• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2014

마늘을 0, 10, 20 및 30% 첨가하여 된장을 제조한 후 6주간 숙성시키면서 1주 간격으로 된장의 품질 관련인자의 변화를 분석하였다. 명도는 마늘 농도와는 상관없이 모든 시료가 숙성기간이 길어짐에 따라 그 값이 감소하였으며, 마늘 첨가 농도가 높아질수록 더 낮았다. 황색도는 숙성 후기에 그 값이 감소하였는데, 대조군보다 마늘 첨가된장에서 더 낮았다. 제조 직후와 비교하여 숙성 1주차에 pH는 크게 감소하고 산도는 증가하였으나 그 이후로는 불규칙한 증감을 보였으며, 마늘의 첨가 농도에 따른 통계적인 유의차도 없었다. 아미노태 질소는 숙성 5주차까지 지속적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었는데, 숙성 5주차와 6주에는 시료군간에 유의적인 차이가 없어 마늘의 첨가가 된장의 아미노태 질소 함량에 큰 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 환원당 역시 숙성기간이 길어짐에 따라 그 함량 역시 증가하였는데, 제조 직후에 비하여 숙성 6주 뒤에는 모든 시료군에서 약 2.5배 증가하였다. 이소플라본 함량은 숙성시간의 경과와 더불어 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 숙성 초기에는 배당체 형태의 함량이 높았으나 후기로 갈수록 그 함량은 감소하고 비배당체 형태는 증가하는 경향이었다. Bacillus는 마늘의 첨가량에 따른 차이가 없었으나 효모수는 마늘의 첨가량이 높을수록 적었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.618-624
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• 1998

This study was conducted to standardize ingredient ratios of wooung kimchi. The ingredient ratios of model wooung kimchiwere determined by the survey in Pusan and Kyungnam province and using the literatures including cooking books. Several kinds of wooung kimchi were prepared by adjusting the ingredient ratios fo the model wooung kimchi within standard deviation. The wooung kimchi with different ingredient ratios were fermented for 6 days at 15$^{\circ}C$. The chemical, microbial and sensory properties of the wooung kimchi were investigated. There was little change in pH but the counts of lactic acid bacteria were decreased, as the ratio of pickled anchovy juice became high. The wooung kimchi adding 9.4% pickled anchovy juice obtained high score in appearance and overall acceptability. The counts of lactic acid bacteria were increased in wooung kimchi adding 5% red pepper powder, and there was obtained better result in appearance, texture and overall acceptability than the other groups. The activity, reducing sugar and counts of lactic acid bacteria were increased, as the ratio of glutinous rice paste became high. The wooung kimchi including 6% glutinous rice paste showed the highest score in overall acceptability. The fermentation process of wooung kimchi accelerated, as the ratio of garlic became high. The wooung kimchi adding 3% garlic showed good appearance and acceptability. In addition to these, the addition of 1.3% ginger ehhanced the appearance, texture and overall acceptability fermented anchovy juice, 5.0% red pepper powder, 6.0% glutinous rice paste, 3.0% crushed garlic and 1.3% crushed ginger.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2009

마늘과 칼슘을 이용한 기능성과 고가치의 양갱을 제조하기 위하여 칼슘의 종류를 각각 달리하고, 마늘을 무취화 시킨 칼슘첨가 마늘페이스트를 제조한 후 양갱을 만들어 품질 특성 및 항산화성, 관능적 특성을 평가하였다. 칼슘첨가 마늘 양갱은 산도가 무첨가군보다 증가하였으며, 당도가 다소감소하였으나 유의적 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 양갱의 색도 측정 결과는 칼슘 및 마늘의 첨가에 따라 L값이 감소하였으며, a값과 b값은 유의적으로 증가하였으나, 대조군의 L값과 유사한 군은 젖산칼슘, 탄산칼슘, 칼슘파우더이었다. 마늘양갱의 기계적 경도는 탄산칼슘, 젖산칼슘, 칼슘파우더 첨가군에서 증가하였으며, 탄력성은 칼슘파우더를 첨가한 경우에 증가하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능 및 hydroxyl 라디칼 소거능에 대한 항산화 활성 역시 무첨가군에 비해 마늘양갱과 칼슘첨가 마늘양갱에서 높아지는 경향을 보였는데 특히, 탄산칼슘, 젖산칼슘, 칼슘믹스에서였다. 관능검사 결과 마늘 냄새, 마늘 맛에서 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 전체적인 수용도에 있어서 탄산칼슘, 젖산칼슘, 구연산칼슘 첨가군이 높은 점수를 받았다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 칼슘첨가 마늘 페이스트는 새로운 기능성 양갱을 제조하는데 있어서 좋은 소재로서의 가능성을 가지고 있다고 사료된다.

• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2023

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii are known to produce alcohol in gochujang. To reduce alcohol production, garlic and chives were applied to gochujang solution to find their inhibitory effect on S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii. The 70% ethanol extract of garlic and chives showed significant inhibition activity against S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii, showing growth inhibition zone of 14.00±0.00~25.33±0.58 mm by disc diffusion method. In addition, the addition of 70% ethanol extract of garlic and chives in 10% gochujang solution spiked with S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii reduced the numbers of total aerobic bacteria (below 7 Log CFU/g) and yeast (below 4 Log CFU/g), alcohol content (below 0.30%), respectively. In conclusion, the addition of garlic ethanol (70%) extract or chives ethanol (70%) extract to gochujang inhibited the growth of S. cerevisiae and Z. rouxii, resulting in reduced alcohol content in gochujang. For further study, it is necessary to conduct food application experiments by using real gochujang paste.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1974

Ascorbic acid수용액에 조미료 및 향신료를 단독독 또는 배합 첨가(添加)하였을 때의 ascorbic acid의 함량(含量)을 2,4 Dnitrophenylhydrazine method에 의하여 정량(定量)하였다. 조미료 및 향신료를 단독으로 ascorbic acid 수용액에 첨가(添加)하였을 때의 total ascorbic acid의 잔재율(殘存率)은 식초, 설탕, 소금, 미원, 파, 마늘, 깨, 엿, 간장, 고추, 고추장, 후추, 생강, 계피등이 ascorbic acid단독만의 수용액보다 높은치(値)를 나타냈으며 실백, 참기름, 된장의 첨가(添加)는 적은치(値)를 나타냈다. 또한 ascorbic acid의 자동산화율(自動酸化率)은 회향, 계피, 생강, 후추, 된장, 실백, 카레등이 가장 높은치(値)를 나타냈으며 마늘, 참기름, 미원, 설탕, 꿀, 소금, 새우젓, 고추장, 간장등이 대체적으로 얕은치(値)를 나타냈다. 또한 배합(配合)조미료에 있어서는 모두 ascorbic acid의 함량(含量)은 높은치(値)를 나타냈으며 콩나물, 무나물, 무침등 가장 빈용되는 조미료 배합(配合)인 No. 8,9,10이 높은 치(値)를 나타냈으며 겨자채의 조미료배합이 제일 적은치(値)를 나타냈다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1986

