• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.883-892
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• 2018

Probiotics, including Enterococcus faecium, confer a health benefit on the host. An Enterococcus strain was isolated from healthy chicken cecum, identified as E. faecium by 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis, and designated as E. faecium L11. To evaluate the potential of E. faecium L11 as a probiotic, the gastrointestinal tolerance, immunomodulatory activity, and lifespan extension properties of the strain were assayed. E. faecium L11 showed >66% and >62% survival in artificial gastric juice (0.3% pepsin, pH 2.5) and simulated small intestinal juice (0.5% bile salt and 0.1% pancreatin), respectively. Heat-killed E. faecium L11 significantly (p < 0.05) increased immune cell proliferation compared with controls, and stimulated the production of cytokines (IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$) by activated macrophages obtained from ICR mice. In addition, E. faecium L11 showed a protective effect against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in Caenorhabditis elegans. In addition, feeding E. faecium L11 significantly (p < 0.05) extended the lifespan of C. elegans compared with the control. Furthermore, genes related to aging and host defense were upregulated in E. faecium L11-fed worms. In conclusion, E. faecium L11, which prolongs the lifespan of C. elegans, may be a potent probiotic supplement for livestock.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.638-646
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• 1993

A cepfialosporin with an aminothiazoiylmethoxyimino-type side chain at the 7 position and bicyclic quinolone dithicarbamate at the 3' position was synthesized. It has broad and potent antivacterial activity in vitro. The antibacterial spectrum reflects contributions of both the cephalosporin moiety and the quinolone moiety. Thus, this compound was named DACD implying a dualaction cephalosporin derivative. In this paper, the physicochemical proper-ties (lipid-water partition, pKa), stability and pharmacokinetics of DACD were determined and compared with cefotaxime 3'-norfloxacin dithiocarbamate (CENO). Stability tests were studied in pH 1.20, 6.80 and 8.00 buffers and in the presence of AB type human plasma, rat liver homogenate and its .betha.-lactamase. The pharmacokinetic parameters of DACD were evaluated in mice after a single intravenous dose of 40 mg/kg. The results are as follows. The lipid-water partition coefficient of DACD was higher than that of CENO. The calculated pKa values of CENO and DACD, were 6.82$\pm$0.03, 7.53$\pm$0.21, respectively. In the hydrolysis test, half-lives (t$^{1/2}$) of CENO and DACD was 66.0 hr and 80.0 hr in pH 6.80 buffer, 190 hr and 91.4 hr in pH 8.00 buffer. CENO and DACD were rapidly hydrolyzed in human plasma and in rat liver hornogenate. Half-lives (t$_{1/2}$ of CENO and DACD were 1.29 hr and 1.15 hr in hyman plasma, 0.62 hr and 0.71 hr rat liver homogenate. In $\beta$-lactamase stability test, CENO and DACD were very stable to the .betha.-lactamases obtained from three different strains. Half-life (t$_{1/2}$) and areas under the curve (AUC) in mice were 2.33 hr and 15.97 (mg.h/1), respectively.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.967-982
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• 2021

Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, provide a health benefit to the host and are considered safe. Most probiotic strains that are beneficial to human health are included in the "Lactic acid bacteria" (LAB) group. The positive effects of probiotic bacteria on the host's health are species-specific and even strain-specific. Therefore, evaluating the probiotic potential of both wild and novel strains is essential. In this study, the probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus brevis KT38-3 were determined. The strain identification was achieved by 16S rRNA sequencing. API-ZYM test kits were used to determine the enzymatic capacity of the strain. L. brevis KT38-3 was able to survive in conditions with a broad pH range (pH 2-7), range of bile salts (0.3%-1%) and conditions that simulated gastric juice and intestinal juice. The percentage of autoaggregation (59.4%), coaggregation with E. coli O157:H7 (37.4%) and hydrophobicity were determined to be 51.1%, 47.4%, and 52.7%, respectively. L. brevis KT38-3 produced β-galactosidase enzymes and was able ferment lactose. In addition, this strain was capable of producing antimicrobial peptides against the bacteria tested, including methicillin and/or vancomycin-resistant bacteria. The cell-free supernatants of the strain had high antioxidant activities (DPPH: 54.9% and ABTS: 48.7%). Therefore, considering these many essential in vitro probiotic properties, L. brevis KT38-3 has the potential to be used as a probiotic supplement. Supporting these findings with in vivo experiments to evaluate the potential health benefits will be the subject of our future work.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.1528-1533
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 한의학 이론에 근거한 법제(포제)의 가공처리과정을 거친 생강과 일반생강의 위손상 억제효과를 알아보고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐에 HCl-ethanol로 급성위염을 유도하고, 이에 대한 위손상 억제효과를 검토하였다. 생강과 법제생강을 70% ethanol로 열수 추출 및 농축하여 실험에 사용하였고, 생강과 법제생강 투여군 모두 유의적인 위손상 억제효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 생강 저농도와 법제생강 저농도의 위손상 억제율은 40.2%, 64.9%, 생강 고농도와 법제생강 고농도의 위손상 억제율은 68.4%, 99.6%로 법제생강 투여군이 생강 투여군보다 위손상 억제효과가 증가되었다. 특히 법제생강 고농도의 위손상 억제율은 대조약물인 cimetidine의 74.9%보다 높은 99.6%를 나타내었다. 위액분비량은 생강과 법제생강을 투여한 군 모두 유의적으로 감소하였고, 법제생강 투여군의 위액분비량(0.32 mL, 2.69 mL)이 생강 투여군(2.66 mL, 3.23 mL)보다 유의적으로 감소되었다(p<0.05). 위액 pH는 법제생강 고농도가 유의성 있게 증가하였고, 유리산도는 cimetidine과 법제생강 고농도에서 유의성 있게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 생강과 법제생강의 투여 용량의 증가에 따라 위손상 억제효과가 증가하였으며, 특히 법제생강고농도는 대조약물인 cimetidine보다도 높은 위손상 억제효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 생강은 위손상 억제효과가 있음을 확인하였고, 법제의 가공과정에 의해 생강의 위손상 억제효과가 더 증가되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2000

