• Title/Summary/Keyword: Gastroenterology

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Association of Adiponectin Receptor (Adipo-R1/-R2) Expression and Colorectal Cancer

  • Ayyildiz, Talat;Dolar, Enver;Ugras, Nesrin;Adim, Saduman Balaban;Yerci, Omer
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.21
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    • pp.9385-9390
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    • 2014
  • Introduction: Human adiponectin (ApN) is a 30 kDa glycoprotein of 244-amino acids which is extensively produced by adipocytes. ApN acts via two receptors, namely adiponectin receptor-1 (Adipo-R1) and adiponectin receptor-2 (Adipo-R2). Studies have shown the presence of Adipo-R1 and Adipo-R2 expression immunohistochemically in human colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, only a few studies exist which investigated effects of adiponectin receptor expression on CRC characteristics. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to explore Adipo-R1/-R2 expression in human colorectal cancers and any association with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 58 colorectal cancer patients with tumor resection and a control group of 30 subjects with normal colon mucosa. Results: Positivity for Adipo-R1/-R2 expression was significantly more common in the control group in comparison to the patient group (both p<0.001). There was no significant association between Adipo-R1/-R2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics including age, sex tumor location, pTNM stage, Duke's stage, metastasis, histological differentiation, perineural invasion, venous invasion sex, lymphatic invasion, cancer-related mortality, tumor size and recurrence. Adipo- R1/-R2 positivity was also not significantly linked to progression-free or overall survival [p values (0.871, 0.758) and (0.274, 0.232), respectively]. Conclusions: Although significantly reduced Adipo-R1/-R2 expression was found in colorectal cancer patients, it had no influence on survival.

Helicobacter pylori Infection and a P53 Codon 72 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: a Reason for an Unexplained Asian Enigma

  • Pandey, Renu;Misra, Vatsala;Misra, Sri Prakash;Dwivedi, Manisha;Misra, Alok
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.21
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    • pp.9171-9176
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    • 2014
  • Aim: P53, the most commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene in all types of human cancer, is involved in cell cycle arrest and control of apoptosis. Although p53 contains several polymorphic sites, the codon 72 polymorphism is by far more common. There are divergent reports but many studies suggest p53 pro/pro SNP may be associated with susceptibility to developing various cancers in different regions of the world. The present study aimed to find any correlation between H. pylori infection and progression of carcinogenesis, by studying apoptosis and the p53 gene in gastric biopsies from north Indian population. Materials and Methods: A total of 921 biopsies were collected and tested for prevalence of H. pylori by rapid urease test (RUT), imprint cytology and histology. Apoptosis was studied by the TUNEL method. Analysis of p53 gene polymorphism at codon 72 was accomplished by PCR using restriction enzyme BstU1. Observation: Out of 921 samples tested 56.7% (543) were H. pylori positive by the three techniques. The mean apoptotic index (AI) in the normal group was 2.12, while gastritis had the maximum 4.24 followed by gastric ulcer 2.28, gastropathy 2.22 and duodenal ulcer 2.08. Mean AI in cases with gastric cancer (1.72) was less than the normal group. The analysis of p53 72 SNP revealed that p53 (Arg/Arg), (Pro /Arg) variant are higher (40.59% & 33.66%) as compared to p53 pro/pro variant (25.74%) inthe healthy population. Conclusions: The North Indian population harbors Arg or Pro/Arg SNP that is capable of withstanding stress conditions; this may be the reason of low incidence of gastric disease in spite of high infection with H. pylori. There was no significant association with H. pylori infection and AI. However, there is increased apoptosis in gastritis which may occur independent of H. pylori or p53 polymorphism.

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Meta-analysis

  • Li, Lei;Wu, Bo;Yang, Li-Bo;Yin, Guan-Cheng;Liu, Ji-Yong
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.275-279
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    • 2013
  • Objectives: A number of studies have shown that chronic hepatitis B virus infection is implicated in susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. However, the results are still controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively assess the relationship between chronic hepatitis B virus infection and incidence of pancreatic cancer of cohort and case-control studies. Methods: A literature search was performed for entries from 1990 to 2012 using PUBMED and EMBASE. Studies were included if they reported odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% CIs of pancreatic cancer with respect to the infection of hepatitis B virus. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, which included five case-control studies and three cohort studies. Compared with individuals who have not infection of hepatitis B virus, the pooled OR of pancreatic cancer was 1.403 (95%CI: 1.139-1.729, P=0.001) for patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Sub-group analysis by study design showed that the summary OR was 1.43 (95%CI: 1.06-1.94, P=0.021) when pooling case-control studies and 1.31 (95%CI: 1.00-1.72, P=0.05) when pooling cohort studies. Conclusion: Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that chronic hepatitis B virus infection may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. This relationship needs to be confirmed by further follow-up studies.

