• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.248-253
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• 1997

계지에서 분리한 보체계 활성화 다당의 보체 활성화양식과 다당의 당쇄결합에 관하여 검토하였다. 계지 보체계 활성화 다당획분들(CC-IIIa, CC-IIIb, CC-IIIc)들은 정상인의 혈청중에 존재하는 주요 보체성분인 C3를 활성화하여 C3a와 C3b 보체 산물을 생성 시켰는데 이 과정은 anti-human C3를 이용한 면역전기영동을 실시하여 확인하였다. $Ca^{++}$ 유무시의 보체계 활성을 측정한 결과 계지에서 분리된 CC-IIIa-3는 고전적 경로(classical pathway)와 부경로(alternative pathway)를 동시에 활성화시킴을 확인하였다. CC-IIIa-3을 메틸화하여 GC/MS로 분석한 결과 비환원 말단의 galactopyranose와 glucopyranose가 확인되었고 1,2-linked rhamnopyranose, 1,6-linked mannopyranose, 1,3-linked glucopyranose, 1,6-linked galactopyranose 등이 확인되었다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2009

Migration levels of plasticizers, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl-butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-octyl phthalate(DNOP), di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP) and di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), from 46 poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) wrap films and 54 PVC gaskets into food simulants were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The method was validated with limit of detection (LOD) of $0.01{\sim}0.02\;{\mu}g/mL$ for DBP, BBP, DNOP and DEHA, and $2\;{\mu}g/mL$ for DIDP and DINP. The linearity were found to be > 0.99 for all the compounds in concentration range of $0.1{\sim}81.4\;{\mu}g/mL$, and overall recoveries were ranged from 90.4 ~ 99.6%. DBP, BBP, DNOP, DEHA, DIDP and DINP were not detected in food simulants, except 1 wrap sample from which 0.28 and $0.99\;{\mu}g/mL$ of DEHA were detected respectively when tested with 20% ethanol and n-heptane as food simulants. These values were below the regulatory limitation in European Union (EU).

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.274-288
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• 2018

Quantitative data of 50 non-polar organic compounds constituting $PM_{2.5}$ were continuously collected and analyzed from June 2016 to October 2017 (approximately 17 months) at Ichihara, one of the largest industrial areas in Japan. Target non-polar organic compounds including 21 species of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 24 species of n-alkanes and 5 species of phthalate esters(PAEs) were simultaneously measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Basically, the average concentrations of the total PAHs, n-alkanes and PAEs in each season remained nearly level, and seasonal variations were little throughout the study period. These results suggest that the emission sources, which are not influenced by the seasons, are the dominant inputs for the target organic compounds. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs, assessment of n-alkane homologue distributions, carbon preference index, and the contribution of wax n-alkanes from plants were used to estimate source apportionments. These results indicate that anthropogenic sources were the main contributor for most PAHs and n-alkanes throughout the study period. The concentrations of PAEs selected in this study were low because emission amounts of these chemicals were little within the source areas of the sampling site. To our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to simultaneously measure a high number of non-polar organic compounds in $PM_{2.5}$ collected from the ambient air of Japan, and the resultant data will provide valuable data and information for environmental researchers.

• 분석과학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

When extracting semi-volatile components of herbal medicines using hot water vapor, some substances may react with water vapor or oxygen, and some volatile substances may be lost, when using an organic solvent extraction method has the disadvantage that it may contain a non-volatile material and residual organic solvent. In addition, it is inefficient to separate semi-volatile substances from herbal medicines into each single component and conduct biological activity research for each component to determine the effective ingredient, and some components may be lost in the separation process. In this study, semi-volatile substances evaporated under two pressure-reduced conditions in Chinese herbal medicines such as Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were separated by cooling with liquid nitrogen. Those were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the components, and this method may be used to study biological activities at the cellular level. The substances separated under reduced pressure, essential oil obtained by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method and substances by using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were analyzed by GC-MS. In the case of Cnidii Rhizoma and Aucklandiae Radix, there were some differences among the essential oil components obtained by SDE and those identified by low temperature capture (CT) and SPME method, these were believed to be produced by some volatiles reacting with water or oxygen at the boiling point temperature of water.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.306-310
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• 2007

가공식품 섭취에 의한 3-MCPD 위해평가를 위하여 시판 소스류와 라면 스프 중 3-MCPD 오염도를 분석하고 식이 노출량을 산출하였다. 2005년 8월에서 9월 사이 서울에서 유통되고 있는 소스류와 라면 제품을 각 25개씩 수집하고 GC/MS를 이용하여 3-MCPD 잔존량을 분석하였다. 6개 소스 시료에서 3-MCPD가 검출되었고 최대검출 수준은 0.045 mg/kg이었으며 3-MCPD 치대허용치인 0.3 mg/kg을 초과하는 제품은 없었다. 생산량 기준 1인당 소스 소비량을 이용하여 추정한 3-MCPD의 식이노출량은 $0.094{\mu}g/person/day$이었다. 분석된 라면 스프에서 3-MCPD가 검출되지 않아 3-MCPD 식이노출에 라면 스프의 섭취는 기여하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.822-827
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• 2007

