• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 2007

Otolaryngological manifestations of acid reflux include a wide range of pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms ; and the constellation of symptoms has been called laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). In the absence of definite diagnostic criteria, LPR disease remains a subjective entity. A diagnosis of LPR is usually based on response of symptoms to empirical treatment. Investigative modalities such as pH monitoring and, more recently, impedance studies are generally reserved for treatment failures. LPR usually requires more aggressive and prolonged treatment to achieve regression of both symptoms and laryngeal findings. The suppression of gastric acid and secretion with anti-secretary agents has been the mainstay of medical treatment for patients with acid-related disorders. The suppression of gastric acid secretion achieved with Hz-receptor antagonist $(H_2RA)$ has proved suboptimal for relief of reflux symptoms. The rapid development of tolerance and rebound acid hypersecretion after the with-drawal of $H_2RA$ limit their clinical use. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have been proved to be very effective for suppressing intragastric acidity, but the optimal dose and duration is unknown. Current evidence indicates that pharmacologic intervention should include, at a minimum, a 3 month trial of twice daily PPI. Symptoms of LPR improve over 2 months of therapy. The physical findings of LPR resolve more slowly than the symptoms and this continues through out at least 6 months of treatment. For most patients with LPR, twice daily dosing with a PPI is usually recommended for an initial treatment for a period of no less than 6 months treatment, and lifetime treatment may be required.

• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2016

The aimed of the presence study was to determine the antiulcer potential of virgin coconut oil (VCO), either extracted by wet process (VCO_A) or fermentation process (VCO_B), and to compare their effectiveness against the copra oil (CO) using the HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. Earlier, the oils underwent chemical analysis to determine the free fatty acids composition, physicochemical properties and anti-oxidant capability. In the antiulcer study, rats (n=6) were pre-treated orally for 7 consecutive days with distilled water (vehicle), 100 mg/kg ranitidine (positive group) or the respective oils (10, 50, and 100% concentration). One hour after the last test solutions administration on Day 7^th, the animals were subjected to the gastric ulcer assay. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were performed on the collected rat's stomachs. From the results obtained, the chemical analysis revealed i) the presence of high content of lauric acid followed by myristic acid and palmitic acid in all oils and; ii) the significant (^*p< 0.05) different in anisidine- and peroxide-value, percentage of free fatty acid, total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity among the oils. The animal study demonstrated that all oil possess significant (^*p< 0.05) antiulcer activity with VCO_B being the most effective oil followed by VCO_A and CO. The macroscopic observations were supported by the microscopic findings. Interestingly, all oils were more effective than 100 mg/kg ranitidine (reference drug). In conclusion, coconut oils exert remarkable antiulcer activity depending on their methods of extraction, possibly via the modulation of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.334-344
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics, and the antagonistic activity against Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504, of yogurt fermented with the lactic acid bacteria from Baikkimchi kept under cold storage. The viable cell counts, titratable acidity, viscosity, and total solid content of the yogurt were different according to the bacterial strains used for fermentation. There was no significant change (P>0.05) in the various properties of refrigerated yogurt. Among the tested strains, the strongest resistance against artificial gastric juice and bile salt was found for Lactobacillus brevis BK11 and Lactobacillus paracasei BK57. Due to high lactic acid levels obtained from these two lactic acid bacteria, yogurt may show good anti-Helicobacter effects according to the time-kill assay. In particular, yogurt fermented with L. brevis BK11 significantly reduced the number of H. pylori adhering to gastric epithelial AGS cells and the urease activity of this pathogen (P<0.05).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6447-6453
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• 2012

