• 천문학회보
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.70.2-70.2
• /
• 2010

Cooling hot gas sets a floor on the ionization level for diffuse gas in the ISM in general and the galactic halo. Many high galactic latitude sight lines, cooling hot gas is the dominant source of the ionization. Such sites are prime regions for the formation of both C IV and Si IV ions at a temperature of T~105K. To study of the ISM that have the 104.5~6K ionization state by ionization or photoionization by the collision, searching for the radiation energy that is emitted at far ultra violet range is required. In this paper, we report the analysis of NGP(North Galactic Pole, $l:0^{\circ},b:90^{\circ}$,rad: $40^{\circ}$) region by fuv($1350\sim1750\AA$) data that are surveyed with FIMS. After making the FIMS FUV image of the NGP region, we divided up into some small regions for that and got the spectrum emission lines from each one.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 1999

This study is to examine the emission rate of $CO_2$gas as the environmental load in office buildings. After the investigation of monthly consumption of each energy source(electricity and natural gas), it is analyzed that the $CO_2$emission rate of 34 office buildings surveyed is 22.4kg-$c/m^2$.year, which consists of 17.5kg-$c/m^2$.year by consuming electricity, and 4.9kg-$c/m^2$.year by consuming natural gas. And the $CO_2$emission rate of each load in those buildings consists of 68% emitted by general electricity, 16% by cooling load and 16% by heating load. It is also proposed that the $CO_2$emission rate of cooling and heating load is profoundly pertinent to the variation of outdoor temperature.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2004

탄화수소 계열의 액체로켓엔진용 연료로서의 액화천연가스의 특성을 성분 및 함량 분석, 냉각제로서의 특성과 엔진 성능 인자로서 특성속도와 비추력 관점에서 평가하였다. 액화천연가스내의 메탄의 함량이 연료로서의 특성을 결정짓는 주요한 인자이었으며, 재생냉각형 액체로켓엔진의 연료로 사용되기 위해서는 최소 90% 이상의 메탄 함량이 요구되는 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 예비 냉각에 의한 액화천연가스의 일부 성분의 응결이 예상되어 정상적인 엔진 작동을 방해하는 요소가 될 수 있다. 약 90%의 메탄 체적 함량을 가지는 액화천연가스의 액체로켓엔진의 작동 조건은 화학 당량비적 혼합비로 표준화한 추진제 혼합비로 0.75가 최적이었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.699-706
• /
• 2007

The cooling heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of $CO_2$(R-744) in helical coil copper tubes were investigated experimentally The main components of the refrigerant loop are a receiver, a variable-speed pump, a mass flow meter. a pre-heater and a inclined helical coil type gas cooler (test section). The test section consists of a smooth copper tube of 2.45 and 4.55mm inner diameter The refrigerant mass fluxes were varied from 200 to $600 [kg/m^2s]$ and the inlet pressures of 9as cooler were 7.5 to 10.0 [MPa]. The heat transfer coefficients of $CO_2$ in helical coil tubes increase with the increase of mass flux and gas cooling pressure of $CO_2$. The pressure drop of $CO_2$ in the gas cooler shows a relatively food agreement with those Predicted by Ito's correlation developed for single-phase in helical coil tubes. Though a few correlation available with the data. the local heat transfer coefficient of $CO_2$ agrees well with those presented by Pitla et al. among the predictions. However at the region near pseudo-critical temperature. the experiment data indicate higher values than the Pitla et al. correlation.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서는 발전소의 발전기 냉각시스템에서 수소를 사용하므로써 발생가능한 문제점에 대한 안전대책에 관하여 언급하였다. 수소가스는 가연성 기체중 폭발범위가 대단히 크므로 이에 따른 안전대책을 강구해야 하며, 이것은 전력설비의 안정적인 운영을 위해서도 중요한 일이다. 본 연구에서는 1) 수소의 연소폭발재해와 관련된 기술적 지침을 제공함; 2) 운영환경의 위험수준에 따라 위험장소 구분하고 그에 따른 방폭전기설비의 채용; 3) 가스누설검지장치 설치 등 수소로 인한 재해를 미연에 방지할 수 있는 대책 및 기준 마련; 4) 발전소 정상운전중 안전관리체계를 정립하여 발전소 수소가스설비관련 안전관리의 표준모델을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.381-385
• /
• 2004

