• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

This paper is the product development of environment and safety. In growing society, the bicycle is need to have a common goals for consumers convenience and theft prevention. The bicycle is movable means. But as times passed, that bicycle is strongly recommended to replace other vehicles because that is not produced to air pollution and energy(gas, diesel etc) insufficiency. As workers using a bicycle are increased, road for only bicycle is made by additionary. The bicycles happens to several moving accidents such as car accidents because of signal mismatch between bicycle users. However, using the development products of this paper, many accident problems for bicycle can be solved. As increasing of bicycles numbers, the high cost bicycles are too increased. So, the more theft of bicycle is also happened. The developed products(turn signal system and theft prevention system) through this study kept your bicycles from more convenience and more safe.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.387-392
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• 2017

Recently, road cave-ins, also referred to as ground sinking, have become a problem in urban environments. Public utility facilities such as sewage pipelines, communications pipes, gas pipes, power cables, and other types of underground structures are installed below the roads. It was reported that cave-ins are caused by the aging and lack of proper maintenance of underground facilities, as well as by construction problems. A road cave-in is first initiated by the formation of cavities typically induced by the breakage of underground pipelines. The cavities then grow and reach the base of the pavement. The traffic load applied at the surface of the roads causes an abrupt plastic deformation. This type of accident can be considered as a type of disaster. A road cave-in can threaten both human safety and the economy. It may even result in the loss of human life. In the city of Seoul, efforts to prevent damage before cave-ins occur have been prioritized, through a method of discovering and repairing joints through the 3D GPR survey.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.702-706
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• 2004

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is usually considered as a subset of congenital anomalies or acquired causes which can produce a variety of conditions such as dyspnea, cyanosis, and pulmonary vascular bruit. The diagnostic methods can be diverse such as arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA), chest X-ray, chest CT and pulmonary angiogram but the most accurate diagnostic modality is thought to be the pulmonary angiogram. The complications of this disease are a rupture that can cause hemothorax, brain abscess, and cardiovascular accident, and the treatment options are either segmental resection or therapeutic embolization. A twenty-six year old female developed sudden dyspnea and visited our emergency room. The patient was diagnosed as having pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (size; 4${\times}$4${\times}$3 cm) in the superior segment of the right lower lobe, evidenced by chest CT and pulmonary angiogram. Consequently, she underwent an emergency right lower lobectomy. We report this rare case of combined hemothorax that we have experienced, from diagnosis to treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.348-358
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• 2017

The process of evaluating and selecting the best available techniques presents various characteristics for each country. In the case of EU, BAT is selected through TWG meeting after first screening, mass and energy balance, impact assessment and decision support process. Korea has proposed four principles to select BAT that can be carbon neutral for each environmental infrastructure in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In order to evaluate and select the best available technique, it is necessary to differentiate the method according to whether it is a technique generally applied at the current workplace, whether it is a single technique or a combination technique, and whether it is a technology technique or management technique. In the case of a single technique, it should be evaluated whether it is a technique applied in the workplace, excessive cost, superior environmental technique over BAT, and secondary environmental pollution. In the case of multiple techniques, it is necessary to examine whether the emission standards are met and whether the pollutants can be treated at the same level as BAT. In the case of BAT candidates for management techniques, whether or not they contribute directly or indirectly to lowering the emission level of pollutants can be an important evaluation item. In the case of environmental techniques that are not generally applied in the workplace, it is recommended that the following 8 steps be carried out, including those prescribed by law. In the first stage, the list of performance evaluation factors is listed. In the second stage, the level of disposal of pollutants and the level of satisfaction with standards are listed. In the third stage, the environmental evaluation elements are listed. In the fourth stage, Is to list the economic evaluation elements, step 6 is to list the pollution and accident prevention evaluation factors, step 7 is the quantitative evaluation of the technical working group, and step 8 is BAT confirmation through deliberation of the central environmental policy committee.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.8-14
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• 2013

In the subway, various fires continue to take place across the world. In the Daegu subway accident in 2003, many people were damaged by shortened visibility range caused by toxic gas and smoke. This paper, assuming that a subway fire happens in the Mandeok Station of the subway system in Busan, analyzed different smoke-spreading situations depending on the ventilation situation at its platform (opening of the train doors, operation of ventilation facilities in the tunnel, and working of fire door), using FDS. The calculation proved that it would be more effective to secure evacuation route when the ventilation facilities of the tunnel are not operated, than when they are on. And, it was also found that the case where the doors of the platform to the escape route and only the platform-facing doors of the subway car on fire office are open would be more effective to ventilation than the case where all the doors are open. And, it was found to be important that the fire doors of the platform are working properly.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.48-54
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• 2016

