• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.1345-1350
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• 2013

본 연구는 감귤박의 생리기능성을 탐색하고자 통과 감귤박과, 과피를 제거한 과육 감귤박을 열수와 에탄올로 각각 추출하여 일반성분 및 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 감귤박의 일반성분을 측정한 결과, 열량과 탄수화물은 통과 감귤박이 더 높았으며 수분은 과육 감귤박이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 추출 용매에 따른 차이는 없었으나, 과피를 포함하고 있는 통과 감귤박이 더 높은 함량을 나타냈다. ESR을 이용한 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 alkyl 라디칼 소거능 측정 결과, 과육보다는 통과 감귤박의 활성이 더 높았으며, 열수추출물보다는 에탄올추출물이 활성이 높게 측정되었다. Liquid chromatography를 이용한 플라보노이드 함량 분석 결과, naringin은 통과 에탄올추출물에서만 검출되었으며, 또한 nobiletin과 tangeretin의 함량이 통과 에탄올추출물에서 높게 나타났다. GC 분석 결과를 토대로 감귤박 추출물의 항산화 활성은 플라보노이드뿐만 아니라 HMF와 maltol에 기인할 수 있음을 나타냈다. 따라서 과피를 포함하고 있는 통과 감귤박은 기능성 식품을 개발하는 데에 있어서 높은 활용 가치가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2002

Twenty seafood samples, which are common edible species and commercially important items in Korea, were purchased at the local fisheries markets and were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer detector (GC/MSD). The levels of sixteen PAHs in seafood from Korean coasts were 161 to 2,243 pg/g wet weight. The highest concentration was found at saury (Coloabis saira) and the lowest level was found at jacopever (Sebastes schlegeli). The concentrations of potentially carcinogenic PAHs of six species were in the range of 9 to 123 pg/g wet weight. The residues of PAHs in fishes from Korean coasts were slightly low or relatively moderate to other countries. There was no correlation between PAH residues and lipid contents in seafood samples. The predominant contributors in fish samples were lower-molecular-weight two and three ring aromatic PAHs such as naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene and phenanthrene. Filter-feeding organisms like shrimp, crab and topshell were dominated by three- and four-ring aromatic PAHs. The PAH profiles in marine sediments, bivalves, fishes, shrimp, crab and topshell according to exposure pathway were compared through factor analysis. The PAH profiles were clearly classified by the difference of species or environmental matrices. This result suggests that most of PAHs within the same samples behave identically in marine environment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2006

Atmospheric bulk (wet and dry) samples were monthly collected in Masan and Heangam areas of Korea, to assess the deposition flux and seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Deposition fluxes of PAHs in bulk samples were determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer detector (GC/MSD). Particle deposition fluxes from Masan and Haengam areas varied from 13 to $87\;g/m^2/year$ and from 5 to $52\;g/m^2/year$, respectively. PAHs deposition fluxes in atmospheric bulk samples in Masan and Haengam areas ranged from 135 to $464\;{\mu}g/m^2/year$ and from 62.2 to $194\;{\mu}g/m^2/year$, respectively. Atmospheric deposition fluxes of particles and PAHs in this study were comparable to or slightly lower values than those from different locations in Korea and other countries. PAHs profiles of atmospheric deposition bulk samples showed slightly different from two sampling areas, however the predominant species of PAHs were similar. Indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, phenanthrene compounds were the most detected PAHs in deposition bulk samples. Carcinogenic PAHs occupied the contribution of approximately $30-40\%$ of the total PAHs deposition fluxes. The non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) was used, to assess the differentiation of PAHs source between two sampling areas. The result suggests that PAHs contamination sources were different according to the location and season surveyed. There was no an apparent relationship between the PAHs deposition flux against temperature and rainfall amount, even though summer season with the highest temperature and the largest amount of precipitation showed the lowest PAHs deposition flux. Benzo(e)pyrene/benzo(a)pyrene ratio indicated that the photo-degradation process was one of important factors to the seasonal variation of PAHs with the lower deposition fluxes.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2008

