• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.521-521
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• 2015

This study evaluated the gap filler radar as an implementation of the 1.5 km CAPPI data in Korea. The use of the 1.5 km CAPPI data was an inevitable choice, given the topography of the Korean Peninsula and the location of the radar. However, there still exists a significant portion of beam blockage, and thus there has been debate about the need to introduce the gap filler radar (or, the gap-filler). This study evaluated the possible benefits of introducing gap-fillers over the Korean Peninsula. As a first step, the error of the radar data was quantified by the G/R ratio and RMSE, and the radar data over the Korean Peninsula were evaluated. Then, the gap-fillers were located where the error was high, whose effect was then evaluated by the decrease in the G/R ratio and RMSE. The results show that the mean values of the G/R ratio and RMSE of the 1.5 m CAPPI data over the Korean Peninsula were estimated to be about 2.5 and 4.5 mm/hr, respectively. Even after the mean-field bias correction, the RMSE of the 1.5 km CAPPI data has not decreased much to be remained very high around 4.4 mm/hr. Unfortunately, the effect of the gap-filler on the 1.5 CAPPI data was also found very small, just 1 - 2%. However, the gap-filler could be beneficial, if the lowest elevation angle data were used instead of the 1.5 km CAPPI data. The effect of five gap-fillers could be up to 7% decrease in RMSE.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.313-326
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• 2021

Purpose: Prior studies have sought to find antecedent to improve firm performance. However, research on compensation systems and employees' psychological mechanisms have been relatively limited. In this sense, this study has investigated the impact of compensation gap between TMT and employees on firm performance, and explored the factors that affect the above relationship. Specifically, this study analyzed the direct impact of compensation gap on firm performance. In addition, the process of compensation gap to firm performance is assumed to be significantly influenced by employees' recognized promotion system and satisfaction with TMT. Therefore, we examined moderating effects of both promotion probability and opportunity, and satisfaction with TMT on the relationship between compensation gap and firm performance. Methods: For empirical test, financial variables were collected from TS-2000 database, and moderating variables were collected form Job Planet for listed firms in Korea. We conducted hierarchical regression analysis to test hypotheses. Results: The findings of empirical analysis are as follows. First, compensation gap between TMT and employees had a positive effect on firm performance. Second, when promotion probability and opportunity was high, the effect of compensation gap on firm performance was strengthened. Third, when satisfaction with TMT was high, the positive effect of compensation gap on firm performance was also strengthened. Conclusion: Our findings have expanded prior research on human resource management and labor relation by identifying the positive role of compensation gap between TMT and employees on firm outcome. Moreover, our results also indicated that promotion probability and opportunity, and satisfaction with TMT, which has not been addressed well in previous studies, were important conditions enhancing the positive relationship between compensation gap and firm performance. Finally, this study suggest several theoretical and managerial implication with future research direction.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.562-567
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• 2013

1D-numerical analysis of the network algorithm with the orifice equation for the relationship between pressure difference and flowrate has been mostly used to analyse leakage flow at the gap. In this study, a 3D-numerical method applying momentum loss model to the gap region in the computational domain is represented to reflect effectively the effect of leakage flow by determining the proportion of pressure difference to air passage velocity. While the 3D-numerical method is verified through the computation of the two compartments model, the numerical analysis of the stack effect in a building stairway is performed. As the temperature of air outside drops, the pressure in the upper stairway and leakage flowrate through the gap in the door rise. The change of gap area does not have an effect on pressure in the stairway for the analysis conditions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.833-840
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• 2021

This paper examines the effect of the interest rate set by Bank Indonesia on financial system stability as measured by the credit gap in Indonesia for quarterly data for the period 1976 Q1 to 2019 Q4. We suppose that the relationship between the Central Bank rate and the credit gap is non-linear. Hence, this study applies a smooth transition regression (STR) model to investigate the relationship between these variables. Our results are: first, by performing STR estimation we obtained a threshold level of Central Bank rate of 2.01. Second, a decrease in the Central Bank rate results in a reduction in the credit gap when the Central Bank rate is above or below the threshold level. The effect of the Central Bank rate is five times greater for the high regime than for the low regime. Third, we find evidence that the effect of the exchange rate, economic growth, inflation, and GDP per capita on the credit gap for the high regime is the opposite of the low regime. We suggest that policymakers need to keep the Central Bank interest rate low and stable so that the role of the bank as a financial intermediary remains stable and conducive to strengthening financial stability.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.827-836
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• 2004

The design parameter of the heat loss for the pressurized water reactor has been studied. The heat loss from the reactor vessel through the air gap. insulation are analysed by using the computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT. Parametric study has been performed on the air gap width between the reactor vessel wall and the inner surface of the insulation, and on the insulation thickness. Also evaluated is the performance degradation due to the chimney effect due to gaps left between the panels during the installation of the insulation system. From the analysis results, the optimal with of air gap and insulation thickness and the value of heat loss are obtained The results show how the heat loss varies with the air gap width and insulation thickness. The temperature and the velocity distributions are also presented. From the results of the evaluation. the optimal air gap width and the optimal insulation thickness are obtained. As the difference between the predicted heat loss and measured heat loss from the reactor vessel is construed Primarily as losses due to chimney effect. the contribution of the chimney effect to the total heat loss is quantitatively indicated.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 2015