This sudy was conductted for the purpose of determining the optimal amounts of soy tauce, soy bean paste and hot pepper paste, in 3 different Korean soups and comparing the effect of condiments such as salt, soy sauce, black pepper, and Mono Sodium Glutamate, on the taste of two basic Korean Stocks, The results estimated by Palatability Test were as follows: 1. The average NaCl contents of two kinds of commercial soysauce were 15.9%, 25.6%, respectively. 2. The NaCl contents of 2% sardine stock, and 19% beef stock were 0.16~1.17%, 0.17~0.18% respectively. 3. @ According to Saltiness in sardine stock, there was no difference between the soy sauce-added group and the salt-added group. However, for the removing effect of Off-flavor, and Overall Taste, the soy sauce-group had higher score than salt-added group respectively. (p>.0.1) ⓑ In beef stock, there was no difference between the soysauce-added group and the salt-added group in Saltiness test. The soy sauce-added group had higher score in removing effect of Off-flavor (p>.0.1). On other hand, in Overall Taste, the salt- added group was more effective than the soy sauce-added (p>.0.1). 4 @ According to Saltiness test in beef stock, there was no difference between the black pepper-added and non-added group. However, for the removing effect of Off-flavor and, Overall Taste, the added group had higher score than the non-added group, respectively. (p>.10, p>.0.5) ⓑ Also, according to Saltiness test in beef stock, there was no diffetrence between the MSG-added group and non-added group. However for the removing effect of Off-flavor, and Overall taste, the MSG-added group was more effective than the non-added group. (p>.01) 5. The best recipes of soybean sprouts soup for S persons, in this experiment, were soybean sprouts 180 g, sardine 28 g, soysauce 1/2 T.S., salt 7 g, green onion 15 g, choppedgarlic It. s., against 7 C of water, and total cooking time was 20 minutes. 6. The best recipes of clear-beef soup were beef 200 g, radish 200 g, tangle weed 10 g, sesame oil 1/2 t.s., green onion 15 g, chopped garlic 1 t.s., black Pepper 1/8 1.s., and soy sauce 1 T.S., salt 7 g or soy sauce 2 T S., salt 3.5 g. The total cooking time was minutes. 7, The best recipes of soybean pasted Chinese cabbage soup were Chinese cabbage 300 g, sardine 28 g, green onion 15 g, chopped garlic 1 t.s., and bean paste 50 g, hot pepper paste 13 g, salt 3g or bean paste 65 g, hot pepper paste 16 g, salt 1.5 g. And the total cooking time was 25 minutes. 8. Soy sauce, black pepper, M.S.G., bean paste and hot pepper paste were effective on removing Off-flavor of experimental soups.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1778-1784
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 마늘 첨가량을 달리하여 제조한 홍고추 페이스트를 $10^{\circ}C$에서 8주간 숙성하면서 pH, 총산도, 유리당 함량, 색도 측정, 전자코를 활용한 향기패턴 분석과 관능평가를 실시하였다. 홍고추 페이스트의 제조 직후 pH와 총산도는 각각 5.07~5.18 및 0.33~0.35%로 마늘 첨가량에 따라 pH는 증가하고 총산도는 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 마늘 첨가량에 따른 차이는 없었다. 숙성 28일째까지 pH 및 총산도 변화량은 작다가 42일째부터 변화량이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 초기 페이스트의 fructose와 glucose 함량은 각각 2.32~2.41% 및 1.94~2.09%로 마늘 첨가 시 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 숙성 중 fructose는 1.81~1.94%로, glucose는 1.54~1.71% 범위로 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 마늘 첨가량에 따른 fructose 및 glucose 함량 차이는 크지 않았다. 홍고추 페이스트의 L, a 및 b값은 마늘 첨가 시 L값과 b값은 증가하고 a값은 감소하였으며, 숙성 중 L값과 a값은 감소하는 경향을 보였고 b값은 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 홍고추 페이스트의 전자코 분석 결과 향기패턴은 숙성 중 마늘 무첨가구와 첨가구사이의 구분이 명확했으며, 마늘 첨가량에 따른 향기패턴은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 관능평가 결과 숙성 중 마늘 첨가시 풋내강도는 무첨가구에 비해 낮았고 전체적인 향은 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 마늘 첨가량에 따른 차이는 없었다. 달콤한 향, 시큼한 향 및 매콤한 향은 처리구간 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 홍고추 페이스트 제조 시 마늘 첨가는 고추 풋내를 억제시키고 전체적인 향에 대한 기호도를 향상시킬 수 있으며, 다양한 소스류 가공의 중간소재로 활용 시 숙성 기간은 28일 이내가 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1173-1180
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• 2016