우리나라 고유의 염건품인 굴비를 섭취하였을 때 체내에서 생성되는 NA를 예측하기 위해서 인공타액과 위액을 혼합하여 37。C에서 2시간동안 배양한 굴비의 인공소화물로부터 NA를 분석하였고, 동시에 nitrite, thiocyanate 및 ascorbic acid가 공존할 경우 NA생성에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. 굴비시료에 인공타액과 위액을 가하여 소화시킨 인공소화물에서는 N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)이 전혀 검출되지 않았으나, nitrite농도를 증가시킬수록 이에 비례하여 NDMA의 생성은 증가하였다. 굴비시료에 thiocyanate를 농도별(0∼6.4 mM)로 첨가하여 인공소화 시킨 결과 nitrite첨가량에 비례하여 NDMA 생성이 증가되었으나, 고농도의 nitrite(100 mM)를 함유한 시료에 thiocyanate를 8mM이상 첨가한 경우에는 뚜렷한 촉매효과를 나타내지 않았다. 반면에 10g의 굴비시료에 ascorbic acid를 농도별로 첨가한 인공 소화물에서 NDMA생성억제를 실험한 결과 nitrite농도가 0.5 및 1 mM인 경우에는 NDMA의 생성을 억제시키지 못하였으나 nitrite와 ascorbic acid의 농도가 높아짐에 따라 비례적으로 NDMA 생성억제도 뛰어났다.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2008

Background: In relation to a diagnosis of Korean Medicine, heat-cold is one of the most important indicators for evaluation. In spite of this importance, there has not been the study that tries to examine the change of indicators in an electrogastrography (EGG) according to the heat-cold patternization. Objective: The objective of this study is to establish the correlation between the heat-cold patternization and indicators of EGG by means of Standardized Questionnaire for Heat-Cold Patternization. Method: To conduct this study, we used the method as follows: Before conducting EGG, subjects were requested to give answers to the questionnaire which was developed by Kim. Before EGG, subjects were demanded to fast for more than 8 hours and then eat the test meal. Before eating the test meal(test meal: two slices of bread, 4oz of apple juice), EGG signals were detected for 30 minutes, and then subjects could eat the test meal for 10 minutes. After eating the test meal, EGG signals were detected for 30 minutes. Results: 1. There was a negative correlation between heat score and the power ratio of channel 1 and channel 2 of EGG. There was a positive correlation between cold score and the power ratio of channel 1 of EGG. 2. There was a positive correlation between heat score and pre-prandial gastric arrhythmia in the channel 1, 2 and 4 of EGG. There was a negative correlation between cold score and post-prandial gastric arrhythmia in the channel 1, 2 and 3 of EGG. 3. There was a negative correlation between heat score and normal pre-prandial gastric slow wave in the channel 1, 2 and 4 of EGG. There was a positive correlation between cold score and normal post-prandial gastric slow wave in the channel 3 of EGG. Conclusions: From the results above, we could conclude as follows: Indicators of EGG and cold score presented a positive correlation, and heat score displayed a negative correlation. As a result, to apply EGG to a diagnosis of functional indigestion, the application of EGG to subjects who have heat patternization would increase the reliability of a diagnosis.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1017-1024
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 까마귀쪽나무열매추출물(LJF-HE)의 흰쥐모델에서 인도메타신으로 유발되어지는 위염에 대한 억제효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 까마귀쪽나무열매추출물 투여그룹(LJF-HE-L, LJF-HE-M, LJF-HE-H)에서 염증길이와 위액량이 control 그룹에 비하여 통계적으로 유의하게 감소한 결과를 얻었다. 또한 위액량의 유의적인 감소효과로 위산분비가 억제되어 공격인자 작용이 약해지는 원인과 펩신의 활성도를 낮추는 원인으로 인하여 위염발생을 억제하는 것으로 판단되어진다. 까마귀쪽나무열매추출물(LJF-HE)의 위산 분비 억제 기능은 gastrin 및 histamine에 의해 발현되는 CCK-2r와 H2r 유전자의 발현을 억제하여, gastrin 및 histamine에 의한 위산 생성 단계를 조절하여, proton pump인 H+/K+ ATPase 유전자 발현을 억제시키며, 그 결과로 인하여 위산 분비를 억제하는 것으로 판단되어진다. 그리고 까마귀쪽나무열매추출물은 점액을 증가시켜 위 점막을 보호하는 PGE2의 함량을 높여, 위 점막 보호 기능을 나타내고 있으며, 더불어 염증성 cytokine인 TNF-${\alpha}$와 IL-$1{\beta}$의 생성을 낮춰주어 염증 매개반응을 저해하는 것으로 판단되어진다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합하면 까마귀쪽나무열매추출물(LJF-HE)이 인도메타신으로 유발되어지는 위염에 대한 억제효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1985

