• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.394-403
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• 2009

A total of 52 sampling sites were selected in the stream network of the upper Paldang watershed (e.g. Kyonan, Gapyeong, Jojong, Chengmi, Bockha, Yanghwa and Heuk streams). Over the time period of April 2007-February 2008, 1820 samples were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical variables of the upper watershed in order to investigate spatio-temporal water quality variation in particular the relationship with land use. Although temporal variations of water quality in each stream were similar and were significantly influenced by flow, spatial variations in each stream varied as physico-chemical characteristics of upper watershed. As a result of regression analysis, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (T-N), and Total phosphorus (T-P) concentration were the most significantly and positively associated with people population density. It is necessary to manage not only water quality but also land use of upper watershed and flow flux.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to figure out interconnections between studies with studies of individual books that information on Listening Examination is included. Through this, what Listening Examination have looked like and how it has been developed were investigated in this study. Methods : Books that information on Listening Examination is included was investigated in order according to the stream of times. Results & Conclusions : Varied information on Listening Examination was mentioned in Neijing. Later, the development that was made in various fields went through the process of integration. Typically, Yixuezhunshengliuyao can serve an example. A previous book mentioned above and Yidengxuyan Wenzhen in the Qing Dynasty were very influential as those were quoted in not a few of books of next generation. In the Qing Dynasty, meanwhile, the new information and a variety of perspectives on the Listening Examination were raised. 'Voice' and 'sound', weakness and firmness, Listening Examination method and theoretical contents became rich in content. Different points of view as follows were raised: divided opinion on two topics such as 'voice' and 'respiration', understanding through Triple Energizer, moisture control and emphasis on relationship between Essence, Qi, Spirit and Life, etc.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.722-730
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• 2016

The carcass traits and meat quality of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) whose diets were supplemented with direct-fed microbial (DFM) and pine cone extract (PCE) were evaluated. Twenty head of Hanwoo steers were divided equally into four groups and for a period of 6 months were given different diets: One group was fed a basal diet as control (CON), the other three groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with DFM-1%, DFM+PCE-1% and DFM+PEC-3%, respectively. DFM+PCE3% diet resulted the lowest carcass quality grade. The loins of DFM-1% contained higher moisture and lower fat than did the loins from the CON group. The crude protein content of DFM+PCE-3% group was significantly higher than that of the other groups. The water holding capacity and Warner-Bratzler shear force of the DFM+PCE-1% and 3% groups were lower than those of the CON and DFM-1% groups. The DFM-1% and 3% groups contained lower saturated fatty acid, higher unsaturated fatty acid, mono-unsaturated fatty acid, and poly-unsaturated fatty acid than did CON and DFM+PCE 1% group. Moreover, the n6:n3 ratios of DFM-1% and DFM+PCE-1% and 3% groups were slightly lower than that of the CON group. Thus we concluded that DFM and PCE supplementation resulted healthier Hanwoo beef with lower fat content and n6:n3 ratio.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.175-191
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• 2011

Colonization patterns and community changes in benthic macroinvertebrates in the Cheonggye Stream, a functionally restored stream in downtown Seoul, Korea, were studied from November 2005 to November 2007. Benthic macroinvertebrates were quantitatively sampled 15 times from five sites in the stream section. Taxa richness (59 species in total) increased gradually over the first year, whereas the density revealed seasonal differences with significantly lower values in the winter season and after flood events. The benthic macroinvertebrate fauna may have drifted from the upstream reaches during floods and from the Han River, arrived aerially, or hitchhiked on artificially planted aquatic plants. Oligochaeta, Chironommidae, Psychodidae, and Hydropsychidae were identified as major community structure contributors in the stream. Swimmers and clingers colonized relatively earlier in the upper and middle reaches, whereas burrowers dominated particularly in the lower reaches. Collector-gatherers colonized at a relatively early period throughout the stream reaches, and collector-filterers, such as the net-spinning caddisfly (Cheumatopyche brevilineata), predominated in the upper and middle reaches after a 1-year time period. Cluster analyses and multi-response permutation procedures demonstrated that the Cheonggye Stream shares more similarities with the Jungnang Stream than with the Gapyeong Stream. Detrended correspondence analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling demonstrated that physical environmental factors (depth, current velocity, dissolved oxygen, and pH) as well as nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorous), water temperature, and conductivity could affect the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in the study streams.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.401-413
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• 2007

This study was some part of the main program making better the lessons in the classroom in which those should focus on the creative and self-leading method. The purpose of study was to create the model of Problem Based Learning and investigate its efficiency For the purpose, those researchers tried to reform the Myers' PBL model through the pilot experiment and could get the Model of Korean School PBL appropriate to the our classroom situations. Thirty six students from the enriched class in the junior high school 3rd grades was involved in the experiment for 8 weeks. The results showed that the experimental group had statistically significant difference in the real problem solving test and attitude test. Specially, those students also showed that the ability to translate the variety of problem situations mathematically was so excellent and they also had their own technique to generate the understand of problem solving situations, but they aid not show the significant ability to pose the meaningful problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.93-108
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• 2014

