• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.261-269
• /
• 2014

Most areas in Gangwon-do are mountainous regions where causes heavy damages due to landslides. It is important to analyze basic factors influencing the cause of landslides in order to prevent such landslides. For this study, a landslide occurring site is extracted from aerial images taken after the landslide caused by typhoon 'Ewiniar' in Pyeongchang area 2006. Also, the overlay analysis with the topographic, forest, and soil maps in this area is performed using GIS based methods. In addition, the topographic, forest, and soil characteristics relating to the landslide factors are analyzed. As a result, large numbers of landslides occurred at a slope angle of $20^{\circ}-40^{\circ}$. In the case of the forest factors, there are close relationships between the artificial pine and larch forests and the frequency of landslides. The low forest density represents a weakness in landslides. In the case of the soil factors, a higher level in the surface soil with a type of sandy loam soil, a higher gravel content in subsoil, and a higher degree of acid rocks in soil parent materials cause higher frequencies in landslides.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.107-119
• /
• 2003

Serious damages occurred in Yeongdong area of Gangwondo by typoon Rusa in August, 2002. Therefore, this study intends to investigate and analyse the characteristics of landslide having occurred in Gangneung area. 11 sites including many features of landslide were selected and scales, soil properties and a state of vegatation of slopes were investigated. It can be concluded that rainfall intensity, the velocity of the wind, geomorphology, vegatation and forest fire etc. are considered as main factors affecting occurrence of landslides in this area.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.57-71
• /
• 2012

Influences of orographic and ocean effect, which depend on the detailed geographic characteristics, upon winter time (December-February) precipitation in the Yeongdong region are investigated. Most of precipitation events in the Yeongdong region during the wintertime are associated with moist northeasterly (coming from the northeast direction) winds and also the spatial distribution of precipitation shows a great difference between Mountain area (Daegwallyeong) and Coastal area (Gangneung). The linear correlation coefficient between the meteorological variables obtained from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data and precipitation amount for each precipitation type is calculated. Mountain type precipitation is dominated by northeasterly wind speed of the low level (1000 hPa and 925 hPa) and characterized with more precipitation in mountain area than coastal area. However, Coastal type precipitation is affected by temperature difference between ocean and atmosphere, and characterized with more precipitation in coastal area than mountain area. The results are summarized as follows; In the case of mountain type precipitation, the correlation coefficient between wind speed at 1000 hPa (925 hPa) and precipitation amount at Daegwallyeong is 0.60 (0.61). The correlation is statistical significant at 1% level. In the case of coastal type precipitation, the correlation coefficient of temperature difference between ocean and 925 hPa (850 hPa) over the East sea area and precipitation amount at Gangneung is 0.33 (0.34). As for the mountain type precipitation, a detailed analysis was conducted in order to verify the relationship between precipitation amount at Daegwallyeong and low level wind speed data from wind profiler in Gangneung and Buoy in the East Sea. The results also show the similar behavior. This result indicates that mountain type precipitation in the Yeongdong region is closely related with easterly wind speed. Thus, the statistical analysis of the few selected meteorological variables can be a good indicator to estimate the precipitation totals in the Yeongdong region in winter time.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.119-122
• /
• 2008

The crossing laminar screw fixation might be the most recently developed approach among various fixation techniques for C2. The new construct has stability comparable to transarticular or transpedicular screw fixation without risk of vertebral artery injury. Quantitative anatomical studies about C2 vertebra suggest significant variation in the thickness of C2 lamina as well as cross sectional area of junction of lamina and spinous process. We present an elderly patient who underwent an occipito-cervical stabilization incorporating crossed C2 laminar screw fixation. We preoperatively recognized that she had low profiles of C2 lamina, and thus made a modification of trajectory for the inferiorly crossing screw. We introduce a simple modification of crossing C2 laminar screw technique to improve stability in patients with low laminar profiles.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.54 no.3
• /
• pp.217-229
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the soft-tissue change after the maxillary protraction therapy using threedimensional (3D) facial images. Materials and Methods: This study used pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) 3D facial images from thirteen Class III malocclusion patients (6 boys and 7 girls; mean age, $8.9{\pm}2.2years$) who received maxillary protraction therapy. The facial images were taken using the optical scanner (Rexcan III 3D scanner), and T1 and T2 images were superimposed using forehead area as a reference. The soft-tissue changes after the treatment (T2-T1) were three-dimensionally calculated using 15 soft-tissue landmarks and 3 reference planes. Results: Anterior movements of the soft-tissue were observed on the pronasale, subnasale, nasal ala, soft-tissue zygoma, and upper lip area. Posterior movements were observed on the lower lip, soft-tissue B-point, and soft-tissue gnathion area. Vertically, most soft-tissue landmarks moved downward at T2. In transverse direction, bilateral landmarks, i.e. exocanthion, zygomatic point, nasal ala, and cheilion moved more laterally at T2. Conclusion: Facial soft-tissue of Class III malocclusion patients was changed three-dimensionally after maxillary protraction therapy. Especially, the facial profile was improved by forward movement of midface and downward and backward movement of lower face.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.26 no.10
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2010

