• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.639-650
• /
• 2022

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai, a rare plant with distylous characteristics, is native to certain parts of the Korean Peninsula. It is registered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as a globally endangered plant. This study was conducted to establish an appropriate local conservation management plan suitable for future A. distichum populations by comparing and analyzing the flowering characteristics and population size according to distyly based on the results of quantitative surveys in 14 regions, including 8 areas with native populations of A. distichum and 6 natural monument populations. The number of individuals appearing in each population group was surveyed, and the flowering individuals were identified by style as being either pin or thrum flower types as they were being examined and recorded on the site. In total, 13,130 individuals of A. distichum (7,003 flowering and 6,127 non-flowering individuals) were recorded, but the balance of the number of pin- and thrum-flowered individuals in each population was not significant (p<0.05), indicating an imbalanced state. In particular, the Yeongdong (YD) population was very disproportionate compared to other populations, suggesting that its genetic diversity was low and the possibility of inbreeding was high. The average flowering and fruiting rates by management unit were much higher in the natural monument populations (89.2% and 55.3%, respectively) than in the natural habitat populations (39.0% and 8.5%, respectively). It may be due to a difference in reproductive growth resulting from light inflow into the forest caused by the upper crown closure. The area of occupation (AOO) of A. distichum on the Korean Peninsula covered an area of 23,224.5 m². Although the natural monument population was smaller than the natural habitat population, its density was higher, likely as a result of the periodic management of natural monument populations, where the installation of protective facilities in certain areas restricts population spread. Conservation of A. distichum populations requires removing the natural monument populations suspected of anthropogenic and genetic disturbances and expanding the conservation priority population by designating new protected areas. Although the habitats of natural monument populations are managed by the Cultural Heritage Administration and local governments, there are no agencies that are responsible for managing natural habitat populations. Therefore, institutional improvement in the overall management of A. distichum should be prioritized.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.32-51
• /
• 2016