Mesenteric Pseudocyst of the Small Bowel in Gastric Cancer Patient: A Case Report

  • Lee, Sang-Eok;Choi, In-Seok;Choi, Won-Jun;Yoon, Dae-Sung;Moon, Ju-Ik;Ra, Yu-Mi;Min, Hyun-Sik;Kim, Yong-Seok;Kim, Sun-Moon;Sohn, Jang-Sihn;Lee, Bong-Soo
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.43-45
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    • 2012
  • Mesenteric pseudocyst is rare. This term is used to describe the abdominal cystic mass, without the origin of abdominal organ. We presented a case of mesenteric pseudocyst of the small bowel in a 70-year-old man. Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy showed a 3.5 cm sized excavated lesion on the posterior wall of angle. Endocopic biopsy confirmed a histologic diagnosis of the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, which includes the signet ring cell component. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a focal mucosal enhancement in the posterior wall of angle of the stomach, a 2.4 cm sized enhancing mass on the distal small bowel loop, without distant metastases or ascites in rectal shelf, and multiple gallbladder stones. The patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy, segmental resection of the small bowel, and cholecystectomy. The final pathological diagnosis was mesenteric pseudocyst. This is the first case report describing incidentally detected mesenteric pseudocyst of the small bowel in gastric cancer patients.

Endoscopic Resection of Undifferentiated Early Gastric Cancer (미분화 조기위암의 내시경 절제술)

  • Kim, Jie-Hyun;Lee, Yong-Chan
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 2009
  • Endoscopic resection is one of the curative options for early gastric cancer. However, based on large-scale data about the risk of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer, endoscopic resection has been attempted for the following: differentiated intramucosal gastric cancer, regardless of size and without ulcers; differentiated intramucosal cancer, 30 mm in size with ulcers; minute submucosal differentiated cancer <30 mm in size; and undifferentiated intramucosal cancer, <20 mm in diameter without venous or lymphatic involvement. However, undifferentiated early gastric cancer exhibits different biologic behavior from differentiated early gastric cancer. Thus, the application of endoscopic resection for undifferentiated early gastric cancer remains controversial. In this review, we discuss the application of endoscopic resection for undifferentiated early gastric cancer based on analysis of biologic behavior and data of endoscopic resection.

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Impact of Age on Clinicopathological Features and Survival of Patients with Noncardia Gastric Adenocarcinoma

  • Bautista, Marita C.;Jiang, Sheng-Fang;Armstrong, Mary Anne;Postlethwaite, Debbie;Li, Dan
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.238-245
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: Gastric cancer often occurs in the elderly but is uncommon in young individuals. Whether young patients have different clinical behaviors and outcomes from those of older patients remain unclear. Materials and Methods: We identified 1,366 cases of newly diagnosed noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Cancer Registry between 2000 and 2010. We then compared the clinicopathological features and survival among the different age groups. Results: The male : female ratio differed significantly between the younger and older patient groups (0.84 in age <50 years vs. 1.52>60 years, P<0.01). More younger patients were Hispanic (54% patients <40 years vs. 19% patients ${\geq}70$ years, P<0.0001), while more older patients were Caucasian (49% patients ${\geq}70$ years vs. 15% patients <40 years; P<0.0001). The diffuse/mixed histological type was more prevalent in younger patients (70% patients <40 years vs. 27% patients ${\geq}70$ years; P<0.0001), whereas the intestinal type was more frequent in older patients (71% in patients ${\geq}70$ years vs. 30% in patients <40 years; P<0.0001). Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was more common in the younger patients (80% in patients <40 years vs. 60% in patients ${\geq}70$ years; P=0.016). Survival rates at 1, 2, and 5 years gradually declined with increasing age (overall P=0.0002). Conclusions: Young patients with gastric cancer had more aggressive disease but higher overall survival rates than older patients. Younger Hispanic patients and older Caucasian patients were more likely to be diagnosed with gastric cancer. These differences may be due to biological predisposition and/or environmental exposure.

The Administration of Jeungmiyijin-tang to Rats with Induced Gastro Reflux Esophagitis (증미이진탕(增味二陳湯) 투여가 역류성 식도염 유발 생쥐에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Seul-ki;Lim, Seong-woo
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.37 no.6
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    • pp.1030-1041
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: This study investigated the administration of Jeungmiyijin-tang (JYT) to rats with reflux esophagitis (RE) induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation operations. Methods: Twenty laboratory rats were divided into three groups with 5~7 rats in each group. The control group consisted of rats with no inflammation (CON). The RE group had rats with gastroesophageal reflux elicited by pylorus and forestomach ligation operations. The JYT group had rats that were orally administered Jeungmiyijin-tang (1.5 ml/day/300 g) once a day for 14 days before reflux esophagitis was induced by the pylorus and forestomach ligation operations. Six hours after the operations, the rats were sacrificed, morphological changes were observed, and histological examinations were done in the stomach and esophagus lesion areas. If apoptosis was observed, the apoptotic cells in the esophagus lesion areas were counted. Results: The morphological and histochemical changes consisted of various injuries from hemorrhagic erosion in the RE group, while there were significantly fewer in the JYT group. The RE group marked increases of gastric mucosa erosion and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the submucosa, as well as cell division in the epithelial layer, the proliferation and degranulation of mast cells, and increases in the IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, and MMP-9 expressions in the esophagus of the rats. The JYT group was inhibited above expression compared with the RE group. Apoptosis was statistically significantly decreased in the JYT group compared with the RE group. Conclusions: According to the above results, it appears that Jeungmiyijin-tang inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and MMP-9) and apoptosis in the esophagus mucosa, thereby preventing esophageal mucosal damage from esophageal reflux.