There is a gap between the inner wall of a pulse tube and an underwater acoustic material when the measurement for transmission loss by the pulse tube is carried out. In this paper, the effect, which is caused by the gap, for the measurement of transmission loss is analyzed. Transmission coefficient is derived from the ratio of the pressures between front and rear of the gap. Then, transmission loss for specimen with a gap is obtained by combining the transmission coefficients of the gap and specimen. The results of experiment and simulation for a specimen of stainless steel with 10 mm thickness are compared in order to evaluate the simulation model. Finally, simulations with respect to the gap size and transmission loss of a specimen are performed to analyze and evaluate the effect of the gap in measurement of transmission loss.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-41
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• 2015

The purpose of the study is to review the real situations of the income-gap between urban and rural areas which is focused on as one of the biggest issues revealed in the process of Chinese economic development and to find out which factors will alleviate or deteriorate such income-gap, also to find out such factors will effect differently on the regional characteristics. To analyze it, six factors such as industrialization-ratio, urbanization-ratio, tertiary industry-ratio, the level of both governmental educational support and agricultural support, and Chinese dual-economic structure are considered as explanatory variables, and OLS regression analysis was implemented to the factor data for the period of 1986-2007 about Chinese 31 districts(castles and cities). The results of the analysis show that both industrialization factors and urbanization factors affect significantly to alleviate income-gap between urban and rural areas, and as predicted, they also shows that dual-economic structure between urban and rural areas is the most biggest factors to enlarge the above mentioned income-gap. However, in accordance to the different level of economic development in eastern, central, and western districts the study shows that such factors will affect them differently respectively. The contents are as follows; In eastern district governmental educational support factor will affect the most great influence to alleviate the income-gap, in central district industrialization factor will affect the most great influence to alleviate the gap, and western district governmental agricultural support factor will affect the most great influence to alleviate the gap. Therefore, in solving the issue of income-gap between urban and rural areas in China we recommend that it is necessary for more differential policy in considering regional characteristics than unilateral policy to Chinese whole areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.914-922
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• 2003

The FFS (fringe-field switching) mode was known to exhibit both a wide viewing angle and high transmittance, especially when using a liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy. We have studied cell gap-dependent electrode-optic characteristics of the FFS mode using the LC with negative dielectric anisotropy. In case of a small cell gap of 2 ${\mu}$m, the transmittance at the center of pixel and common electrodes is relatively low because effect of surface anchoring that holds the LC to the initial state is larger than that in a large cell gap of 4 .urn such that the LCs in those regions cannot rotate enough. However, in case of a large cell gap of 4 .urn, the effect of surface anchoring becomes relatively small so that the LCs at the center of pixel and common electrode can be twisted enough by applied voltage, giving rise to high transmittance. Therefore, we can conclude that the light efficiency is dependent on the cell gap.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2007

A high density optical data storage device has been required for many years. In the field of the optical data storage, a near-field recording (NFR) technology is considered as a next generation one for achieving the high data density. Due to an evanescent wave effect occurred under 100nm distance which is the excessively small distance between the SIL and the disc, the most significant and difficult problem in this technology is to maintain a gap between a solid immersion lens (SIL) and a disc. Also, maintaining the gap under at least 50nm is required in the NFR gap servo system to use the evanescent wave effect efficiently. There are some institutes that have shown the novel gap servo control. In general, they use a mode switching servo method which consists of approach, hand-over and gap control mode. However there is a critical problem such as an overshoot at the tuning point from the approach mode to the hand-over mode, which may cause a collision between the SIL and the disc. In this paper, we show our NFR system and an improved gap servo system using an exponential function as the approach mode which can reduce the overshoot.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.396-405
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• 2002

An experimental study on counter-current flow limitation phenomena in narrow annular passages was carried out The gap sizes tested were 1, 2 and 3 mm. This is very small compared with the outer diameter of the annular passage, 500 mm. It was visually observed that a CCFL might occur in some part of the periphery while the other part is remained in a counter current flow pattern. That is, non-uniform behaviour of fluids due 4o a 2-dimensional effect appear in a large diameter facility. Because of this non-uniformity, a CCFL is defined in the present work as the situation where net water accumulation is sustained. That is, some amount of water should not be allowed to penetrate the gap and accumulate over the gap at CCFL criterion. The measured data are presented in the form of Wallis＇type correlation with characteristic length of gap size. It was found that the present correlation is in good agreement with other empirical correlation based on measurements whose test section diameter is close and the gap size is much larger than that of the present test section.