• 제목/요약/키워드: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

검색결과 372건 처리시간 0.025초

클로렐라 균주의 분리 동정 및 열수 추출물의 이화학적 조성 (Isolation and Identification of Chlorella sp. CMS-1 and the Chemical Composition of Its Hot Water Extract)

  • 차재영;김정욱;박보경;진현진;김성영;조영수
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제18권12호
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    • pp.1723-1727
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    • 2008
  • 클로렐라의 생리활성 물질을 활용하여 기능성 식품을 개발하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 클로렐라 배양장에서 생육이 빠른 클로렐라를 분리하여 동정하고 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 분리된 클로렐라는 전형적인 둥근 모양과 $3{\mu}m$ 크기로 주름진 형태를 취하고 있었다. 분리된 클로렐라의 동정을 위하여 18S rRNA sequences를 실시한 결과 Chlorella sp. IFRPD 1018와 99%의 높은 상동성을 보여 Chlorella sp.와 거의 일치하여 Chlorella sp. CMS-1로 명명하였다. 클로렐라 열수 추출물에 조단백질 함량이 59.21%로 많이 함유되어 있었고, 조지방 함량은 0.01%로 미량 함유되어 있었다. 클로렐라 CMS-1의 무기질 농도는 K 2.52%, P 2.25%, Mg 0.63%, Ca 0.63% 순으로 함유되어 있었다. 클로렐라 CMS-1의 주요 구성 아미노산은 glutamic acid 6.21%, alanine 5.76%, aspartic acid 5.44% 순이였으며, 특히 유리아미노산 중 ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)의 함량은 7.13%로 전체 유리아미노산의 63.8% 비율로 차지하였고 그 다음으로 L-alanine 1.44%, L-glutamic acid 0.90%, L-leucine 0.26%, L-glycine 0.20% 순으로 함유되어 있었다.

γ-Aminobutyric Acid Metabolism in Plant under Environment Stressses

  • Ham, Tae-Ho;Chu, Sang-Ho;Han, Sang-Jun;Ryu, Su-Noh
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제57권2호
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    • pp.144-150
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    • 2012
  • ${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed in plant and animal kingdom. GABA is found in tissues of the central nervous system (CNS) in animals. GABA functions as a the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS by acting through the GABA receptors. Clinical studies have revealed the relationship between an increased intake of GABA or analogues with several health benefits, including lowering of blood pressure in mildly hypertensive animals and humans. Furthermore, GABA would also has an inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation, stimulates cancer cell apoptosis and plays a role in alcohol-associated diseases and schizophrenia. In plants, interest in the GABA emerged mainly from experimental observations that GABA is largely and rapidly produced in large amounts in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we speculated the properties and metabolism of GABA in plant and functions in relation to the responses to environmental stresses.

Stimulation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Synthesis Activity in Brown Rice by a Chitosan/Glutamic Acid Germination Solution and Calcium/Calmodulin

  • Oh, Suk-Heung
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.319-325
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    • 2003
  • Changes in the concentrations of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA), soluble calcium ions, glutamic acid, and the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) were investigated in non-germinated vs. germinated brown rice. Brown rice was germinated for 72 h by applying each of the following solutions: (1) distilled water, (2) 5 mM lactic acid, (3) 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM lactic acid, (4) 5 mM glutamic acid, and (5) 50 ppm chitosan in 5 mM glutamic acid. GABA concentrations were enhanced in all of the germinated brown rice when compared to the non-germinated brown rice. The GABA concentration was highest in the chitosan/glutamic acid that germinated brown rice at 2,011 nmol/g fresh weight, which was 13 times higher than the GABA concentration in the non-germinated brown rice at 154 nmol/g fresh weight. The concentrations of glutamic acid were significantly decreased in all of the germinated rice, regardless of the germination solution. Soluble calcium and GAD were higher in the germinated brown rice with the chitosan/glutamic acid solution when compared to the rice that was germinated in the other solutions. GAD that was partially purified from germinated brown rice was stimulated about 3.6-fold by the addition of calmodulin in the presence of calcium. These data show that the germination of brown rice in a chitosan/glutamic acid solution can significantly increase GABA synthesis activity and the concentration of GABA.

