• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1996

Superresolution optics, employing Gaussian apodization, is rigorously treated at the soft X-ray wave-length(λ=0.013 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) region. In the diffraction integral, the line integral along the imaginary axis is found small, and it is ignored, so that the diffraction integral consists of the integration along the real axis. The resolution of the diffracted image is not effected by the pupil angular frequency bandwidth $2{\omega}_0$, which is one of the most important the characteristic features of Gaussian apodization ($e^{-o^2x^2}$ optics. The superresolution optics has resolution ($\frac{1}{2}{\times}FWHM)$=$\Delta$x=0.008 $\mu$m which is smaller than the Rayleigh criterion of 2λ=0.026 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ for NA=0.25. The optical system has ${\omega}_0{\ge}\frac{1}{2}{\sigma}$, which gives the peak intensity of the diffracted image larger than $e^{-2}$ times intensity obtainable by the infinite sperture.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.104.1-104.1
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• 2011

가볍고, 유연성(flexibility)을 갖는 박막(thin film)형 플랙서블 태양전지(flexible solar cell)는 상황에 따른 형태의 변형이 가능하여, 휴대가 간편하고, 기존 혹은 신규 구조물의 지붕(rooftop)등에 설치가 용이하여, 차세대 성장 동력 분야에서 각광받고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 플랙서블 태양전지는 제작시 열에 의한 기판의 변형, 기판 이송시 너울 현상, 대면적 패터닝(patterning) 기술 등 많은 어려움 등으로 웨이퍼나 글라스 기판에 제조된 태양전지 대비 낮은 광전환 효율을 갖는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 플랙서플 태양전지 성능개선을 위해 3.5세대급 ($450{\times}450cm^2$) 스퍼터(sputter), 금속유기 화학기상장치 (MOCVD), 플라즈마 화학기상장치 (PECVD), 레이저 가공장치 (Laser scriber)를 이용하여 a-Si:H/a-SiGe:H 이중접합(tandem)을 갖는 태양전지를 제작하였고, 광 변환효율 특성을 평가하였다. 전도도(conductivity), 라만(Raman)분광 및 UV/Visible 분광 분석을 통하여 박막의 전기적, 구조적, 광학적 물성을 평가하여 단위박막의 물성을 최적화 했다. 또한 제작된 태양전지는 쏠라 시뮬레이터 (Solar Simulator)를 이용하여 성능 평가를 수행하였고, 상/하부층의 전류 정합 (current matching)을 위해 외부양자효율 (external quantum efficiency) 분석을 수행하였다. 제작된 이중접합 접이식 태양전지로 소면적($0.25cm^2$)에서 8.7%, 대면적($360cm^2$ 이상) 8.0% 이상의 효율을 확보하였으며, 성능 개선을 위해 대면적 패턴 기술 향상 및 공정 기술 개선을 수행 중이다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.896-901
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• 2002

Since many process parameters of FHD(Flame Hydrolysis Deposition) are involved in forming multi-component amorphous silica film ($SiO_2-B_2O_3-P_2O_5-GeO_2$), it has not been easy to predict the optical, mechanical and thermal properties of deposited film from the simple process parameters, such as source flow rate. Furthermore, the prediction of final composition of film becomes even more difficult after sintering at high temperature due to the evaporation of volatile dopants. The motivation of the study was to clarify the quantitative relationship between simple process parameters such as the flow rate of source gases and resulting chemical composition of sintered film. Hence, the compositional analysis of silica soot by FTIR(Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy) and ICP-AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry) under the control of the amount of dopant was carried out to obtain the quantitative composition. By measuring spectrum of absorbance from FTIR, the compositional change of B-O, Si-O, OH($H_2O$) in silica film was measured. The concentrations of these dopants were also measured by ICP-AES, which were compared with the FTIR result. The final quantitative relationship between simple process parameters and composition was deduced from the comparison between two results.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.351-361
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• 2007

