• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2007

Gasohol, which is combined solution of gasoline and ethanol, is difficult to apply to the field, because it usually brings phase separation by mingling of water. We investigated phase separation by adding different concentrations of "Ethanol", anhydrous and fermentative, to "Gasolines", gasoline, gasoline base and naphtha, Placing ethanol itself open to the air, the concentrations of water are increased in length of time. The phase separation temperatures of the gasolines-ethanol solutions have dropped in the following order : gasoline, gasoline base and naphtha. When adding water to the solutions of gasolines and anhydrous ethanol, the temperatures of phase separation is higher when the concentration of water increases more. Thus, it is obvious that the water is sensitive in phase separation.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.524-534
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• 2013

Gasoline direct injection(GDI) engine has a high thermal efficiency, but it has a problem to increase carbon emissions such as soot and $CO_x$. In this study, the objective is to analyze numerically a problem for adding the hydrogen during the intake stroke so as to reduce the injected amount of gasoline in GDI engines. For selection of the base model, the cylinder pressure of simulation is matched to experimental data. The numerical analysis are carried out by a CFD model with the hydrogen addition of 2%, 3% and 4% on the volume basis. In the case of 3% hydrogen addition, the injected gasoline amount is only changed to match the maximum pressure of simulation to that of the base model for additional study. It is found that the combustion temperature and pressure increase with the hydrogen addition. And NO emission also increases because of the higher combustion temperature. $CO_x$ emissions, however, are reduced due to the decrease of injected gasoline amount. Also, as the injected gasoline amount is reduced for the same hydrogen addition ratio, the gross indicated work is no significant, But NO and $CO_x$ emissions are considerably decreased. On the order hand, $CO_x$ emissions of two cases are more decreased and their gross indicated works are higher obtained than those of the base model.

• 연구논문집
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• s.25
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• pp.129-135
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• 1995

This study discribes characteristics of water spray for extinguishment of gasoline pool fire. Experiments are carried out for the gasoline pool fire in a small tank with a diameter of 150mm and a height of 8mm. Droplet size, spray pressure, amount of water which reaches the flame base and velocity of water spray are measured to find extinguishment conditions and air entrainment due to the water spray is visualized. Critical conditions of water spray for extinguishment of gasoline pool fire is quantitatively shown.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.10-16
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• 1995

This study discribes characteristics of water spray for extinguishment of gasoline fire. Experiments are carried out for the gasoline pool fire nth the atomizing nozzles. Droplet size, spray pressure, amount of water which reaches the flame base and velocity of water spray are measured to find extinguishment conditions. Air entrainment due to the water spray and extinguishing process of gasoline fire by water spray are visualized. Boundary conditions of water spray for extinguishment of gasoline pool fire is quantitatively shown. As the result of experiments, it is found that the velocity of entrainment air and sprayed water are almost same and the water droplets size having small diameter under 40$\mu\textrm{m}$ can not extinguish the fire because too small droplets does not reach the fuel surface.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.252-256
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• 2008

We investigated phase separation by adding different concentrations of MTBE, to the mixtures of naphtha, ethanol and water. The phase separation temperatures of the Naphtha-Ethanol-Water solutions have dropped when the concentration of MTBE increases more. When adding IPA and IBA to the solutions of Gasoline-Ethanol and Gasoline base-Ethanol individually, IBA shows lower temperatures of phase separation than IPA, and it shows synergistic effect when mixtures of IPA and IBA is applied.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2005

Even though a relatively complete knowledge base has been established for diesel sprays, much of the knowledge cannot be directly translated to correlate the characteristics of gasoline spray. The macroscopic characteristics of gasoline impingement spray was investigated with photographic and image processing technique by Particle Motion Analysis System. The injector with single hole nozzle diameter of 0.28 mm was used in this experiment and the injection duration was selected as 10 msec. The injection pressure with 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4 MPa, impingement distance or 70, 100 and 130m, impingement angle or 0.15, 30 and $45^{\circ}$ were employed for the variables to affect the spray characteristics of impinging spray. It is clear that there is the analogy on the spray tip penetration between the gasoline impinging jet and diesel free jet. The spray tip penetration of impinging gasoline spray is proportional to the quarter power of the time after start of injection. The maximum height of impinging gasoline spray is also proportional to the quarter power of the time regardless of impingement distance, impingement angle and injection pressure. In addition, the effect of impingement angle on the spray tip penetration is significant according to the time after start of injection, even though there is minor effect in the initial stage of time after start of injection. Moreover, there is no remarkable effect of injection pressure on the spray tip Penetration under the experimental condition used in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.374-378
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• 2011