팽이버섯(Flammulina velutipes) 분말의 젖산발효를 통한 고농도 γ-aminobutyric acid 함유 천연 발효조미료 개발 (Development of natural fermented seasoning with Flammulina velutipes powder fortified with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by lactic acid fermentation)

  • 박은진;이승욱;이삼빈
    • 한국식품저장유통학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.237-245
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    • 2017
  • 팽이버섯 분말을 이용하여 기능성물질인 GABA 및 probiotics를 강화시킨 천연 발효조미료를 개발하기 위해서 L. plantarum EJ2014에 의한 젖산발효 최적화 연구를 수행하였다. 팽이버섯 분말에 영양성분 0.5% YE, 1% glucose, GABA 전구물질인 5% MSG를 첨가한 후 $30^{\circ}C$에서 5일간 젖산발효를 진행한 결과 발효 2일 동안 pH는 6.1에서 4.4로 감소하다가 발효 5일에 6.2로 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 산도는 발효 2일 동안 0.5%에서 1.3%로 증가한 후 발효 5일에 다시 0.4%로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 생균수는 초기 젖산균 스타터 $2.4{\times}10^7CFU/mL$에서 발효 1일째 $2.2{\times}10^9CFU/mL$로 증가한 후 5일 동안 계속 유지되었다. 전구물질인 MSG는 발효 4일에 대부분이 이용되면서 약 2.31% 농도의 GABA로 전환되었으며 DPPH radical 소거 활성은 $IC_{50}$ 값이 1.24 mg/mL로, ABTS radical 소거 활성에서 $IC_{50}$ 값은 1.53 mg/mL로 나타나면서, 발효물의 항산화 효과가 증진되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 팽이버섯 발효물 30 g에 볶은 밀기울 1 g을 첨가하여 열풍 건조한 천연 발효조미료의 GABA 함량은 17%로 고농도의 GABA를 함유하여 probiotic 기능성이 강화되며 기호성을 갖는 발효조미료 및 건강소재의 제조가 가능하였다.

Effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, meat quality, and backfat in finishing pigs

  • Zhang, Jian Ying;Hu, Jing;Kim, In Ho
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.105-113
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    • 2018
  • This experiment was conducted to estimate the influence of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, meat quality, and backfat in finishing pigs. A total of 100 mixed finisher pigs [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments for 10 weeks, the average initial body weight was $52.03{\pm}1.08kg$. Dietary treatments consisted of supplementation of GABA to 0.05% of the basal diet (GAB) and a CON (basal diet) without supplementation. Each treatment had 10 replicates with 5 pigs per pen (three gilts and two barrows). Measurements were made at three time period: weeks 1 - 5, weeks 5 - 10 and overall experimental period. Compared to CON, the pigs fed GABA had average daily gain (ADG) increases among phases (p < 0.05). Average Daily Feed Intake ADFI increased during the overall experimental period (p < 0.05). The digestibility of Dry Matter (DM) increased. The concentration of epinephrine decreased at 5th and 10th weeks (p < 0.05), meanwhile, cortisol decreased at 10th week (p < 0.05) in GAB treatment. Otherwise, the pigs' GABA supplementation had no effect on meat quality and backfat thickness (p > 0.05). We conclude that a dietary supplementation of GABA at 0.05% improves growth performance and the digestibility of dry matter, while reducing the stress response of finishing pigs.

Acceleration of Aglycone Isoflavone and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Production from Doenjang Using Whole-Cell Biocatalysis Accompanied by Protease Treatment

  • Li, Yincong;Ku, Seockmo;Park, Myeong Soo;Li, Zhipeng;Ji, Geun Eog
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제27권11호
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    • pp.1952-1960
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    • 2017
  • Recently, soybean isoflavone aglycones (i.e., daidzein and genistein) and ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) have begun to receive considerable consumer attention owing to their potential as nutraceuticals. To produce these ingredients, multiple microorganisms and their enzymes are commonly used for catalysis in the nutraceutical industry. In this work, we introduce a novel fermentation process that uses whole-cell biocatalysis to accelerate GABA and isoflavone aglycone production in doenjang (a traditional Korean soybean paste). Microbial enzymes transform soybean isoflavone glycosides (i.e., daidzin and genistin) and monosodium glutamate into soybean isoflavone aglycones and GABA. Lactobacillus brevis GABA 100 and Aspergillus oryzae KACC 40250 significantly reduced the production time with the aid of a protease. The resulting levels of GABA and daidzein were higher, and genistein production resembled the levels in traditional doenjang fermented for over a year. Concentrations of GABA, daidzein, and genistein were measured as 7,162, 60, and $59{\mu}g/g$, respectively on the seventh day of fermentation. Our results demonstrate that the administration of whole-cell L. brevis GABA 100 and A. oryzae KACC 40250 paired with a protease treatment is an effective method to accelerate GABA, daidzein, and genistein production in doenjang.