The samples composed of a GST thin film and the protective layers of $ZnS-SiO_2$ or $Al_2O_3$ coated on c-Si substrate were prepared by using the magnetron sputtering method. Samples of three different structures were prepared, that is, i) the GST single film on c-Si substrate, ii) the GST film sandwiched by the protective $ZnS-SiO_2$ layers on c-Si substrate, and iii) the GST film sandwiched by $Al_2O_3$ protective layers on c-Si substrate. The ellipsometric constants in the temperature range from room temperature to $700^{\circ}C$ were obtained by using the in-situ ellipsometer equipped with a conventional heating chamber. The measured ellipsometric constants show strong variations versus temperature. The variation of ellipsometric constants at the temperature region higher than $300^{\circ}C$ shows different behaviors as the ambient medium is changed from in air to in vacuum or the protective layers are changed from $ZnS-SiO_2$ to $Al_2O_3$. Since the long heating time of 1-2 hours is believed to be the origin of the high temperature variation of ellipsometric constants upon the heating environment and the protective layers, a PRAM (Phase-Change Random Access Memory) recorder is introduced to reduce the heating time drastically. By using the PRAM recorder, the GST samples are heated up to $700^{\circ}C$ decomposed preventing its partial evaporation or chemical reactions with adjacent protective layers. The surface image obtained by SEM and the surface micro-roughness verified by AFM also confirmed that samples prepared by the PRAM recorder have smoother surface than the samples prepared by using the conventional heater.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.9
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• pp.152-159
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• 1999

YBa$_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ (YBCO) films grown on CeO$_2$-buffered r-cut sapphire substrates (CbS's) were prepared and their structural and electrical properties were measured. Post-annealed CeO$_2$ films were used as buffer layers for the experiments. It turned out that the YBCO films grown on post-annealed CbS's had the rms roughness of less than 20 ${\AA}$ and peak-to-peak roughness of about 30 ${\AA}$ when the YBCO film thickness was 3000 ${\AA}$. Meanwhile, YBCO films on in-situ grown CeO$_2$ buffer layers on r-cut sapphire substrates appeared to have the peak-to-peak roughness of more than 450 ${\AA}$. X-ray diffraction data revealed that the YBCO flms were epitaxially grown along the c-axis with the typical FWHM of(005) ${\theta}$ -2 ${\theta}$ peak about 0. 16 $^{\circ}$ and ${\Delta}$ ${\omega}$ of the (005) peak about 0.5 $^{\circ}$. T$_c$ > 87 K, ${\Delta}$T < 1 K and R(look)/R(100K) ${\ge}$3 were observed from the YBCO films. Applicability of the YBCO films for high-frequency applications was described.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.5
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• pp.109-141
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• 2002

Die neuere Entwicklung in der Valenzlexikographie $f\"{u}hrt$ hin zum didaktisch orientierten $W\"{o}rterbuch$, in dem die $Valenzeintr\"{a}ge$ neben anderen syntaktischen und semantischen Informationen stehen. Das $Valenzlexikon/-w\"{o}rterbuch$ wendet sich vorrangig an Lehrbuchautoren und Lehrer, die im Bereich Deutsch als Fremdsprache unterrichten, sowie $sekund\"{a}r$ an fortgeschrittene Deutschlemer. Das $Valenzw\"{o}rterbuch\;enth\"{a}lt$, neben den Informationen zur Valenz, genaue morphosyntaktische und semantische Erkl\"{a}rungen$ zu den Verben und ihrer spezifischen Umgebung, ferner Hinweise zur Morphologie, Wortbildung, Passiv- $f\"{a}higkeit$, Stil und Phraseologie. Die Strukturbeschreibungen sind durch zahlreiche Verwendungsbeispiele illustriert. In Helbig/Schenkel(1969, $^{8}1991$) sind die Verben nicht alphabetisch, sondern nach formaler und inhaltlicher $Zusammengeh\"{o}rigkeit$, nach Wortfamilien, Bedeutungsfeldern und Wortbildungsmitteln angeordnet, dagegen sind in Engel/Schumacher(1976, $^{2}1978$) und Bianco{I996) die Verben alphabetisch angeordnet In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden lexikographische Probleme der Verbvalenz- lexika von Helbig/SchenkeJ(1969, $^{8}1991$), Engel/Schumacher(I976, $^{2}1978$) und Bianco(1996) aus der Sicht auslandischer $W\"{o}rterbuchbenutzer$ diskutiert. Hinsichtlich der Lexikoneintragungen (syntaktischer sowie semantischer Informationen) $f\"{u}r$ Verben kann man erkennen, dass zwischen einzelnen Valenzlexika viele Beschreibungsunterschiede $f\"{u}r$ ein bestimmtes Verb bestehen. Man kann feststellen, dass die Informationen zur Valenz, genaue morpho- syntaktische und semantische $Erkl\"{a}rungen$ zu den Verben und ihrer spezifischen Umgebung differieren. Problematisch $f\"{u}r$ nichtmuttersprachliche $W\"{o}rterbuch$benutzer sind die Unterschiede sowohl in Bezug auf Anzahl und Art der $Erg\"{a}nzungen$ als auch in Bezug auf Angabe der $Obligatheit/Fakultativit\"{a}t$ der Korrelate(d.h. der 'Praposi- tionaladverbien' oder der 'Pronominaladverbien'). Auch die $Beispiels\"{a}tze\;mit\;satzformigen\;Erg\"{a}nzungen$(dass-Satz, zu-Inf, ob-Satz, w-Satz) sollten systema- tisch angegeben werden. Das Valenzlexikon soil ein Nachschlagewerk und ein $Lernw\"{o}rterbuch$ zur weiteren Erforschung der syntaktish-semantischen Eigenschaften der deutschen Verben sein. Es ist zu hoffen, dass Valenzlexika als ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel $f\"{u}r$ das Fach Deutsch als Fremdsprache, das sich auf Theone und Praxis des Deutschunterrichts auswirken wird, noch an Bedeutung gewinnen $k\"{o}nnen$.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.5
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• pp.253-287
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• 2002