The inventory list of wildlife species inhabiting or distributing in Gyeonggi Province was made by compiling species data from precedent surveys, 10 national level nature surveys, 1 survey that Gyeonggi-do conducted, and 46 local surveys presented in scientific journals. Total 2,913 wildlife species including 2,041 vascular plants, 39 mammals, 304 birds, 34 herptiles, 145 fish, and 350 benthic macro-invertebrates were listed in the inventory. It explains 47% of nationwide total species in vascular plants, 31.5% in mammals, 58.2% in birds, 65.4% in herptiles, 12.2% in fish. The total number of important species including endangered species, national monuments, national red lists, etc. was 628 species, accounting for 21.6% of all listed species in Gyeonggi Province. More than 90% of endangered bird species, almost half of endangered fish and herptile species were found in Gyeonggi Province. In particular, abundant bird diversity and inhabitation of many endangered bird species were identified in Gyeonggi Province. Species diversity was greater in the northern area adjacent to the Demilitarized Zone and the eastern forest area. The distribution of the important species such as national endangered species was more distinct in these areas, especially in Gapyeong and Yeoncheon Counties. The inventory list compiled in this study implicates the level of management for biological resources and can provide information for policy decisions regarding new survey sites, protection management of specific species and areas, management practices by spatial characteristics. It should be more compiled and updated with survey data to be utilized as basic indices for local biodiversity strategies and management of biological resources.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.3 s.117
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• pp.413-417
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• 2006

Gammarus sobaegensis, a common amphipod crustacean in Korean mountain streams, was experimented in the laboratory in terms of two environmental factors, medium and temperature conditions, which are essential in laboratory rearing. Individuals of G. sobaegensis were collected from a small spring outlet beside Gapyeong stream in Gyeonggi-do, Korea, in December 2003. Survivorships of G. sobaegensis were evaluated from the effect on rearing media (distilled water: DW, tap water: TW, chironomid rearing medium: CM, and stream water: SW) and temperatures (10, 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$). As a result, G. sobaegensis was higher in survivorships at TW followed by SW, CM, and DW and at $10^{\circ}C$ followed by 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.113-124
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• 2011

This study attempted to propose a space planning of rural villages having been connected by small-regions units as a plan of regional economic growth through cultivating native resources located in rural areas and then developing them. As research methods, this study carried out literature research and empirical study at the same time, and then was progressed to directions of deducing a basic plan by applying alternatives to actual object sites based on the results. Endogenous developments of areas through native resources' developments have been emphasized in Korea recently, and various policies and strategies are being appeared for making regional economic growth under these recognitions. However, rural village planning has directed to physical maintenances centering on functionality till now, and composed of facility repairs and experience projects of urban-rural interchanges mostly so as to solve living environments between cities and agricultural villages. Therefore, this study intended to pose discrimination with existing rural village planning, and set up a growth plan of rural villages by cultivating and developing tangible and intangible native resources having been kept in the rural villages and then commercializing them centering on indigenous native resources.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.17 no.2_3
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• pp.81-85
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• 2003

The plant parasitic nematodes were surveyed from Zoysia matrella, Agrotis palustris, and Poa pratensis at Anyang Benest Golf Club, Dongrae Benest Golf Club, and Gapyeong Benest Golf Club and from A. palustris at Castle Pine Golf Club. Criconema sp., Ditylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Meloidogyine sp., Pratylenchus sp., Tylenchus sp., and Tylenchorhynechus sp. were separated from unhealthy turf areas. In addition, Tylenchorhynechus dubius was firstly recorded from A. palustris at the green of Castle Pine Golf Club. Meloidogyne sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Ditylenchus sp., and Pratylenohus were separated from Z. matrella, Meloidogyne sp. and Pratylenchus were from A. palustris, and Meloidogyne sp., Tylenchus sp., Tylenchorhynchus sp., Criconema sp., and Helicotylenchus sp. were from P. pratensis. Out of separated nematodes, Meloidogyne was the most serious nematode and widely distributed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.564-583
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• 2011

The flora of Gitdae-bong area were investigated from March, 2009 to September, 2010. The vascular plants were summarized as 435 taxa; 90 families, 272 genera, 380 species, 3 subspecies, 45 varieties, and 7 forma. Among the investigated 435 taxa, twelve Korean endemic, eight rare plants and 68 specially designated plants by Ministry of Environment were also included. The naturalized plants were 15 taxa and percent of naturalized plant species was 3.4%. Usefulness of plants of 435 taxa listed consists of 203 taxa (46.7%) of edible plants, 141 taxa (32.4%) of medicinal plants, 64 taxa (14.7%) of pasture plants, 44 taxa (10.1%) of ornamental plants, 18 taxa (4.1%) of timber plants, 15 taxa (3.4%) of fiber plants and 4 taxa (0.9%) of industrial plants.