hydraulic gear motor using electrohydraulic servo valve. The frequency and transient response of electrohydraulic servo valve coupled to a gear motor is anlayzed. In particular, the effect of short and long hydraulic pipelines between servo valve and gear motor is investigated. The dynamic characteristics of the speed control systems of gear motor with short pipeline is first described via frequency response experiments with small signal linearized analysis. Loner pipeline is applied distributed parameter pipeline model with consideration of frequency dependent viscous friction.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.584-589
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• 2008

A bi-modal tram has been developing to consist of articulated-two cars propelled by CNG hybrid (series type) in Korea since 2003. All wheels are driven by electrical motors independently, which can eliminate differential gears to reduce turning radius and make low floor to provide the old and the handicapped with easy access. In the bi-modal tram, therefore, reduction gear unit is key technology to make low floor and drive wheels independently. This study was aimed at performance evaluations of the reduction gear unit for the bi-modal tram. Oil leakage, oil temperature, vibration, acoustic noise in idle operations were measured for the reduction gear unit of the bimodal tram.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 1997

The non-periodic angular accelerations of engine are the major cause of gear rattle. This gear rattle is based on the existence of a backlash between the drive gear of input shaft and the free gear of output shaft in the gearbox. Especially, the neutral gear rattle have a very bad effect on the ride quality. Test-rig was constructed in order to evaluate the parameter influence upon the neutral gear rattle. Also, each different 4 type torsional characteristic of clutch was manufactured. Experimental conditions are the use of each different 4 type torsional characteristic of clutch and oil temperature variation in gearbox. In case of the same stiffiness of pre-damper type clutch at idling, the clutch of large hysteresis showed dam- ping effects at the 2nd input gear and the 2nd output gear. Also, the main-damper type clutch was shown to large resonance phenomenon at the 2nd input gear. Accordingly, main-damper type clutch was unapp- roriate at idling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.1243-1244
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• 2012

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.54-59
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• 2011

Currently, plastic gear is widely used as parts of office equipment and industrial machines, because plastic substance has an advantage of light weight and possible to operate in oil-fewer conditions. However, under cyclic loadings, their occurred repetitive deformation due to weak tensile strength and bending stress rather than metal gear. Furthermore, they have a problem of attrition and breakage owing to frictional heat. For solving these problems, when plastic gear's opponents are metal gear, we should design that plastic gear's tooth be thick and metal gear's tooth be thin. In this research, we developed the program which developing tooth profile of non-standard gears automatically and calculating over-pin diameter for inspection after making gear.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.198-205
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• 1998

In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of a star type epicyclic gear train have been analyzed. Nonlinear stiffness of a gear pair were obtained considering the bending and shear deformation, Hertz contact deformation, as well as tooth fillet deformation. Nonlinear stiffness coefficients and damping coefficients around the static equilibrium position were obtained by perturbation method. The loci of the planet gears and sun gear were estimated. Tooth meshing forces and bearing reaction forces were calculated. The effects of bearing clearance and oil viscosity on the gear behavior were also analyzed.