Aus kommunikativer Hinsicht wird die Textsorte 'Rede' als appellierende-persuative Textsorte charakterisiert, die eine bestimmte Aufbaustrukutur hat. Das klassische Schema der Rede setzt sich aus Einleitung, $Erz\"{a}hlung$, Beweis und $Schlu{\ss}$ zusammen. $Erz\"{a}hlung$ und Beweis, die sich in der Mitte des ganzen Textes befinden, sind verbunden mit einem Appell an die Vemunft und haben ein intellektuelles Wirkziel. Im Gegensatz dazu beabsichtigen Einleitung und $Schlu\ss$ jeweils als erster und letzter Redeteil das Erzeugen einer sanften oder heftigen Emotion. In dieser Arbeit stellt sich es in drei Textanalysen heraus, $da\ss$ die Einleitung darauf abzielt, die $Zuh\"{o}rer$ wohlwollend, aufmerksam und gelehrig zu machen, und $da\ss$ der $Schlu\ss$ darauf abzielt, die $Zuh\"{o}rer$ wohlwollend, gelehrig zu machen und zum Handeln zu ermuntern. Das Wohlwollen wird dadurch gewonnen, wenn der Redner die Zuhorer lobt oder ihren Ehrgeiz anregt, wenn der Redner den $Zuh\"{o}rern\;Ha{$\ss}$, Zorn, $Mi{\ss}gunst$ gegen den Gegner $einfl\"{o}{\ss}t$, indem er $\"{u}ber$ die schlechten Eigenschaften seines Gegners spricht, oder wenn der Redner den $Zuh\"{o}rern$ Liebe, Gunst und Mitleid $f\"{u}r$ sich selbst $einfl\"{o}{\ss}t$, indem er Dank, Freude und Bedauern usw. ausspricht oder den $Zuh\"{o}rern$ seine eingenen Tugenden, seinen Gerechtigkeitssinn, $W\"{u}rde$, Verdienste, Wohlhaben und Vertrauen zeigt. Die Aufmerksamkeit wird geweckt, wenn der Redner angesehene oder $m\"{a}chtige$ Personen in den Vordergrund stellt, wenn er zeigt, $da\ss\;er\;f\"{u}r$ das allgemeine Wohl $pl\"{a}diert$, wenn er ein Wertargument oder ein plausibles Argument benutzt, wenn er etwas Neues bespricht, oder wenn er letztendlich $ank\"{u}ndigt$, zur Sache zu kommen. Der Wille, sich belehren zu lassen, wird geweckt, wenn das vorher Gesagte anhand der Hauptpunkten und in aller $K\"{u}rze\;aufgez\"{a}hlt$ wird, um es den $Zuh\"{o}rern\;eine\;Erinnerung\;zur\"{u}ckzurufen$. Ermuterung zum Handeln wird geschaffen, wenn der Redner seine $W\"{u}nsche$ und Erwartungen usw. ausspricht. $Au{\ss}erdem$ sind rhetorische Mittel wie Ironie, rhetorische Fragen, Antithese, Wiederholung, Parallelismus, Klimax, Correctio, Metapher, Vokativ, Anspielung, Einschub, Hyperbel, $Aufz\"{a}hlung$, Chiasmus, Ellipse usw. $f\"{u}r\;das\;Gef\"{u}ge$ der Rede von Bedeutung. Sie dienen vor allem dem Zweck, den $Zuh\"{o}rern$ den Redeinhalt anschaulich, spannend und eindringlich darzubieten und damit die Wirkung der Aussage zu steigern.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.287-292
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• 2014