Background: The mucin components of the gastric gel layer function as a protective and lubricating factor against luminal acid and proteolytic enzymes. Alteration of mucin expression in gastric preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions has suggested potential roles in neoplastic processes. This study aimed to assess the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of MUC-2, MUC-4 and MUC-5AC in Japanese gastric cancer. Methods: Expression of MUC-2, -4 and -5AC was evaluated on tissue microarrays of gastric carcinomas and adjacent non-cancerous mucosa specimens by immunohistochemistry and compared with clinicopathological parameters and survival time of the patients. Results: The three mucins were found to be expressed to a lesser extent in gastric carcinomas in comparison with non-cancerous mucosa (p<0.05). MUC-2 expression was negatively correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, and TNM staging of gastric cancer (p<0.05), while that of MUC-5AC was negatively associated with the depth of invasion, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (p<0.05), but positively with MUC-4 and MUC-2 expression (p<0.05). There was higher MUC-2 expression in intestinal- than diffuse-type carcinomas (p<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated no relationship between expression of the three mucins and the cumulative survival rate of patients, even stratified according to the depth of invasion (p>0.05). Conclusion: Down-regulated expression of MUC-2, -4 and -5AC may be involved in pathogenesis, invasion, metastasis or differentiation of gastric carcinoma. Their altered expression might therefore be employed as an indicator of pathobiological behavior.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the anti-ulcer effect of an standardized herbal extracts mixture of Inulae Flos and Paeoniae Radix (HT074) on acidified ethanol induced gastric injury and its potential mechanisms. Methods : Antioxidant activities of HT074 and its constituents were measured by DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging capacity. After the oral administration of HT074 at doses of 100, 300 mg/kg twice per day for 14 days, Gastric lesions were induced by oral administration of acidified ethanol in Sprague Dawley rats. Oxidative stress markers, such as super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, concentrations of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in gastric mucosal tissues. Additionally, the expression of human mucin gene, Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) mRNA in gastric mucosal tissues was measured. Results : HT074 showed dose dependent radical scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals. Oral administration of HT074 300 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days significantly decreased gastric lesions and histological damages induced by HCl/EtOH in rats. HT074 treatment significantly increased the activity of SOD (300 mg/kg) and concentration of GSH (100 and 300 mg/kg), however catalase concentration was not significantly increased. MUC5AC mRNA expression was significantly increased by HT074 100, 300 mg/kg treatment. Conclusions : HT074 protects the gastric mucosa from oxidative stress caused by acidified ethanol by increasing the activity of SOD, concentration of GSH and mucin biosynthesis. These findings suggest that HT074 could be an effective candidate for prevention and treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.57-62
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• 2019

Objective : Gastritis is a major complication of gastrointestinal disease. Lonicera japonica is used in folk medicine to treat different diseases such as exopathogenic wind-heat, epidemic febrile diseases, sores, carbuncles and some infectious diseases. Therefore, this study examined the effects of Lonicera japonica water extract (LJE) on HCl/ethano-linduced acute gastric ulceration and anti-oxidants properties. Methods : LC-ESI-IT-TOF MS was employed for rapid identification of major compound from LJE. The antioxidant activities were evaluated through total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and radical scavenging assays and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. SD rats were randomly divided into five different groups including the normal group, ulcer group, positive group (20 kg/mg of omeprazole, ip), and experimental groups (100 kg/mg and 500 kg/mg of LJE, ip). Results : 4,5-Dicaffeoyl quinic acid, loganic acid, secologanic acid, sweroside, loganin, vogeloside were identified based on the detection of the molecular ion with those of literature data. The LJE was possessed free radical scavenging activities such as DPPH (IC₅₀=189.7 ㎍/㎖), ABTS (IC₅₀=164.5 ㎍/㎖), and SOD-like activity (IC₅₀=405.02 ㎍/㎖). Macroscopic and histological analyses showed LJE treated group were significantly reduced to an extent that it allowed leukocytes penetration of the gastric walls compared with the ulcer group. In addition, an ulcer inhibition rate and prostaglandin E₂ levels were increased in rats treated with LJE. Conclusion : The present study has demonstrated the antioxidantive and gastroprotective effect of LJE, these findings suggested that LJE has the potential for use in treatment of gastric disorders.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2006

Seventeen lactic acid bacterial strains (LAB) were isolated using MRS agar medium from Jeotgal, a Korean fermented food, purchased at the Jukdo market of Pohang. To identify the strains isolated, they were tested by examining their cell morphologies, gram-staining, catalase activity, arginine hydrolase activity, D-L lactate form and carbohydrate fermentation. According to the phenotypic characteristics, three strains were tentatively identified as Lactobacillus spp., ten were Enterococcus spp. (or Streptococcus spp., or Pediococcus spp.) and the rest were Leuconostoc spp. (or Weissella spp.). Five strains among 17 were chosen by preliminary bacteriocin activity test. Four bacterial strains which inhibited both indicator microorganisms were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results are as follows; Leuconostoc mesenteroides (HK 4), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (HK 5), Leuconostoc mesenteroides(HK 11), Streptococcus salivarius(HK 8). In order to check LAB which are showing a high survival rate in gut, we investigated three strains inhibiting both indicator microorganisms in artificial gastric acid and bile juice -all except HK8. The three strains mentioned above grew in extreme low acid conditions.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2014