The application of microwave technology has been investigated in the remediation of diesel-contaminated soil. The paper deals with economic assessment by means of cost analysis and degradation characteristics at different microwave powers for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in diesel contaminated soils. The soils from S Mountain around the D University were sampled. The samples were screened with 2.0 mm mesh and dried for 6 hours before the diesel was added into the dried soils. The diesel-contaminated soil (3,300 mg THP/kg soil) was prepared with diesel (S Co.). The drying process was carried out in a microwave oven, a standard household appliance with a 2,450 MHz frequency and 700 W of power. The experiments were conducted from 0 to 20 minutes as the microwave powers increased from 350W to 500W to 700W. The concentrations of TPH were analysed using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The initial concentration of TPH was 3,300 mg TPH/kg soil. The weight of contaminated soil was 200g. The concentration of TPH was decreased to 1,828 mg TPH/kg soil (44.7%), 1,347 mg TPH/kg soil (59.2%) and 1,014 mg TPH/kg soil (69.3%) at 350W, 500W and 700W for 15 minutes respectively. In addition, the curve was best fit with first order kinetics using the least-square method. The ranges of a first order rate constant k and r-square were $0.0298{\sim}0.0375min^{-1}$ and $0.9373{\sim}0.9541$ respectively.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제29권
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• pp.3.1-3.7
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• 2014

Objectives This study was conducted to determine the depositional characteristics of several tree barks, including Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), Pine (Pinus densiflora), Platanus (Platanus), and Metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides). These were used as passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Methods Tree barks were sampled from the same site. PBDEs were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometer, and the lipid content was measured using the gravimetric method by n-hexane extraction. Results Gingko contained the highest lipid content (7.82 mg/g dry), whereas pine (4.85 mg/g dry), Platanus (3.61 mg/g dry), and Metasequoia (0.97 mg/g dry) had relatively lower content. The highest total PBDEs concentration was observed in Metasequoia (83,159.0 pg/g dry), followed by Ginkgo (53,538.4 pg/g dry), Pine (20,266.4 pg/g dry), and Platanus (12,572.0 pg/g dry). There were poor correlations between lipid content and total PBDE concentrations in tree barks ($R^2$=0.1011, p =0.682). Among the PBDE congeners, BDE 206, 207 and 209 were highly brominated PBDEs that are sorbed to particulates in ambient air, which accounted for 90.5% (84.3-95.6%) of the concentration and were therefore identified as the main PBDE congener. The concentrations of particulate PBDEs deposited on tree barks were dependent on morphological characteristics such as surface area or roughness of barks. Conclusions Therefore, when using the tree barks as the PAS of the atmospheric PBDEs, samples belonging to same tree species should be collected to reduce errors and to obtain reliable data.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.491-499
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• 1999

A great variety of the volatile metabolic by-products was formed in yeast cell during alcohol fermentation. The seibel grape (Vitis labrasca) which was grown in the Southern Korea used for wines. The objective of this research was to identify the volatile flavor compounds during alcohol fermentation and aging at 12$^{\circ}C$. saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe were inoculated and fermented in seibel grape must. The volatile flavor compounds of logarithmic, stationary and death phases were extracted, concentrated and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The volatile flavor compounds were determined by a Hewlett-Packard 5890 II Plus GC which was equipped with Supelcowax 10 fused silica capillary column (60m$\times$0.32mm$\times$0.25${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ film thickness) wall coated with polyethyleneglycerol. The scan detection method allowed the comparison of the spectrum from the chromatogram of volatile flavor compounds to those in data Wileynbs base library. Among the volatile compounds collected by ether-hexane extraction method, the evolution of 20 main compounds, such as 9 esters (ethyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl caproate, n-hexyl acetate, ethl caprylate, ethyl caprate, diethy succinate, ethyl hexadecanoate, 2-pheneethyl acetate), 4 alcohols (3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, benzoethanol), 4 ketones and acids (2-octanone, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid), 2 furan and phenol (2,6-bis(1,1-dimethyl ethyl)phenol, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran) were observed during alcohol fermentation and aging. The production of the esters during alcohol fermentation with S. cerevisiae was higher than those of Sch. pombe. The sensory scores of the aged wine samples in aroma, taste and overall acceptability were not significantly different(p<0.05).

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1257-1262
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• 2005

유기염소계 농약은 약 20년 이상 사용이 금지되어 국내에서는 거의 분석이 수행되고 있지 않다. 유기염소계 농약의 환경 중에서 오래 잔류되어 지속적인 감시가 필요하나 유기인계 농약만이 현재 국내에서 조사되고 있다. 유기염소계와 유기인계 농약을 GC/MSD를 이용하여 동시 분석을 시도하였다. Pressurized fluid extraction(PFE) 방법을 이용하여 시료를 추출하였으며 PFE 방법은 짧은 추출 시간과 적은 용매에도 soxhlet 추출 방법과 유사한 효율을 나타냈다. 토양 및 잔디 시료에 대한 스파이크 시료의 회수율은 $52{\sim}154%$ 범위로 평균값은 64%였다. 이 농약들에 대한 분석 검출 한계는 $3.4{\sim}10.6\;{\mu}g/kg$이었고 조사된 9개의 골프장 중 5개에서 endosulfan, fenitrothion, diazinon이 검출되었다.