Pilotis are support columns that lift a building above the ground. Thus, they can elevate the lowest floor to the secondfloor level and, in Korea, are used to leav a parking area below multifamily housing. However, if there is a fire in the piloti area, the cars and main entrance door are wrapped in flames. Due to the inflammability of the materials, the combustion of the cars and insulation at the ceiling of the pilotis, having a high heat release rate, can quickly destroy the front entrance of the building and spread heat, flames and a poisonous gas to the stairs and elevator pit. Therefore, the fire can quickly spread to the whole building, putting the lives of the residents in danger. This study was an in-depth accidental case study of the "Uijeongbu Fire Accident" that killed 5 residents and injured 139 others. The study identified the relationships between the fire at the piloti structure of multifamily housing and the vulnerability of this structure and its inherent weaknesses.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 2014

The development of science and technology to accompany the convenience of civilization but in addition to nuclear, gas, explosion, accident and spill all over the world with the possibility of a chemical or biological terrorism response efforts collectively as a response to the urgent task of a nation. In this study major economies such as the U.S. and Canada analyzed to investigate the CBRN training programs to fit the reality in Korea CBRN training programs were developed. also the development of training programs to CBRN Korean Activity-Action Diagram technique utilized by CBRN scenarios corresponding to each event needs to be taken when the Activity is defined by its detailed definition of corrective actions for the CBRN Activity to define context-sensitive actions in particular to enable the functionality of the structure in case of CBRN emergency initial response was to establish education and training programs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2005

Sea operation monitoring system is a system for the automatic ship operation that is used on the variety sea operations such as laying optical cables on the sea between the countries, laying cables on the seabed for a remote island, laying pipelines for the natural gas, and so forth. This system processes data which optained through setting up environment and input from several sensors, and display GPS information with ENC data. And this system processes not only data of root file about sea operation, but also realtime information from PDA of client wirelessly connected with AP on wireless LAN, In addition, this system can improve efficiency of the operation as a result of enabling free movement within valid range. This paper design and Implementation Monitoring system from above appropriate to the embedded system, and improve competitive power of ship through prevention of a ship accident, to keep minimizing operation loads and support both the automatic ship operation and the safety voyage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

Explosion and fire cause about 30 reported industrial major accidents a year by ignition source which discharge of electrostatic generated to flammable gas, vapor, dust and mixtures. It brings economically and humanly very large loss that accident was caused by fire and explosion from electrostatic discharge. Thus, it is very important that electrostatic discharge energy is to be control below not to be igniting flammable mixtures. There are two kinds of analysis model for electrostatic discharge, human body model and machine model. Human body model is available the parameter of human's electrical equivalent that capacitance is 100 pF, resistance is $1.5k{\Omega}$. To simulate and visualize the electrostatic discharge from human body need a very expensive and high voltage simulator. In this paper, we measured the value of capacitance and resistance concerned with test materials and sizing of specimen and the value of charged voltage concerned with test specimen and distance to develop an electrostatic charge/discharge simulating tool for teaching with which concerned industrial employee and students. The result of experiments, we conformed that the minimum ignition energy of methane-oxygen mixtures meets well the equation $W=1/2CV^2$, and found out that the insulating material and sizing of equivalent value having human body mode are the poly ethylene of 200 mm and 300 mm of diameter. Developed electrostatic charge/discharge simulating tool has many merits; simple mechanism, low cost, no need of electric power and so on.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2016

Background: A permit to work (PTW) is a formal written system to control certain types of work which are identified as potentially hazardous. However, human error in PTW processes can lead to an accident. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to estimate the probability of human errors in PTWprocesses in a chemical plant in Iran. In the first stage, through interviewing the personnel and studying the procedure in the plant, the PTW process was analyzed using the hierarchical task analysis technique. In doing so, PTWwas considered as a goal and detailed tasks to achieve the goal were analyzed. In the next step, the standardized plant analysis risk-human (SPAR-H) reliability analysis method was applied for estimation of human error probability. Results: The mean probability of human error in the PTW system was estimated to be 0.11. The highest probability of human error in the PTW process was related to flammable gas testing (50.7%). Conclusion: The SPAR-H method applied in this study could analyze and quantify the potential human errors and extract the required measures for reducing the error probabilities in PTW system. Some suggestions to reduce the likelihood of errors, especially in the field of modifying the performance shaping factors and dependencies among tasks are provided.