• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.165-184
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• 2023

The ARX-based lightweight block cipher is widely used in resource-constrained IoT devices due to fast and simple operation of software and hardware platforms. However, there are three weaknesses to ARX-based lightweight block ciphers. Firstly, only half of the data can be changed in one round. Secondly, traditional ARX-based lightweight block ciphers are static structures, which provide limited security. Thirdly, it has poor diffusion when the initial plaintext and key are all 0 or all 1. This paper proposes a new dynamic ARX-based lightweight block cipher to overcome these weaknesses, called DABC. DABC can change all data in one round, which overcomes the first weakness. This paper combines the key and the generalized two-dimensional cat map to construct a dynamic permutation layer P1, which improves the uncertainty between different rounds of DABC. The non-linear component of the round function alternately uses NAND gate and AND gate to increase the complexity of the attack, which overcomes the third weakness. Meanwhile, this paper proposes the round-based architecture of DABC and conducted ASIC and FPGA implementation. The hardware results show that DABC has less hardware resource and high throughput. Finally, the safety evaluation results show that DABC has a good avalanche effect and security.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2024

The increased utilization of the FFT in signal processing, cryptography, and various other fields has highlighted the importance of optimization. In this paper, we propose the implementation of an accelerator that processes the radix-2 16 points FFT algorithm more rapidly and efficiently than FFT implementation of existing studies, using FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) hardware. Leveraging the hardware advantages of FPGA, such as parallel processing and pipelining, we design and implement the FFT logic in the PL (Programmable Logic) part using the Verilog language. We implement the FFT using only the Zynq processor in the PS (Processing System) part, and compare the computation times of the implementation in the PL and PS part. Additionally, we demonstrate the efficiency of our implementation in terms of computation time and resource usage, in comparison with related works.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.97-119
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• 2023

The number of industrial Internet of Things (IoT) users is increasing rapidly. Lightweight block ciphers have started to be used to protect the privacy of users. Hardware-oriented security design should fully consider the use of fewer hardware devices when the function is fully realized. Thus, this paper designs a lightweight block cipher IIoTBC for industrial IoT security. IIoTBC system structure is variable and flexibly adapts to nodes with different security requirements. This paper proposes a 4×4 S-box that achieves a good balance between area overhead and cryptographic properties. In addition, this paper proposes a preprocessing method for 4×4 S-box logic gate expressions, which makes it easier to obtain better area, running time, and power data in ASIC implementation. Applying it to 14 classic lightweight block cipher S-boxes, the results show that is feasible. A series of performance tests and security evaluations were performed on the IIoTBC. As shown by experiments and data comparisons, IIoTBC is compact and secure in industrial IoT sensor nodes. Finally, IIoTBC has been implemented on a temperature state acquisition platform to simulate encrypted transmission of temperature in an industrial environment.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2016

Recently, as IoT (Internet of Things) becomes more important, low cost implementation of sensor nodes also becomes critical issues for two well-known standards, IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6 which stands for WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) and WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network), respectively. This paper presents the area-optimized AES-CCM (Advanced Encryption Standard - Counter with CBC-MAC) hardware security engine which can support both IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE 802.15.6 standards. First, for the low cost design, we propose the 8-bit AES encryption core with the S-box that consists of fully combinational logic based on composite field arithmetic. We also exploit the toggle method to reduce the complexity of design further by reusing the AES core for performing two operation mode of AES-CCM. The implementation results show that the total gate count of proposed AES-CCM security engine can be reduced by up to 42.5% compared to the conventional design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2016

