• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-29
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• 2023

The eye tracking technology is widespread all around the society, and is demonstrating great performances in both preciseness and convenience. Hereby we can glimpse new possibility of an interface's conduct without screen-touching. This technology can become a new way of conversation for those including but not limited to the patients suffering from Lou Gehrig's disease, who are paralyzed each part by part of the body and finally cannot help but only moving eyes. Formerly in that case, the patients were given nothing to do but waiting for the death, even being unable to communicate with there families. A new interface that harnesses eyes as a new means of communication, although it conveys great difficulty, can be helpful for them. There surely are some eye tracking systems and equipment for their exclusive uses on the market. Notwithstanding, several obstacles including the complexity of operation and their high prices of over 12 million won($9,300) are hindering universal supply to people and coverage for the patients. Therefore, this paper suggests wearable-type eye tracking device that can support minorities and vulnerable people and be occupied inexpensively and study eye tracking method in order to maximize the possibility of future development across the world, finally proposing the way of designing and developing a brought-down costed eye tracking system based on high-efficient wearable device.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.157-160
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• 2007

Based on Nisbett and his colleagues' theoretical model "Holistic" and "Analytic" which show the differences in cognitive style of Eastern Asian and Westerners, the author hypothesized that the differences in cognitive style of people from diverse cultural backgrounds may influence their perception and usage of webpage. An experiment was carried out and the Eye-gaze device was used to assist to explore the relationship. The results revealed the relationship between cognitive style and webpage design. different cognitive style results different viewing pattern on webpage. Chinese people are more likely to have a holistic view of the whole page first and then focus on detail, while French people tend to read the heading information first and then proceeding down the page. Chinese emphasized the background as well as the whole look and feel of the webpage more, while French noticed the independent contents and element designs more on the webpage.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07d
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• pp.2839-2842
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 새로운 실시간 시선 추적 방식을 제안하고자한다. 기존의 시선추적 방식은 사용자가 머리를 조금만 움직여도 잘못된 결과를 얻을 수가 있었고 각각의 사용자에 대하여 교정 과정을 수행할 필요가 있었다. 따라서 제안된 시선 추적 방법은 적외선 조명과 Generalized Regression Neural Networks(GRNN)를 이용함으로써 교정 과정 없이 머리의 움직임이 큰 경우에도 견실하고 정확한 시선 추적을 가능하도록 하였다. GRNN을 사용함으로써 매핑기능은 원활하게 할 수 있었고, 머리의 움직임은 시선 매핑 기능에 의해 적절하게 시선추적에 반영되어 얼굴의 움직임이 있는 경우에도 시선추적이 가능토록 하였고, 매핑 기능을 일반화함으로써 각각의 교정과정을 생략 할 수 있게 하여 학습에 참여하지 않은 다른 사용자도 시선 추적을 가능케 하였다. 실험결과 얼굴의 움직임이 있는 경우에는 평균 90% 다른 사용자에 대해서는 평균 85%의 시선 추적 결과를 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.873-876
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 HMD(Head Mounted Display) 하단에 눈동자의 움직임 영상을 취득할 수 있는 USB 카메라를 부착한 후, 3차원 1인칭 슈팅(First Person Shooting) 게임에서 게임 캐릭터의 시선방향을 눈동자 움직임에 의해 조작하는 방법을 제안한다. 시스템은 입력 영상으로부터 눈동자의 중심 위치를 실시간 영상 처리 방법으로 추출하고, 눈동자의 위치 정보와 모니터상의 응시 지점사이의 기하학적인 연관관계를 결정하는 캘리브레이션을 진행하며, 캘리브레이션 정보를 기반으로 모니터 상의 최종적인 응시 위치를 결정하여 이 정보에 의해 게임상의 3차원 뷰(view) 방향을 조정하는 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 실험 결과 본 논문의 방법에 의해 손이 불편한 사용자에게 게임을 즐길 수 있는 기회를 제공하고, 게임 캐릭터와 게임 사용자의 시선 방향을 일치시킴으로서 게임의 흥미와 몰입감을 증가시킬 수 있는 결과를 얻음을 수 있었다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.408-410
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• 2009