Trichomonas vaginalis Metalloproteinase Induces mTOR Cleavage of SiHa Cells

  • Quan, Juan-Hua;Choi, In-Wook;Yang, Jung-Bo;Zhou, Wei;Cha, Guang-Ho;Zhou, Yu;Ryu, Jae-Sook;Lee, Young-Ha
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.52 no.6
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    • pp.595-603
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    • 2014
  • Trichomonas vaginalis secretes a number of proteases which are suspected to be the cause of pathogenesis; however, little is understood how they manipulate host cells. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell growth, cell proliferation, cell motility, cell survival, protein synthesis, and transcription. We detected various types of metalloproteinases including GP63 protein from T. vaginalis trophozoites, and T. vaginalis GP63 metalloproteinase was confirmed by sequencing and western blot. When SiHa cells were stimulated with live T. vaginalis, T. vaginalis excretory-secretory products (ESP) or T. vaginalis lysate, live T. vaginalis and T. vaginalis ESP induced the mTOR cleavage in both time-and parasite load-dependent manner, but T. vaginalis lysate did not. Pretreatment of T. vaginalis with a metalloproteinase inhibitor, 1,10-phenanthroline, completely disappeared the mTOR cleavage in SiHa cells. Collectively, T. vaginalis metallopeptidase induces host cell mTOR cleavage, which may be related to survival of the parasite.

Production of IL-1β and Inflammasome with Up-Regulated Expressions of NOD-Like Receptor Related Genes in Toxoplasma gondii-Infected THP-1 Macrophages

  • Chu, Jia-Qi;Shi, Ge;Fan, Yi-Ming;Choi, In-Wook;Cha, Guang-Ho;Zhou, Yu;Lee, Young-Ha;Quan, Juan-Hua
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.54 no.6
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    • pp.711-717
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    • 2016
  • Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that stimulates production of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which are important for innate immunity. NLRs, i.e., nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, play a crucial role as innate immune sensors and form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes, which mediate caspase-1-dependent processing of $pro-IL-1{\beta}$. To elucidate the role of inflammasome components in T. gondiiinfected THP-1 macrophages, we examined inflammasome-related gene expression and mechanisms of inflammasome-regulated cytokine $IL-1{\beta}$ secretion. The results revealed a significant upregulation of $IL-1{\beta}$ after T. gondii infection. T. gondii infection also upregulated the expression of inflammasome sensors, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRP6, NLRP8, NLRP13, AIM2, and NAIP, in a time-dependent manner. The infection also upregulated inflammasome adaptor protein ASC and caspase-1 mRNA levels. From this study, we newly found that T. gondii infection regulates NLRC4, NLRP6, NLRP8, NLRP13, AIM2, and neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein (NAIP) gene expressions in THP-1 macrophages and that the role of the inflammasome-related genes may be critical for mediating the innate immune responses to T. gondii infection.

Cytomegalovirus-induced Childhood Menetrier's Disease with Peripheral Eosinophilia (호산구 증가증을 동반한 거대세포바이러스 감염 소아 Menetrier병 1례)

  • Choi, Won Joung;Lee, Bo Young;Lee, Hee Jung;Oh, Hoon Kyu;Hwang, Jin Bok
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.87-91
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    • 2004
  • Herein, the case of a 5-year-old boy with cytomegalovirus-induced Menetrier's disease, with peripheral eosinophilia, presenting with abdominal pain and vomiting, followed by generalized edema, is reported. The initial laboratory findings, hypoalbuminemia and peripheral eosinophilia were noted, with no evidence of renal, hepatic, cardiac or allergic diseases. Gastrofiberscopy was performed under the suspicion of eosinophilic gastroenteritis with protein losing gastropathy. The gastrofiberscopy showed the characteristic features of giant hypertrophy of the gastric rugae, with large quantities of adherent gelatinous material on the gastric fundus and body. The histological findings revealed foveolar hyperplasia, compatible with Menetrier's disease, with massive eosinophilic infiltrations. The presence of cytomegalovirus infection was identified by serology and confirmed by urine PCR. His symptoms, gastrofiberscopic findings and peripheral eosinophilia resolved spontaneously, and he has remained well for 10 months.

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