Recently, coastal erosion has been widely in progress and the erosion level becomes also serious in the world wide, espeically in East Sea in Korea. Since it would threaten the life, economics and security risk, it is necessary to much comprehend the reason why coastal erosion has occurred according to the geographical characteristics. Meanwhile, analysis about hydrodynamics of the solitary wave such as tunami in swash zone is needed for the best management practice of coastal erosion. Solitary wave is nonlinear wave and can be reproduced in the laboratoy scale by openning suddenly a sluice gate with water head difference, of which methodology was found in the literature, since it could be simply determined by a significant wave height. Thus, in this sutdy the generation of solitary wave was experimentalized using the sluice gate. Experimental conditions were classified by angles of a beach slope, a water level in a beach slope and a difference of water level between in a headtank and a channel bed. Two kinds of dimensionless analyses based from experimental results in this study were presented; the first analysis indicates nondimensionalization between the wave height and the water level in a beach slope in order to investigate characteristics of solitary wave approaching the beach. The second shows the other nondimensionalization between dynamic pressure and static pressure on a beach slope to investigate the relationship between wave breaking and wave pressure. Under the same conditions as laboratory experiments, the numerical results computed with a SWAN model embedded in FLOW 3D were compared in terms of wave height, and pressure on the beach slope, which shows good agreement with each other. Overall results from this study could provide fundamental hydraulic data for the reliabile verification of numerical simulation results about coastal erosion in swash zone caused by solitary waves.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.195-201
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• 2008

We proposed that is suitable network environment and wire/wireless communication network, easy of implementation, security level preservation, scalable & reconfigurable to TCP/IP protocol architecture to implement suitable smart card MS-Serpent cryptographic algorithm for smart card by hardware base chip level that software base is not implement. Implemented MT-Serpent cryptosystem have 4,032 in gate counter and 406.2Mbps@2.44MHz in throughput. Implemented MS-Serpent cryptographic algorithm strengthens security vulnerability of TCP/IP protocol to do to rescue characteristic of smart card and though several kind of services are available and keep security about many user in wire/wireless environment, there is important purpose.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4122-4144
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• 2021

In this fast-paced technological world, the Internet of Things is a ground breaking technology which finds an immense role in the present electronic world which includes different embedded sensors, devices and most other things which are connected to the Internet. The IoT devices are designed in a way that it helps to collect various forms of data from varied sources and transmit them in digitalized form. In modern era of IoT technology data security is a trending issue which greatly affects the confidentiality of important information. Keeping the issue in mind a novel light encryption strategy known as LCB is designed for IoT devices for optimal security. LCB exploits the benefits of Feistel structure and the architectural benefits of substitution permutation network both to give more security. Moreover, this newly designed technique is tested on (Virtex-7) XC7VX330T FPGA board and it takes much little area of 224 GE (Gate Equivalent) and is extremely fast with very less combinational path delay of 0.877 ns. An in-depth screening confirms the proposed work to promise more security to counter cryptographic attacks. Lastly the Avalanche Effect (AE) of LCB showed as 63.125% and 63.875% when key and plaintext (PT) are taken into consideration respectively.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.282-286
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• 2014

This study is to present an improvement of physical security system operation by survey on the install and operation of physical security system of 90 facilities. The level of CCTV operation is higher than Access Control system and Intrusion Detection System. But the level of maintenance and management of physical security system is low. The rate of install of X-ray Inspection device show the concern on material detection, although the rate is low. The level of install and operation for the Integration of physical security system is low, so integration of security personnel and security system is necessary for the effective operation. For reinforcement of access control management, security gate and preparing of some obstacles are required with RFID.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.290-299
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• 2013

This study is to present an improvement of security for the National Assembly by survey of persons who use the National Assembly facilities. Most of respondent said that their security consciousness level is above average, and they know National Assembly building is National Major Facility First class but they did not know well what the Major Facility First class is. Many of respondents thought security design of National Assembly building is inadequate, so reinforcement of access control management is necessary. For reinforcement of access control management, security gate and preparing of some obstacles are required. They said that they could put up with inconveniences incurred as a result of reinforcement of access control management, that could be affected positively for the reinforcement. The recognition on the necessity of security education is high, but there is no proper security education program. For practical security education, contents and different method followed by different facilities user should be considered.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to suggest a scheme to provide children safer and more comfortable walking circumstances by survey current walking circumstances of schoolzone ways. A scheme suggested in this study was based on the analysis of survey to elementary school in 3 Newtowns(Dongtan, Dongbaek and Gumdan City) and actually surveyed data on school zone, the scheme can be summed up as follows; First, to avoid pedestrian roads being interrupted and to expend waiting space near schoolzone ways, several measures are needed including fixing roads and building additional gateway. Second, pedestrian crossings in front of school gate should be located at least 30m away from the left side of the gate. Third, to secure pedestrians' safety in school zone ways should be planed and established more security concepts und facilities.