Though traditional seasonings are widely used in many dishes, however, no attention has been paid to the investigation of their effects on quality characteristics of food products. The present investigation was undertaken to study the effects of incorporating several traditional seasonings including doenjang (fermented soybean paste), gochu-jang (red pepper paste), fresh medium-hot, and hot peppers, and fresh garlic on the lipid oxidation, cholesterol content and sensory characteristics of fermented sausages. Six fermented sausage treatments (5 with 1% (w/w) each test seasoning and 1 without added test seasoning (control) were prepared. The addition of seasonings generally had beneficial effects on the improvement of fermented sausage's quality however the effects differed depending on the each type of seasonings added. Significant lower pH values were found in all fermented sausages made with the seasonings while, lower levels of lipid oxidation were found in the treatments with hot peppers and garlic as compared with the control (p<0.05). The treatment with seasonings did not cause color or texture defects in the products whereas the sausages made with gochu-jang had significantly higher Commission International de $l^{\prime}Eclairagea^{\ast}$ (redness) value in comparison with the control. Noticeably, incorporating doenjang, medium-hot peppers, hot peppers and garlic resulted in reduction of 26.50, 32.54, 47.04, and 48.54 mg cholesterol/100 g samples, respectively (p<0.05). Higher scores for the sensory traits such as aroma, taste, color and acceptability were also given for the sausages made with seasonings. The current work demonstrates that the test seasonings represent potentially natural ingredients to be used for producing healthier fermented sausages.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.223-238
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• 2004

In this paper, the differences between Korean and Japanese ways of seasonings are studied. The main results are summarized as follows: (1) Shouyu and Miso which are Japanese equivalents of soy sauce and bean paste of Korean foods are used in variety of different seasonings with some other ingredients while Korean counter parts are used only to add salty tastes. (2) Shouyu and Miso lose their flavors after considerable time of heating, while Korean soy sauce and bean pastes increase their tastes after heating. (3) Mirin adds sweety taste and glaze and Sake makes food soft or hard according to the moment of being added during cooking. (4) In Korean foods soy sauce, bean paste and red pepper paste are on the basis of tastes, Dashi is used in almost every Japanese food. (5) Seasoned vegetables of Korean food are prepared only with spices of green onion, garlic and sesame oil while seasoned fishes or vegetables are mixed with Shoyu or salt and vinegar in Japanese food. (6) In making Zorim, Korean traditional sauces are added from the beginning of heating. But in making Nimono, sugar, salt, vinegar, Shoyu and artificial taste are added in order during heating. (7) In grilling, main food for grilling in Korea is meat, which is prepared with a variety of spices such as soy sauce or/and red pepper pastes, garlic, green onion, sesame oil, sesame powder, pepper and sugar while mainly fishes are grilled with salt, occasionally with Shoyu or Miso in Japanese food. (8) Pan frying fishes are taken with soy sauce with vinegar in Korea but Tepura are eaten with Tentsuyu in Japan.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.357-368
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• 1989

In this study, the kinds of Dog Meat Cooking, side dishes, ingredients, seasonings and recipes were surveyed in 21 Dog Meat Cooking restaurants in Korea from July to August of 1989. 1. Actually, there were four Dog Meat Cooking recipe. Tang (soup:湯) has been served in 20 (95.2%) restaurants and Sukyuk(boiled in water:熟肉) in 19(90.5%) ones. Junkol(boiling vegetables and meat with seasoning:煎骨) and Muchim(sauteed with seasoning:무침) has been done in 16(76.2%) and 10(47.6%) restaurants, respectively. 2. According to the frequencies, the main seasonings when served were roasted perillar powder (95.2%), soybean paste (95.2%), vinegar(81.0%), Dadegi (mixed much red pepper powder, minced ginger, minced garlic, minced onion and black pepper powder, 66.7%), pepper(61.9%), salt(61.9%), salt(61.9%), minced ginger(57.1%), minced garlic(57.1%) and prepared mustard(38.1%). 3. The number of side dishes were 26. Among vegetables, green pepper(90.5%), sliced garlic(81.0%) were served. Chinese cabbage(61.9%) and Kagtuki(42.9%) out of Kimchi and leek salad(28.6%) were also served. 4. The total 17 ingredients were used in Dog Meat Cooking. The major one were white onion (100%), perillar leaf(72.2%), leek(66.6%) and parsley(47.2%).