저분자 해양성 콜라겐과 γ-Aminobutyric Acid 생성 Lactobacillus brevis CFM20을 함유하는 이중코팅캡슐의 제조 및 특성 (Preparation and Characterization of Double-Layered Coated Capsule Containing Low Molecular Marine Collagen and γ-Aminobutyric Acid Producing Lactobacillus brevis CFM20)

  • 김선영;오도건;김광엽
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제46권7호
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    • pp.857-867
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 저분자 해양성 콜라겐과 GABA 생성 L. brevis CFM20의 섭취 시 다양한 인체 장내 조건에 의한 유산균의 사멸과 콜라겐의 분해를 최소화하고자 진행되었다. 유산균과 저분자 해양성 콜라겐의 안정성을 향상하기 위하여 alginate와 chitosan을 이용하여 이중코팅캡슐을 제조하였다. L. brevis CFM20의 온도별 생육특성을 분석하여 캡슐화에 유리한 배양온도를 조사한 결과 $37^{\circ}C$에서 배양한 균의 대수기가 가장 빠르고 GABA양 또한 $400{\mu}g/mL$로 가장 높은 수치를 나타내어 생육속도에서 가장 유리한 것으로 나타났다. Calcium-alginate bead 법으로 캡슐을 제조한 결과 1~2 mm 사이의 일정한 구형의 캡슐을 제조하였으며, chitosan을 이용하여 이중코팅캡슐을 제조한 결과 캡슐의 크기가 감소하였고 외형적으로도 더욱 단단해짐을 확인하였다. 제조된 이중코팅캡슐을 CLSM과 SEM을 이용하여 관찰한 결과, chitosan 코팅을 한 이중코팅캡슐의 표면이 alginate와의 가교결합에 의해 더욱 치밀해짐을 확인하였다. 체내 위와 장내 조건에서 시간에 따른 이중코팅캡슐의 L. brevis CFM 20 생균수를 분석한 결과 캡슐화한 경우 균의 감소가 더디어 더 안정하다고 판단하였다. 이중코팅캡슐을 체내 위와 장내 조건에서 시간에 따른 GABA와 hydroxyproline의 용출량을 분석한 결과 두 경우 모두 위 조건에서는 낮은 수치를 나타내었고 장내 조건에서는 시간이 지남에 따라 급격하게 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 동물실험 결과 콜라겐 섭취군이 비섭취군에 비해 체중증가량, 혈청 지질 농도 등이 적은 것을 확인하였고, 혈액 내 hydroxyproline 함량, 진피의 피부조직 밀도가 더 높은 것으로 관찰되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 이중코팅캡슐을 섭취하는 경우 위에서는 안정한 상태였다가 장에 도달한 후 붕해됨으로 인하여, 유산균, GABA, 콜라겐 및 키토산의 작용으로 인체에 유익한 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB)와 5-L 발효기를 이용한 γ-Aminobutyric Acid 생산기술 개발 (Evaluation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Production by Lactic Acid Bacteria Using 5-L Fermentor)

  • 김나연;김지민;라채훈
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.559-565
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    • 2021
  • 유산균 L. plantarum SGL058과 L. lactis SGL027로부터 OFAT 방법을 이용하여 탄소원 및 질소원의 종류와 농도에 대해 실험을 진행하였다. 또한 TLC 분석방법을 통해 GABA 생성능력이 우수한 균주 L. plantarum SGL058과 L. lactis SGL027를 선정하였다. 두 균주를 이용하여 각각 5-L 발효기에서 546.7 ㎍/ml (L. plantarum SGL058)과 404.6 ㎍/ml (L. lactis SGL027)의 GABA를 생산하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 유산균을 이용한 GABA 생산과정에 있어서 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 판단된다.

Genetic Background Behind the Amino Acid Profiles of Fermented Soybeans Produced by Four Bacillus spp.

  • Jang, Mihyun;Jeong, Do-Won;Heo, Ganghun;Kong, Haram;Kim, Cheong-Tae;Lee, Jong-Hoon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.447-455
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    • 2021
  • Strains of four Bacillus spp. were respectively inoculated into sterilized soybeans and the free amino acid profiles of the resulting cultures were analyzed to discern their metabolic traits. After 30 days of culture, B. licheniformis showed the highest production of serine, threonine, and glutamic acid; B. subtilis exhibited the highest production of alanine, asparagine, glycine, leucine, proline, tryptophan, and lysine. B. velezensis increased the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration to >200% of that in the control samples. B. sonorensis produced a somewhat similar amino acid profile with B. licheniformis. Comparative genomic analysis of the four Bacillus strains and the genetic profiles of the produced free amino acids revealed that genes involved in glutamate and arginine metabolism were not common to the four strains. The genes gadA/B (encoding a glutamate decarboxylase), rocE (amino acid permease), and puuD (γ-glutamyl-γ-aminobutyrate hydrolase) determined GABA production, and their presence was species-specific. Taken together, B. licheniformis and B. velezensis were respectively shown to have high potential to increase concentrations of glutamic acid and GABA, while B. subtilis has the ability to increase essential amino acid concentrations in fermented soybean foods.