In every summer season, most of the slope failures and debris flows occurr due to seasonal rain, typhoon, and localized extreme rainfall in Gangwon Province where 83% of the area is of mountain region. To investigate the slope-hazard triggering rainfall characteristics in Gangwon Province, slope hazard data, precipitation records, and forest fire data were collected and the DATABASE was constructed. Analysis results based on the DATABASE showed that many slope hazards occurred when there was little rainfall and the preceding rainfall had more effect on the slope hazard than the rainfall intensity at the day of hazard. It also showed that the burned area by forest fire was highly susceptible to slope hazard with low rainfall intensity, and the slope hazard in burned area showed highest frequency, especially, under the rainfall below 2-year return period.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.40
• /
• pp.19.1-19.6
• /
• 2018

Background: Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease (CPDD) is a rare disease in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space. It forms a calcified crystal mass and induces a limitation of joint movement. Case presentation: The calcified mass in our case was occupied in the left TMJ area and extended to the infratemporal and middle cranial fossa. For a complete excision of this mass, we performed a vertical ramus osteotomy and resected the mass around the mandibular condyle. The calcified mass in the infratemporal fossa was carefully excised, and the segmented mandible was anatomically repositioned. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis was performed to evaluate the calcified mass. The result of SEM/EDS showed that the crystal mass was completely composed of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate. This result strongly suggested that the calcified mass was CPDD in the TMJ area. Conclusions: CPDD in the TMJ is a rare disease and is difficult to differentially diagnose from other neoplasms. A histological examination and quantitative microanalysis are required to confirm the diagnosis. In our patient, CPDD in the TMJ was successfully removed via the extracorporeal approach. SEM/EDS microanalysis was used for the differential diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2023

To analyze the slope characteristics of solar power plant installation region in Gangwon province, the installation status of solar power plant in Gangneung and Wonju city were investigated using GIS technique and satellite map. The solar power plant installation of Gangneung and Wonju city is 36 and 48 regions. Through topographical data of solar power plant installation region, a database for area, slope inclination, and elevation was construced. Based on the database, the slope characteristics of solar power plant installation region in Gangneung and Wonju city was analyzed. The results showed that the slope of Wonju city has a relatively higher slope inclination than Gangneung city. In addition, Gangneng and Wonju cities have many regions with maximum inclination of 15° and 34° or more within the solar power plant.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 2016

Background: In this article, it was analyzed how snow melting affects the assembly of lichen and moss communities in a small area of the coastal region of Barton Peninsula, which is in maritime Antarctic. In the small area, even though there is a huge gap of difference of the environment between the snow-filled area and snow-melt one, the latter did not have distinctive environmental gradients. Results: Depending on the snow melting time, coverage and species diversity of lichens and mosses tend to increase remarkably. For species with significant changes depending on the snow-covered period, there are Andreaea regularis, crustose lichens, Placopsis contortuplicata, Usnea aurantiaco-atra, and snow algae. In this area, the process of vegetation assembly process has shown the directional development in the order of snow algae${\rightarrow}$crustose, lichen sub-formation${\rightarrow}$fruticose lichen, moss cushion sub-formation (Andreaea sociation)${\rightarrow}$fruticose lichen, and moss cushion sub-formation (Usnea sociation), according to the order of snow melting. These directional development stages are shown in gradual change in small area with the snow melting phenomena. However, in the snow-free area, where water is sufficiently supplied, it is expected that moss carpet sub-formation (Sanionia sociation) will be developed. Vegetation development in the small area with the snow melting phenomena, depending on differences of resistance on snow kill and moisture settled by species in according to the time of snow melting, tolerance model to form community is followed. Conclusions: The research results explain the development of vegetation in the Antarctic tundra and its spatial distribution according to the period for growth of lichens and mosses in the summer time by differences of snow melting in the small area. In the future, if research for the community development process in a large scale will be done, it will be helpful to figure out temporal and spatial dynamic of vegetation in the Antarctic tundra where snow and glaciers melt rapidly due to climatic warming.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2018

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common chronic degenerative disease and prevalent among women in rural area. A variety of self-management programs for arthritis patients have been developed and administered, however the effectiveness and adherence to the program including arthritis exercise are found to be low. The purpose of this study is to design intervention Arthritis Self-Management Program with Tai Chi (ASMP-TC) through identifying and analyzing attributes influencing adherence exercise behavior in Korean older adult women with arthritis in rural area. For this, the existing and relevant evidence on arthritis self-management including exercise intervention were investigated, and then this study describes well-designed arthritis self-management program to provide the credibility and validity necessary for its interventions. In addition, this study try to propose a self-management program model of Tai Chi exercise for rural older adults to improve adherence based on the primary health care facility, which is vulnerable area in Korea.