Similarly to other cluster of galaxies previously classified as cooling flow systems, the Chandra observation of MKW 3s reveals that this object has a complex X-ray structure hosting both a X-ray cavity and a X-ray filament. Unlike the other clusters, however, the temperature map of the core of MKW 3s shows the presence of extended regions of gas heated above the radially averaged gas temperature at any radius. As the cluster does not show evidences for ongoing major mergers Mazzotta et al. suggest a connection between the heated gas and the activity of the central AGN. Nevertheless, due to the lack of high quality radio maps, this interpretation was controversial. In this paper we present the results of two new radio observations of MKW 3s at 1.28 GHz and 604 MHz obtained at the GMRT. Together with the Chandra observation and a separate VLA observation at 327 MHz from Young, we show unequivocal evidences for a close connection between the heated gas region and the AGN activity and we briefly summarize possible implications.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.34-45
• /
• 2007

In order to reduce the compression power and to use the overall energy contained in LNG effectively, a combined cycle is devised and simulated. The combined cycle is composed of two cycles; one is an open cycle of liquid/solid carbon dioxide production cycle utilizing LNG cold energy in $CO_2$ condenser and the other is a closed cycle gas turbine which supplies power to the $CO_2$ cycle, utilizes LNG cold energy for lowering the compressor inlet temperature, and uses the heating value of LNG at the burner. The power consumed for the $CO_2$ cycle is investigated in terms of a solid $CO_2$ production ratio. The present study shows that much reduction in both $CO_2$ compression power (only 35% of the power used in conventional dry ice production cycle) and $CO_2$ condenser pressure could be achieved by utilizing LNG cold energy and that high cycle efficiency (55.3% at maximum power condition) in the gas turbine could be accomplished with the adoption of compressor inlet cooling and regenerator. Exergy analysis shows that irreversibility in the combined cycle increases linearly as a solid $CO_2$ production ratio increases and most of the irreversibility occurs in the condenser and the heat exchanger for compressor inlet cooling. Hence, incoming LNG cold energy to the above components should be used more effectively.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제29회 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.147-150
• /
• 2007

본 연구에서는 액체로켓엔진의 연소 가스에 액체 질소를 혼합하여 연소 가스의 냉각 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 기존에 사용되던 액체로켓 연소실 후단에 액체 질소 분사용 분사기를 설계/제작하여 장착하였으며, 두 가스의 혼합 가스의 안정화를 위한 연소실과 노즐을 질소 분사링 뒤에 장착하였다. 액체질소 분사에 의한 상류 점화/연소 상태의 영향을 살펴보기 위한 시험이 먼저 수행되었으며, 이후 10초 연소 실험을 성공적으로 수행하였다. 따라서 기존의 액체로켓엔진에 액체질소를 분사함으로써, 연소 가스의 온도를 저하시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2013

A small air-conditioner or chiller for a constant temperature bath normally uses a constant speed compressor. The constant speed compressor is relatively inexpensive, but it uses on/off control for capacity modulation. The on/off control has several disadvantages, specifically energy loss and large temperature fluctuation. Continuous operation with a bypass system can be an alternative to on/off control, for capacity modulation. In this study, a heat pump system having a hot-gas bypass and a liquid bypass was adopted. The performance of the bypass-type heat pump was measured, by varying the bypass valve opening. The differences of the COP between the hot-gas bypass and the liquid bypass, in the cooling and heating operations, were within 2% and 1%, respectively. The liquid bypass showed a wider range of capacity control in the cooling operation but the hot-gas bypass showed a wider range of capacity control in the heating operation.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2004년도 제22회 춘계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.198-204
• /
• 2004

액화천연가스를 연료로 사용하여 물 냉각 및 천연가스와 액화천연가스 재생냉각 연소시험을 수행하였다. 연소시험과 CEC86을 이용한 연소해석 결과를 액체로켓엔진 성능인자로서, 특성속도와 비추력 관점에서, 추진제 혼합비와 연료의 연소실 유입온도의 영향을 분석하였으며, 엔진성능이 추진제 혼합비와 연료의 연소실 유입온도의 영향을 크게 받고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 엔진 성능으로서 특성속도는 추진제 혼합비가 0.72∼0.75일 때, 이론적 비추력은 추진제 혼합비가 0.75일 때 최대 값을 보여주었으며, 연료의 연소실 유입온도의 증가에 비례하여 엔진 성능이 향상되는 경향에서 재생냉각이 엔진 성능을 증대시키는 경향을 확인하였다.