The aroma characteristics and antioxidative activity of volatile compounds in heat-treated garlic (Allium sativum L.) were evaluated. The garlic was heated to various temperatures (100, 110, 120, and $130^{\circ}C$) for different lengths of time (1, 2, and 3 hr). The volatile compounds of heated garlic were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE). Aroma compound profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and antioxidative activity was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation decolorization assay. The major aroma compounds were sulfur compounds such as dimethyl disulfide, 2-propen-1-ol, methyl-2-propenyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, diallyl disulfide, methyl-2-propenyl trisulfide, and di-2-propenyl trisulfide. DPPH radical scavenging activity (EDA, %) and the ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant activity (AEAC) of volatile compounds in heated garlic increased significantly with the increase of temperature and time (p<0.001). The EDA (%) and AEAC of raw garlic were 26.8%/10 mg garlic and 39.05 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g sample. After heat treatment, the highest values were 40.50%/10 mg garlic for EDA (%) and 46.43 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per g sample for ABTS.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.757-772
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• 2013

In this study, a combination of sorbent tube (ST)-thermal desorption (TD)-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) was used for quantitative analysis of liquid phase standards of 10 BVOC ((1) (+)-${\alpha}$-pinene, (2) (+)-${\beta}$-pinene, (3) ${\alpha}$-phellandrene, (4) (+)-3-carene, (5) ${\alpha}$-terpinene, (6) p-cymene, (7) (R)-(+)-limonene, (8) ${\gamma}$- terpinene, (9) myrcene, and (10) camphene). The results of BVOC calibration yielded comparatively stable pattern with response factor (RF) of 23,560~50,363 and coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.9911~0.9973. The method detection limit (MDL) of BVOC was estimated at 0.03~0.06 ng with the reproducibility of 1.30~5.13% (in terms of relative standard error (RSE)). Emissions of BVOC were measured from four types of fruit samples ((1) tangerine (TO), (2) tangerine peel (TX), (3) strawberry (SO), and (4) sepals of strawberry (SX)). The sum of BVOC flux (${\sum}flux$ (BVOC) in ng/hr/g) for each sample was seen on the descending order of (1) TX=291,614, (2) TO=2,190, (3) SO=1,414, and (4) SX=2,093. If the results are compared between the individual components, the highest flux was seen from (R)-(+)-limonene (265,395 ng/hr/g) from TX sample.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2002

A number of soil and wastewater samples were collected from the vicinity of an effluent treatment plant for the chemical industry. Several microorganisms were screened fur their ability to decolorize the triphenylmethane group of dyes. As a result, a novel crystal violet dye-degrading strain LK-24 was isolated. Taxonomic identification including 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolate had a $99.5\%$ homology in its 16S rDNA base sequence with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The triphenylmethane dye, crystal violet, was degraded extensively by growing cells of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia LK-24 in agitated liquid cultures, although their growth was strongly inhibited in the initial stage of incubation. This group of dyes is toxic, depending on the concentration used. The dye was significantly degraded at a relatively lower concentration, below $100{\mu}g\;ml^-1$, yet the growth of the cells was totally suppressed at a dye concentration of $250{\mu}g\;ml^-1$. The degradation products of crystal violet were identified as 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)-benzophenone and ${\rho}$-dimethylaminophenol by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry. The 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)-benzophenone was easily obtained in a reasonable yield, as it was not metabolized further by S. maltophilia LK-24; however, the ${\rho}$-dimethylaminophenol was not easily identifiable, as it was further metabolized.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.295-307
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• 2019

In the process of the conservation treatment of the glass eyes of the stone standing Maitreya of Daejosa temple, Buyeo (Treasure No. 217), a blackish material, expected to be the adhesive for fixing the glass eyes, was collected and analyzed. Infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (pyrolysis/GC/MS) were employed to identify the organic material in the sample. The IR analysis revealed the presence of materials such as apatite or bone black. The pyrogram of the sample was similar to that of Asian lacquer, among traditional adhesives. In particular, the pyrolysis/GC/MS analysis with online methylation detected 1,2-dimethoxy-3-pentadecylbenzene, methyl 7-(2,3- dimethoxyphenyl) heptanoate, and methyl 8-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)octanoate. These are known to be the pyrolysis products of catechol and its oxidation product, which indicated the presence of Asian lacquer in the sample. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and thermal gravimetry analysis showed that the sample contained ca. 60% inorganic substances, including apatite. Radiocarbon dating of the sample suggested that the blackish material was applied between the late 13^th and early 15^th century, revealing some discrepancy with the art-historical manufacturing time of the Maitreya. From the above analysis, it was concluded that Asian lacquer and bone ash were used to attach the glass eyes by forming a thick blackish lacquer layer.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2000

하수슬러지와 토양시료 중 16가지의 다핵방향족 탄화수소(PAH)를 KOH와 $CHE_3OH$에 녹인 용액으로 Soxhlet 추출후 내부표준물질로 2-ethylantracene을 이용하여 GC/MS-SIM 방법으로 분석하였다. 12종의 PAH가 하수슬러지에서 검출되었고 공업지역 하수슬러지 중 가장 특징적인 화합물은 naphthalene($0.78{\mu}g/g$), 도시 하수슬러지에서는 pyrene($0.26{\mu}g/g$)이었으며, 총 PAH는 각각 $1.74{\mu}g/g$과 $1.19{\mu}g/g$이었다. 논 토양과 밭 토양에서의 PAH는 phenanthrene을 포함한 8종이 검출되었으며 그 농도범위는 $0.01-0.04{\mu}g/g$이었고, 총 PAH의 양은 각각 $0.19{\mu}g/g$과 $0.22{\mu}g/g$이었다. 논 토양 중의 총 PAH함량에 비하여 공업지역과 도시지역 하수슬러지 중의 총 PAH양은 각각 9.2배와 6.3배가 높게 나타났다.