First demonstrators of bi-directional OLED microdisplay devices have been developed and integrated into see-through HMD optics. The device combines 'display' and 'imaging' by nested OLED pixels and photodetectors in a single CMOS chip. Major aim of this integration is to provide capabilities for eyetracking to achieve gaze-based human-displayinteraction.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07g
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• pp.3007-3009
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• 1999

정보와 시대인 요즘 컴퓨터의 사용이 갈수록 증가하면서 사용의 편이를 높이기 위하여 사람과 컴퓨터간의 인터페이스에 대한 연구가 많아지고 있다. 새로운 형태의 인터페이스는 자연적인 사람의 행동 양식을 분석하여 그 정보로부터 사용자의 의도를 추출해내는 의도 파악(Intention reading)에 기반한 형태이다. 우리가 관심을 두고 있는 시스템은 사용자가 바라보고 있는 방향을 추적하여 그 방향을 이용하여 컴퓨터를 조작하는 시스템이다. 응시방향을 알아내기 위해 카메라를 이용하여 눈의 움직임을 관찰한다. 그리고 얼굴의 움직임이 있는 일반적인 경우 정확한 눈의 응시 방향을 결정하기 위해서 눈에 대한 정보만을 이용하지 않고 얼굴이 향하고 있는 방향을 추정하여 더 일반적이고 정확한 눈의 응시방향을 결정고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 눈 응시 방향 추적 방법들에 대하여 소개하고 우리가 개발하려고 하는 시스템에 대해 언급하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.1516-1517
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• 2015

일반적인 시선추적 장치에서는 근적외선 카메라, 렌즈 및 근적외선 조명이 필수적으로 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 저가의 소형 시선추적시스템 구성에 필요한 근적외선 카메라, 렌즈 및 근적외선 조명의 성능을 비교/분석하였다.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2017

Eye-typing is one kind of human-computer interactive input system which is implemented by location data of gaze. It is widely used as an input system for paralytics because it does not require physical motions other than the eye movement. However, eye-typing interface based on Korean character has not been suggested yet. Thus, this research aims to implement the eye-typing interface optimized for Korean. To begin with, design objectives were established based on the features of eye-typing: significant noise and Midas touch problem. Multilevel input system was introduced to deal with noise, and an area free from input button was applied to solve Midas touch problem. Then, two types of eye-typing interfaces were suggested on phonological consideration of Korean where each syllable is generated from combination of several phonemes. Named as consonant-vowel integrated interface and separated interface, the two interfaces are designed to input Korean in phases through grouped phonemes. Finally, evaluation procedures composed of comparative experiments against the conventional Double-Korean keyboard interface, and analysis on flow of gaze were conducted. As a result, newly designed interfaces showed potential to be applied as practical tools for eye-typing.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.52-55
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• 2009

With the recent development of virtual reality, it has been actively investigated to develop user interfaces for immersive interaction. Immersive user interfaces improve the efficiency and the capability of information processing in the virtual environment providing various services, and provide effective interaction in the field of ubiquitous and mobile computing. In this paper, we propose an virtual reality platform "My Workspace" which renders an 3D virtual workspace by using an immersive user interface. We develop an interface that integrates an optical see-through head-mounted display, a Wii remote controller, and a helmet with infrared LEDs. It estimates the user's gaze direction in terms of horizontal and vertical angles based on the model of head movements. My Workspace expands the current 2D workspace based on monitors into the layered 3D workspace, and renders a part of 3D virtual workspace corresponding to the gaze direction. The user can arrange various tasks on the virtual workspace and switch each task by moving his head. In this paper, we will also verify the performance of the immersive user interface as well as its usefulness with the usability test.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the process of reading and understanding mathematics lesson plan through eye-tracking to suggest implications of pre-service teacher education. As a result of the analysis, the pre-service teachers felt that the mathematics lesson plans were more difficult than the experienced teacher, they read and understood the mathematics lesson plan in sequential order. Experienced teachers, on the other hand, used a hypertext reading strategy to find key topics and make connections in order to grasp the flow of instruction in mathematics lesson plan. Based on these results, several suggestions were drawn for pre-service teachers when teaching their ability to read and understand mathematics lesson plan.