• 분석과학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2013

자극성 액체의 주성분인 allyl isothiocyanate, capsaicin 및 dihydrocapsaicin을 기체크로마토그래피-질량분석기로 정량하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 방호용인 목적이지만 스프레이 약제의 유해성과 품질관리는 또 다른 사회적 문제를 야기할 가능성이 있다. 이를 위해 시판 유통되고 있는 호신용 스프레이로부터 자극성 액체의 pH, 약제의 세척을 위한 세제의 용해정도, 기타 물질의 사용유무를 검토하였다. 마지막으로 자극성 성분으로 이용되는 allyl isothiocyanate, capsaicin 및 dihydrocapsaicin의 함량을 GC-MS로 정량하였다. 약제의 pH는 5.7 정도로 약산성이었고, 세제를 사용할 경우 약제의 유화되는 정도가 우수하였고, 실험에 사용된 액체에는 형광물질 및 유해 유기용매가 포함되지 않았다. 이전 연구 결과를 바탕으로 기체크로마토그래피-질량분석기를 이용하여 분석한 실제시료 3가지에 포함된 성분은 한 가지 제품에서는 allyl isothiocyanate 단일 성분[47,600 mg/kg (47.6%)]이었고, 나머지 두 제품은 capsaicin[228 mg/kg~368 mg/kg (1.14%~1.84%)]과 dihydrocapsaicin [224 mg/kg~414 mg/kg (1.12%~2.07%)] 혼합성분으로 구성되어 있었다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2009

근래에 와서 강화 플라스틱 복합재료의 생산과 함께 열경화성 수지 폐기물들의 양이 급격하게 증가하여 심각한 환경문제를 야기하고 있다. 우수한 기계적 물성을 지닌 유용한 열경화성 수지의 하나인 에폭시 수지는 열가소성 수지처럼 용융되거나 재 성형되지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 철도 차량용 탄소섬유 강화 에폭시 수지 복합재로부터 에폭시 수지를 분해하여 탄소섬유를 회수하는 일련의 실험을 수행하였다. 여러 분해공정들을 실험적으로 조사하여, 분해 효율과 회수되는 탄소섬유의 기계적 물성을 비교 검토하였다. 회수되는 탄소섬유가 서로 엉키는 것을 방지하기 위해서 각 복합재료 시편은 테플론 지지대로 고정시키고, 기계적인 교반을 가하지 않았다. 분해 생성물은 전자현미경(SEM), 기체 크로마토그라피 질량분석기(GC-MS) 및 만능재료시험기를 사용하여 분석하였다. 질산 수용액을 사용하는 분해 공정과 액상 및 기상 열분해 공정에서는 탄소섬유가 완전하게 회수되었다. 회수된 탄소섬유의 인장강도 감소율은 4% 미만으로 미미하였다.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2013

To understand the characteristics of organic aerosol(OA) at the background atmosphere of Korea, an observation of atmospheric PM10 was conducted at a Global Atmospheric Watch(GAW) station operated by the Korean Meteorological Administration at Anmyon Island during 2010. Various organic compounds were analyzed from 26 samples by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Water soluble organic carbon(WSOC) was also analyzed by using a total organic carbon(TOC) analyzer. Among 6 classes with 68 target compounds detected, the classes of n-alkanoic and alkenoic acids ($326.67{\pm}75.40ngm^{-3}$) and dicarboxylic acids ($323.74{\pm}361.89ngm^{-3}$) were found to be major compound classes in the atmosphere of Anmyon Island. Compared to the previous results reported for 2005 spring samples at Gosan site, the concentrations of organic compounds at Anmyon Island were 3-10 times higher than Gosan site due to the difference of location and sampling period. The concentrations of organic compounds were varied with the atmospheric conditions. Significant increase of the concentrations of dicarboxylic and carboxylic acids in the smog episode indicated that secondary oxidation of organic compounds was major factor to increase OA concentration during smog episode in the Anmyon Island. It was found that the compositions of the OA measured at Anmyon Island were dependent on the air parcel trajectories.