This study examines, based on the database of the Institute for the Translation of Korean Classics(ITKC), the garden plants and their symbolism, and the landscape culture recorded in 'Jipkyungjaeyoungsi(the Series of Poems on Gardens Poetry)' in relevance to traditional houses. First, Jipkyungjaeyoungsi had been continuously written since mid-Goryeo dynasty, when it was first brought in, until the late Joseon dynasty. It was mainly enjoyed by the upper class who chose the path of civil servants. 33 pieces of Jaeyoungsi(題詠詩) in 25 books out of a total of 165 books are related to residential gardens. The first person who wrote a poem in relation to this is believed to be Lee GyuBo(1168~1241) in the late Goryeo dynasty. He is believed to be the first person to contribute to the expansion of natural materials and the variation of entertainment in landscape culture with such books as 'Toesikjaepalyoung(退食齋八詠)', 'Gabeunjeungyukyoung(家盆中六詠)'and 'Gapoyukyoung(家圃六詠)'. Second, most of the poems used the names of the guesthouses. Out of the 33 sections, 19(57.5%) used 8 yeong(詠), then it was in the sequence of 4 yeong(詠), 6 yeong, 10 yeong, 14 yeong, 15 yeong, 16 yeong, 36 yeong(詠) and so on. In the poem writing, it appears to break the patterns of Sosangpalkyung(瀟湘八景) type of writings and is differentiated by (1) focusing on the independent title of the scenery, (2) combining the names of the place and landscape, (3) focusing on the name of the landscape. Third, the subtitles were derived from (1) mostly natural landscape focused on nature and garden plants(22 sections, 66.7%), (2) cultural landscape focused on landscape facilities such as guesthouses, ponds and pavilions(3 sections), (3) complex cultural scenery focused on the activities of people in nature(8 sections). Residents enjoy not only their aesthetic preferences and actual view, but the ideation of the scenery. Especially, they display attachment to and preference for vegetables and herbs, which had been neglected. Fourth, the percentage of deciduous tree population(17 species) rated higher(80.9%) compared to the evergreens(4 species). These aspects are similar results with the listed rate in 'Imwonkyungjaeji(林園經濟志)' by Seo YuGu [evergreen 18 species(21.2%) and deciduous trees 67 species(78.8%)] and precedent researches [Byun WooHyuk(1976), Jung DongOh(1977), Lee Sun(2006)]. Fifth, the frequency of the occurrence of garden plants were plum blossoms(14 times), bamboos(14 times), pine trees(11 times), lotus(11 times), chrysanthemum(10 times), willows(5 times), pomegranates(4 times), maple trees(14 times), royal foxglove trees, common crapemyrtle, chestnut trees, peony, plantains, reeds and a cockscombs(2 times). Thus, the frequency were higher with symbolic plants in relations to (1) Confucian norms(pine trees, oriental arbor vitae, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, bamboos and lotus), (2) living philosophy of sustain-ability(chrysanthemum, willow), (3) the ideology of seclusion and seeking peace of mind(royal foxglove ree, bamboo). Sixth, it was possible to trace plants in the courtyard and outer garden, vegetable and herb garden. Many symbolic plants were introduced in the courtyard, and it became cultural landscape beyond aesthetic taste. In the vegetable and herb garden, vegetables, fruits and medicinal plants are apparently introduced for epigenetic use. The plants that were displayed to be observed and enjoyed were the sweet flag, pomegranate, daphne odora, chrysanthemum, bamboo, lotus and plum blossom. Seventh, it was possible to understand garden culture related to landscaping materials through poetic words such as pavilions, ponds, stream, flower pot, oddly shaped stones, backyard, orchard, herb garden, flower bed, chrysanthemum fence, boating, fishing, passing the glass around, feet bathing, flower blossom, forest of apricot trees, peach blossoms, stroking the pine tree, plum flower blossoming through the snow and frosted chrysanthemum.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.14 no.6 s.53
• /
• pp.148-156
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate spatial characteristics and using behavior of activity room in skilled nursing facilities for the elderly and to provide basic guidelines about its space planning. The activity rooms in the most of the research facilities were arranged by usage modification of unnecessary spaces after the foundation of the facility, and were used not only for the program service but for the staff lounge. It decreased space speciality and resulted in limited area of the space and crowded furniture arrangement. The design guidelines for activity room were as follows. First, the space plan of activity room is based on the use of once to twice per week and for 30 minutes per use, and is mainly for the human knowledge and art programs that are appropriate for small group. Second, the activity room of the facility with less than 3 stories needs to be in the same floor as elderly individual room, but should be independent and easy to be controlled by the staff. On the other hand, in more than 4 stories facility, it is better to be in the different floor as the elderly living area such as administrational area close to the lounge and garden. Third, at least $5.9m^{2}$ per user for the area of the activity room is recommended including the elderly, staff, furniture, equipments and restroom. Fourth, the furniture of activity room includes the shelves, big table with enough knee space, wheel, and stopper, and stackable chairs. Toilets and water closet are needed for the emergency, and the windows to the corridor and curtain door should be avoided for soundproof and easy access of wheelchair users.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.1383-1392
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide suitable outdoor spaces for Korean elderly, examining characteristics and types of existing outdoor spaces and presenting design guideline of outdoor space for elderly. To do this, this study examined previous research papers and scholastic writings, related to elderly housing, and analyzed twelve cases of elderly housing complex. Additionally evaluation of usage pattern and physical trace carried out on twelve cases. As a result, first, the study showed that outdoor spaces for elderly were classified 5 types; entrance area of housing complex, building entrance area, outdoor living area, in & outdoor neutral area, and parking lots. Outdoor living area is subdivided into residents' public space, green space, health & sports space and landscape space. Characteristics of outdoor space are deeply related to safety, amenity, recognition and efficiency. Second, types of outdoor space in elderly facilities are very limited in verity, just facilitating with rest space, sport space, and garden space. Third, from a standpoint of barrier-free-design, twelve cases are not carefully concerning about outdoor space for elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2003

This study investigates the physical characteristics of indoor rest zones using the Space Syntax Method. A conceptual framework is based on analysis of design works presented in competitions(544 rest zones of 24 buildings on 7 campuses). The analysis on the unit type of rest zones showed that they were mostly available as open type, followed by semi-open type and outdoor rest places. On the other hand, by classifying the shape of whole building into traffic lines and nodal points, it was found that the buildings with 3 or more traffic lines have lower availability than others, because the buildings required more nodal points along a little higher complexity and zoning formed at increased nodal points between building masses. The analysis on the location of rest zones on traffic lines showed that hall type was most excellent in the level of availability. Finally, the analysis on the floor height showed that hall-like open rest places and outdoor places like rooftop garden functioned as a factor to enhance the integration of different spaces. In conclusion, this research will help the follow-up studies make spatial creation planning that may enhance the spatial efficiency and availability of Indoor rest zones on the campus.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.16 no.3 s.62
• /
• pp.119-129
• /
• 2007

