• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the growth inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes by mycelial culture broth of Paecilomyces japonica in the Mulberry leaf extract. The growth inhibition effect of P. japonica mycelial culture broth against P. acnes in various concentration of Mulberry leaf extract was the most effective in 3% Mulberry leaf extract. The inhibition effect of P. japonica mycelial culture broth against P. acnes according to the culture time was the moust effective after 25 days mycelial cultivation. As the treating amount of the mycelial culture broth was increased, the growth inhibition effect against P. acnes was increased gradually. The growth inhibition effect of mycelial culture broth against P. acnes according to the time of heat treatment was active by 45min at $100^{\circ}C$, while it was inactive more than 60min at $100^{\circ}C$. This result suggested that the antibacterial materials are possible to be glycoside or peptides. Taken together P. japonica mycelial culture in the Mulbarry leaf extract has a possibility to be an element of skin-care cosmetics regulating the acnes.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2001

Skin mucous cells in the three regions of the body in Pseudobagrus fulvidaraco and Leiocassius nitidus were investigated using three histochemical methods (PAS, AB-PAS and HID). In the two species, components of mucous cell were not distinguished in each region, but presented a differences in position and type, size, and count in all regions. Mucous cells of P. fulvidraco were located in two layers, a superficial epithelial cell and the space within alarm substance cells (ASCs). Mucous cells of L. nitidus were situated only in the superficial epithelial cell layer. The size of mucous cells in the ASC layer were larger than those of the superficial epithelial cells for all measured values: diameter, length, width, and area. In the superficial epithelial cell layer, the average number of mucous cells within the three regions did not differ significantly between species by unpaired T-test, but the average number of those within two cell layers of P. fulvidraco had a similarity at each region by paired T-test. The dismilarity in dorsal and ventral regions in average number of ASCs between P. fulvidraco and L. niditus was confirmed by unpaired T-test.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2010

This study was aimed to investigate the contents of flavonoids and the biological activity of fermented beverage of medical plants, DeulBit (DB). 50 g of Cassia semen (Cassia tora L.), 50 g of Omija (Schisandra chinensis Baillon.), 50 g of Gugija (Lycium chinense Mill), 50g of Menthae herba, 75 g of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne, 25 g of Dioscorea batatas, 5 g of Lindera obtusiloba Blume, 150 g of Polygonatum odoratum, 25 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 25 g of Acanthopanacis cortex, 100 g of green tea (Camellia sinensis), and 100 g of Laminaria japonica was fermented with sucrose ($50.0{\sim}60.0^{\circ}Brix$.) and 0.5% of deep sea water in 10 L of distilled water for six months at room temperature. Total flavonoids contents of DB was calculated to $3.4{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}g/g$ and antioxidative activity of DB was measured by using DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity. DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity of DB was 96% and 29% at 100% of DB, respectively. In addition, DB indicated about 88% and 66% of the xanthine oxidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities at 1% and 10% of DB, respectively and showed fibrinolytic activity. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was increased to 15 times by addition of DB. In addition, NO productions of the macrophages RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were reduced to 40.4% by addition of DB. These results suggested that DB is significant role for antioxidative and fibrinolytic activity, and have the strong xanthine oxidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.911-921
• /
• 1997

Recently the interest in natural dyeing has been increased because of the color clarity, natural grace and reactionism in fashion. Indigo dyeing, safflower dyeing and Gal-ott in Cheju-Do become generally known, so the study about the natural dyeing is continued with national intrust and support. In this study, 1 used artemisia for various dyeing tests because we can get it easily. 1 tested the dyeability in wool as well as cotton and silk with wormwood in natural dyeing material. I also dyed nylon with the same material for the comparison of the molecular structure. The mercerization and the chitosan treatment were done in cotton to improve the low dyeability in the natural dyeing. The result of this study are as follows; We have to dye repeatedly to get deep color in natural dyeing, and mordant treatment brought good result in color difference and dyeing fastness. 1. Compared with silk, wool and nylon, the dyeability of cotton was the worse. The color difference of cotton was 18.81 without mordants , and 24.05 with mordant. The dyeability of cotton was much increased by mordants such as potassiumdichromate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate and salt water. The color of cotton was turned into yellow-green in potassium dichromate and yellow-green with deep green in copper sulfate. The mercerization and the chitosan treatment of cotton made the improvement in color, dyeability, laundering fastness, abrasion fastness. 2. The color difference of silk was 3 times as high as cotton. It showed the similar degree with the chitosan treated-cotton. That is to say, silk had good dyeability because it contains amino group and carboxyl group. The dyebility of silk was increased by a mordant such as iron sulfate, potassium dichromate and salt water, Drycleaning fastness showed 5 grade, abrasion-fastness was high over 4~5 grade and sunlight fastness showed 1 grade in all case. 3. The color difference of wool was the best among four fabrics because of 18 kinds of amino acids. It is considered that the sulfate of wool has the polarity and help metal- mordants get the better dyeability such as potassium dichromate, iron sulfate, copper sulfate, and aluminum chloride. The color was reddish-green in potassium dichromate, yellow.greenin iron sulfate and copper sulfate, and yellow in the rest mordants. Drycleaning fastness of wool showed over 4~5 grade, abrasion fastness 5 grade. Sunlight-fastness 1 grade. 4. The dyeability of nylon was almost same because of the similar molecular structure with silk. The clarity of color was poor. The color was yellow-green in copper sulfate and yellow in the rest mordants. Laundering fastness and abrasion-fastness of nylon was good. Sunlight- fastness represented 1 grade.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.174-178
• /
• 2001