The studied results of the gasohol, which is the mixture of gasoline and ethanol, were investigated for the promotion of applications on commercially by gasoline vehicle referring to octane number, minimum water contents be involved, and separation inhibitors for protecting phase separation etc. especially for the E10 and E20. The results showed that octane number will be revised by higher value as the ethanol is added more, and it's more effect in case of be added as a mixture than individually when inhibition agents is added for the inhibition of separation. and it's reasonable for the water contents of less than 1% by comparing with experimental results and in view of regulations of various countries.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.153-158
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance characteristics of the counterflow exhaust heat recovery device for the applied gasoline engines. The EHRS device is installed behind the catalyst. This study investigates the engine warm-up characteristic, the exhaust noise characteristic, the back-pressure characteristic. The engine warm-up characteristics is (load 0%, load 10%, load 20%) in (idle, 1000rpm, 1500rpm, 2000rpm, 2500rpm) conditions by measuring the time it warmed up, coolant temperature ($25^{\circ}C{\sim}80^{\circ}C$) until the performance evaluation is performed. The wide open throttle and the coast down the exhaust noise and the back-pressure characteristic experiment repeated twice. The test conditions is 950rpm~6,050rpm proceed experiment repeated 3-5 times. Load 0% idle conditions except the results improved engine warm-up characteristics. The exhaust noise obtain similar results the BASE+EHRS W/O_FRT_MUFF with BASE and back-pressure to obtain similar results BASE+EHRS W/O_FRT_ MUFF with BASE+EHRS.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Recently, Performance and fuel efficiency of gasoline engines have been improved by adopting direct injection (DI) system instead of port fuel injection (PFI) system. However, injecting gasoline fuel directly into the cylinder significantly reduces the time available for mixing and evaporation. Consequently, particulate matters(PM) emissions increase. Moreover, as the emission regulations are getting more stringent, not only the mass but also the total number of PM should be reduced to satisfy the Euro VI regulations. Increasing the fuel injection pressure is one of the methods to meet this challenge. In this study, the effects of increased fuel injection pressures on combustion and emission characteristics were experimentally examined at several part load conditions in a 1.6 liter commercial gasoline direct injection engine. The main combustion durations decreased about $2{\sim}3^{\circ}$ in crank angle base by increasing the fuel injection pressure due to enhanced air-fuel mixing characteristics. The exhaust emissions and number concentration distributions of PM with particle sizes were also compared. Due to enhanced combustion characteristics, THC emissions decreased, whereas NOx emissions increased. Also, the number concentrations of PM, larger than 10 nm, also significantly decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.153-166
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• 2002

This study aims to reveal the influence of price increase in gasoline on household expenditure trade-off. The subjects were 651 households, acquired the first quarter of 1996 and 1997. This study shows the change of the auto fuel budget share in the same household and they were analyzed with the paired t-test, independent t-test. The results are as follows; 1) the price increase of auto gasoline resulted in the increase of its budget share, regardless of a household's true increase or decrease of income. 2) according to price increase in gasoline, the auto fuel budget share has been changed, therefore I divided these changes into three group on the base of it's degree of change. 3) In the group that had a decrease in auto fuel budget share compared to the degree of change, there was a trade-off between the increase in food and light & light water and the decrease of education and auto fuel budget share. Auto fuel in this group was used as discretionary good. 4) In the group that had a similar change in auto fuel budget share compared to the degree of change, there were no trade-off between expenditure items except auto fuel budget share and miscellaneous decrease. This group is the highest income group among the three groups. 5) In the group that had and increase of change in auto fuel budget share compared to the degree of change, there was a trade-off between the increase of eating-out and auto fuel, and the decrease of education and miscellaneous budget share. Auto fuel in this group was used as a discretionary good. 6) trade-off expenditure budget share showed a mixed effect between the influence of increase in gasoline price and influence of increase in true income.