This study illustrates a prototype proposal and its evaluation for the development of floor plans in the condominium housing remodeling. For this I evaluated the survey of the residents of the 'K' town in Joonge-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, against the proposal which was developed based on the resident's pre-survey. The result includes that the residents' preference for community actions such as the removal of fences which are reviewed as negative, whereas the introduction of a fitness center and community facilities in the library are reviewed as positive. The residents preferred the open space by the piloti structure, although which is the wall column structure, where they anticipated a rest area, sports facilities, and bicycle drop-off spots. The sidewall proposal in the main building and the full use of the roof floor were underestimated in terms of design concept. The research also illustrated the residents' desired space planning options, those tending to use of space 'B type', personalization 'C type' and spatial size 'A type'. Residents responded positively to the introduction of the 'Alpha' space in which two households share one space that could be used for multiple purposes such as a rest area, an environment-friendly garden, and hobby room, etc, and also there is another possibility it plays an important role to the sociality in community.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.247-264
• /
• 1999

In this study, I investigate how city parks have been created, and what are some characteristics of the location and function of 69 city parks in Tokyo. The city parks in Tokyo have been made in three patterns. The first is planned parks which have been created as a urban facilities considering the scales and types. The second is memorial parks which have been made to memorialize the national monumental event or to preserve natural and cultural resources. The third is public property parks which have been made by occurrence of public vacant land which is resulted from the grant of Royal Garden, restoration of public rented ground, producton of reclaimed land, utilization of dry river bed. The city parks can be classified in five patterns according to distance from CBD and park area. The first is central parks which have historical characteristics strongly. The second is planned parks that are specialized functionally. The third is large scale urban edge parks which are located in the edge of 23-Gu(district) in Tokyo. The fourth is hill parks which have natural characteristics strongly. The fifth is waterside parks that are located along a lake, a pond, a river, or artificial waterside facilities. From this study I have found out that a great effort has been made to activate the utilization of parks for residents in Tokyo, through mnagement goals and ways of parks, composition and chatacteristics of park facility resources, various Events, residents participation in undertaking of parks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2004

This study aims to suggest the directions of the elementary school landscaping in terms of environmental education. The 96-case of school landscaping projects had been implemented for 2001 - 2002 in Seoul was selected, and the trends and contents of the projects for improving the school landscape was reviewed. Also, specially the 9-case among them was selected and analyzed whether or not the projects were effective for the environmental educational places. The paper showed that it was not fully matched with the environmental education programs in the textbooks that need the actual spaces and facilities including woods, outdoor class, kitchen garden, breeding farm and ecology pond etc. Also, it appeared that the teachers and students did not satisfied with the projects for improving the school landscape. Finally, this paper suggested that the species diversity of plants and animal, water and forest environment should be emphasized on the school landscaping.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.89-101
• /
• 1995

This study is to analyze dwelling environmental planning in old age of middle age. For this purpose. the data were collected by using questionnaire distributed to 332. The data were analyzed by Chisquare test. The major findings of this research were as follow: 1. In housing plan of old age. they prefer new house .that is not exisiting house. independent house and ordindry housing region in the suburbs of urban. 2. It is 69.3～99 square meter what size of house is suitable for independent life of aged person for living with children. it is 102.3～132 square meter. 3. In the stage of independent or semi-independent life. they want aged couple-independent life. In the stage of dependent life. they want to be cared with children. 4. The garden(madang) is the most important space for age couple in establishing housing plan. They want to amplity life recuperation center and job providing facilities. In old age housing project. they prefer housing type with facility that combine old age house with young age house. According to increasement of dependence. the service support system required flexi-care-system.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.297-308
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the environmental characteristics of housing for the elderly preferred by different age groups. By age groups, the result of the study may be described as follows: 1. The young people and the middle aged wanted to live in self-contained unit, but the aged tended to live in the three-generation sharing house to spend their declining years in the future. 2. In the interior housing environment, all three age groups were highly interested in the security facilities than the interior space arrangements of planning of elderly housing. especially, the result of demand of the interior space arrangements in the young people was higher than the old age's. In the exterior housing environment, the garden si the most important space in establishing housing plan.