In this study, the neutron capture cross section of $^{180}Ta$(natural existence ratio: 0.012 %) obtain by measuring has been compared with the evaluated data for the capture data. In generally, the neutron capture resonance is defined as Breit-Wigner formula. The formula consists of the resonance parameters such as neutron width, total width and neutron width. However in the case of $^{180}Ta$, these are very poor experimental neutron capture cross section data and resonance information in below 10 eV. Therefore, in the study, we analyzed the neutron resonance of $^{180}Ta$ with the measuring the prompt gamma-ray from the sample. And the resonance was compared with the evaluated data by Mughabghab, ENDF/B-VII, JEFF-3.1 and TENDL 2012. Neutron sources from photonuclear reaction with 46-MeV electron linear accelerator at Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University used for cross section measurement of $^{180}Ta(n,{\gamma})^{181}Ta$ reaction. $BGO(Bi_4Ge_3O_{12})$ scintillation detectors used for measurement of the prompt gamma ray from the $^{180}Ta(n,{\gamma})^{181}Ta$ reaction. The BGO spectrometer was composed geometrically as total energy absorption detector.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.403-408
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• 2012

Prompt gamma ray from the natural Indium sample was measured by using an assembly of BGO($Bi_4Ge_3O_{12}$) scintillation detectors in the neutron energy region from 1 to 300 eV. The assembly was composed of pieces of BGO. The spectrometer was composed geometrically as total energy absorption detector. 46-MeV electron linear accelerator which is located at Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University used for neutron sources from photonuclear reaction. The measurement of the neutron capture resonances was performed to below neutron energy 1 keV, because of strong X-ray effect from photonuclear reaction in Ta target and short distance from the target to an assembly of detector. The distance of neutron flight path is $12.7{\pm}0.02m$. The large neutron capture resonances were measured from 1 to 400 eV. The energy in the capture resonance was compared with the evaluated values. The large resonances were seen in the present measurement. General agreement can be seen between the present measurement and the previous evaluated data in relevant energy region. In the present study, we measured the continues resonance structure above 1 keV neutron energy region. 91.49 eV new neutron capture resonance was found in present measurement.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.183-212
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• 2004

Die Haftung des Luftfrachtf${\"{u}}$hrers nach dem ge${\"{a}}$nderten Luftverkehrsgesetz 2004 In dieser Arbeit handelt es sich um das ge${\"{a}}$nderte Luftverkehrsgesetz in Deutschland. Neuerdings werden die bisherige Vielzahl von v${\"{o}}$lkerrechtlichen Abkommen und Protokollen, europarechtlichen Bestimmungen und privatrechtlichen Vereinbanmgen durch das Montrealer ${\"{U}}$bereinkommen 1999 zu einem einzigen Instrument zusammengefuhrt. Am 4. 11. 2003 ist das ${\"{U}}$bereinkommen von Montreal f${\"{u}}$r die Ratifikationsstaaten in Kraft getreten. Der Anwendungsbereich des Montrealer ${\"{U}}$bereinkommen beschr${\"{a}}$nkt sich jedoch nach dessen Art. 1 auf die internationale Bef${\"{o}}$rderung. Urn bei reinen Inlandf${\"{a}}$llen einen Gleichlauf zu gew${\"{a}}$hrleisten, will der deutsche Gesetzgeber im Zuge der Ratifikation in ${\S}$ 46 LuftVG eine entsprechende nationale Haftungsbestimmung schaffen.