Purpose: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been shown to improve survival in select patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastases. It remains unclear, however, whether this multimodal treatment protocol is also beneficial for signet-ring cell gastric cancer (SRC) patients with peritoneal metastases. Materials and Methods: Clinical data of patients scheduled for upfront systemic chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU (2,600 $mg/m^2$), folinic acid (200 $mg/m^2$), docetaxel (50 $mg/m^2$), and oxaliplatin (85 $mg/m^2$) followed by CRS and HIPEC using cisplatin (50 $mg/m^2$) at the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital T$\ddot{u}$bingen, Germany were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Eighteen consecutive patients for whom irresectability has been ruled out by a computed tomography scan were enrolled. However, complete cytoreduction could only be achieved in 72% of patients. When categorizing patients with respect to the completeness of cytoreduction, we found no difference between both groups considering tumor- or patient-related factors. The overall complication rate following complete cytoreduction and HIPEC was 46%. Within a median follow-up of 6.6 (0.5~31) months, the median survival for CRS and HIPEC patients was 8.9 months as opposed to 1.1 months for patients where complete cytoreduction could not be achieved. Following complete cytoreduction and HIPEC, progression-free survival was 6.2 months. Conclusions: In SRC with peritoneal metastases, the prognosis appears to remain poor irrespective of complete CRS and HIPEC. Moreover, complete cytoreduction could not be achieved in a considerable percentage of patients. In SRC, CRS and HIPEC should be restricted to highly selective patients in order to avoid exploratory laparotomy.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2010

The leaves of Madhuca (M.) indica J.f.Gmel. (Sapotaceae) have been used traditionally in folk medicine due to its astringent properties and are effective in treatment of eczema and snake bites. Methanolic extract of M. indica is rich in tannins and has been proven experimentally to possess antibacterial activity. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-ulcer and antioxidant activity of M. indica in rats. The methanolic extract of leaves of M. indica was tested at various doses (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) for its effect on gastric secretion and gastric ulcers in pylorus-ligation and on ethanol- induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. The significant reduction in ulcer index in both the models along with an increase in the pH of the gastric fluid and mucin content of stomach, and the acid secretory parameters such as total acidity and volume of gastric fluid were also significantly reduced along with reduction in the pepsin activity in pylorusligated rats proved the anti-ulcer activity of M. indica. The increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione and decrease in lipid peroxidation in both the models proved the antioxidant activity of M. indica. Thus it can be concluded that M. indica possesses anti-ulcer activity, which can be attributed to its antioxidant mechanism of action.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study is To investigate the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST36) and Weishu(BL21) Methods : serum gastrin level by radioimmunoassay was measured at 5 days after acupuncture and moxibustion of those acupoints. Gastric endocrine cell(G cell and Histamine immunoreactive density) by avidin-biotinylated complex(ABC) technique, histological examinations(Alcian Blue-PAS Stain; Alcian blue-Periodic Acid Schiff reagent) of the gastric mucosa were also performed. Acupuncture applied to the ST36 acupoint increased gastrin level of serum, but moxibustion did not produced significant effect. All of acupuncture and moxibustion at BL21 acupoint increased gastrin level of serum significantly. In moxibustion at ST36 and BL21, the number of gastrin secreting cells in gastric mucosa, the density of immunoreactive histamin secreting cells and the density of body mucosa stained by PAS were decreased compare to acupuncture at ST36 and BL21. In acupuncture and moxibustion at BL21, the density of pylorus mucosa stained by PAS were increased compare to the groups applied to ST36. In the density of body mucosa stained by AB, moxibustion at BL21 and ST36 were increased compare to the other groups. Results : These data suggest that acupuncture and moxibustion at BL21 increased gastrin level of serum and those effects were more potent than acupuncture at ST36.