Pivampicillin hydrochloride is a kind of broad spectrum antibiotics with bactericidal action, and is used in many countries, although it has bitter taste, unpleasant odour and side effects of irritating gastric mucosa, nausea, penicillin allergy, etc. For the improvement of such side effects of pivampicillin hydrochloride, microcapsules, with wall of ethylcellulose, have been prepared by coacervation method. The shape was observed through the scanning electron microscope, the release of the drug into an aqueous medium was studied and the effects of core: ethylcellulose ratio were interpreted as well as making sensory evaluation of taste and odour. There was decreasing trend in dissolution rate of the drug with the increase of core: ethylcellulose ratios, and the smaller microcapsules released their contents more rapidly. A linear relationship was established between the amount of ethylcellulose and the time for 60% release of the drug, and the release pattern was found to have similar characteristics to the release of the drug from an insoluble porous matrix. The release of the drug in the artificial intestinal fluids (pH 6.8) was found to be similar to that in water, while the release in the artificial gastric juice (pH 1.2) was slightly slower. Bioavailability of microcapsule was compared with that of pivampicillin hydrochloride in rabbits using serum concentration and urinary excretion measurements. Microcapsule gave showed slightly higher serum level than pivampicillin hydrochloride from 2 hours after administration, while no significant difference was observed in the accumulated urinary excretion rate between pivampicillin hydrochloride and microcapsule. The ulcer index of pivampicillin hydrochloride administered group was 2.6, and microcapsule administered group was 1.5, while control group was 0.8. Therefore it may be concluded that microencapsulation of pivampicillin hydrochloride is a useful pharmaceutical approach to protect the gastrointestinal tract from being injured by direct contact of pivampicillin hydrochloride without any significant difference of bioavailability.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제20권3호spc1호
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• pp.51-76
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• 1990

It is sometimes said lately that the pH of the human gastric juice is significantly different among individuals. Thus, the dissolution behavior of coated solid dosage forms should preferably be independent of the pH of the test solution. With these points as a background, the effect of pH on the dissolution velocity of coated tablets was studied to compare that of Pharmacoat with other gastric soluble film coating materials. Three viscosity types of Pharmacoat have been available(3, 6 and 15cP) until now. the 6cP type has been considered to be the most suitable for a tablet coating amongst the three types. The 3 cP type with a low degree of polymerization, is capable of providing high concentration, but the film strength is so inferior that sometimes cracking of the film may occur. On the other hand, in the case of the 15cP type, high polymer concentration cannot be achieved because of the high dgree of polymerization, and thus it is uneconomical for coating. Now, there is a strong demand to reduce the coating time even when HPMC is used in the 6cP type in order to reduce the coating cost. In order to improve this problem, we have concentrated our attention on reducing the viscosity value of HPMC to an allowable lower limit from 6cP. As a result of this study, it was found that the reduction of the viscosity value to around 4.5cP enabled the use of a higher solution concentration and an incidental shorter coating time without giving any substantial adverse effects on the properties of coated preparations. These experiment results are presented in the later part of this presentation. Based on this study, we have added the viscosity type of 4.5cP as one of the Pharmacoat products as Pharmacoat-645.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.334-344
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• 2014

백김치로부터 분리된 유산균으로 제조된 요구르트를 냉장 보관하는 동안 미생물학적 및 물리화학적 특성 및 Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504에 대한 항균 활성을 조사하였다. 요구르트의 유산균수, 적정산도, 점도 및 총 고형물 함량은 사용된 균주에 따라 유의적인 차이가 있었으나, 발효 직후부터 7일간 저장하는 동안 유의할만한 차이 없이 일정하게 유지되었다. Lactobacillus brevis BK11과 Lactobacillus paracasei BK57 균주로 발효시킨 요구르트는 인공 위액과 담즙액에 대해 다른 균주들 보다 강한 저항성을 보였다. 한편, 이들 유산균으로 제조한 요구르트 내에 존재하는 유산 생성량은 상대적으로 높았으므로 H. pylori와 혼합 배양한 결과 대조구에 비해 유의적인 항균 효과를 나타낸 것으로 추정되었다. 특히, L. brevis BK11에 의해 발효시킨 요구르트에 의해선 AGS 세포에 대한 H. pylori의 부착을 억제할 수 있었고, 이들이 생산하는 urease의 활성을 낮추는데도 효과적이라는 것을 확인하였다.