Background and Objective: Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy has been used in the treatment of the benign thyroid diseases. Although the reported side-effects of the therapy was mild and transient, some side-effects including local or radiating pain are troublesome to the patients. Radioactive iodine-131($Ra-^{131}I$) also has been effectively and safely used for management of the benign thyroid diseases. So we developed the percutaneous intranodular injection therapy of $Ra-^{131}I$ as an alternative of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy. Materials and Methods: From December 1998 to October 1999, we treated 29 outpatients (25 women and 4 men, mean age: $47{\pm}12$ years). Inclusion criteria were follows; age >30 years, cytologically benign, with normal thyroid function, cold nodule on thyroid scintigram, solid or mixed natured nodules in sonographical evaluation. Nodular volume was estimated by sonography according to the ellipsoid formula. $Ra-^{131}I$(0.1mCi/ml) was administered in a single dose injection. Follow-up studies every 3 months consisted of full history, thyroid function test, and sonography. We determined the therapeutic response is effective if the volume reduction of the nodule occurred above 30%. Results: After at least 3 months follow-up, 11 patients showed effective response, 12 patients showed minimal or unchanged response and 6 patients showed progression. Although side-effects such as injection pain, febrile reaction, and hormonal changes were absent, an infectious complication in injection site was developed from 1 case. Conclusion: Although we need a more prolonged follow-up to evaluate the delayed sequelae, we can suggest that percutaneous intranodular injection therapy of $Ra-^{131}I$ may be an attractive non-surgical treatment in selected cases of benign thyroid nodules.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.438-452
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Brain senescence causes cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. It has also been demonstrated that curcumin (Cur) and hesperetin (Hes), both antioxidant polyphenolic compounds, mediate anti-aging and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether Cur, Hes, and/or their combination exert anti-aging effects in D-galactose (Dg)-induced aged neuronal cells and rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: SH-SY5Y cells differentiated in response to retinoic acid were treated with Cur (1 μM), Hes (1 μM), or a combination of both, followed by 300 mM Dg. Neuronal loss was subsequently evaluated by measuring average neurite length and analyzing expression of β-tubulin III, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and neurofilament heavy polypeptide. Cellular senescence and related proteins, p16 and p21, were also investigated, including their regulation of antioxidant enzymes. In vivo, brain aging was induced by injecting 250 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) Dg. The effects of supplementing this model with 50 mg/kg b.w. Cur, 50 mg/kg b.w. Hes, or a combination of both for 3 months were subsequently evaluated. Brain aging was examined with a step-through passive avoidance test and apoptosis markers were analyzed in brain cortex tissues. RESULTS: Cur, Hes, and their combination improved neuron length and cellular senescence by decreasing the number of β-gal stained cells, down-regulated expression of p16 and p21, and up-regulated expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase 1, glutathione peroxidase 1, and catalase. Administration of Cur, Hes, or their combination also tended to ameliorate cognitive impairment and suppress apoptosis in the cerebral cortex by down-regulating Bax and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expression and increasing Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Cur and Hes appear to attenuate Dg-induced brain aging via regulation of antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis. These results suggest that Cur and Hes may mediate neuroprotective effects in the aging process, and further study of these antioxidant polyphenolic compounds is warranted.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 2015

Because Schwann cells perform the triple tasks of myelination, axon guidance and neurotrophin synthesis, they are candidates for cell transplantation that might cure some types of nervous-system degenerative diseases or injuries. However, Schwann cells are difficult to obtain. As another option, ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) can be easily harvested from the nasal respiratory mucosa. Whether fibrin, an important transplantation vehicle, can improve the differentiation of EMSCs into Schwann-like cells (SLCs) deserves further research. EMSCs were isolated from rat nasal respiratory mucosa and were purified using anti-CD133 magnetic cell sorting. The purified cells strongly expressed HNK-1, nestin, $p75^{NTR}$, S-100, and vimentin. Using nuclear staining, the MTT assay and Western blotting analysis of the expression of cell-cycle markers, the proliferation rate of EMSCs on a fibrin matrix was found to be significantly higher than that of cells grown on a plastic surface but insignificantly lower than that of cells grown on fibronectin. Additionally, the EMSCs grown on the fibrin matrix expressed myelination-related molecules, including myelin basic protein (MBP), 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and galactocerebrosides (GalCer), more strongly than did those grown on fibronectin or a plastic surface. Furthermore, the EMSCs grown on the fibrin matrix synthesized more neurotrophins compared with those grown on fibronectin or a plastic surface. The expression level of integrin in EMSCs grown on fibrin was similar to that of cells grown on fibronectin but was higher than that of cells grown on a plastic surface. These results demonstrated that fibrin not only promoted EMSC proliferation but also the differentiation of EMSCs into the SLCs. Our findings suggested that fibrin has great promise as a cell transplantation vehicle for the treatment of some types of nervous system diseases or injuries.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2001

Objective: This study was to establish the human embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from frozen-thawed blastocyst stage embryo that were destined to be discarded after five years in routine human IVF-ET program. Methods: Frozen-thawed and survived human blastocysts were treated by immunosurgery, and recovered ICM cells were cultured onto STO feeder cell layer and ICM colony was subcultured by mechanical dissociation into clumps. To identify ES cell, alkaline phosphatase staining and expression of Oct4 in replated ICM colonies were examined. Also, to examine the possibility of ES cell differentiation, retinoic acid (RA), basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) were added in culture medium. In addition, to classify the specific cell type, differentiated cells were stained by indirect immunocytochemistry. Results: One ICM colony recovered from frozen-thawed six blastocysts was subcultured, continuously replated during 40 passage culture duration without differentiation. Subcultured colonies were strong positively stained by alkaline phophatase. When the expression of Oct4 in cultured ES colony was examined, Oct4b type is more clearly indicated than Oct4a one although there was not detected in embryoid body or differentiated cells. In differentiated cardiomyocytes from ES colony, cells were beaten regularly (60 times/min). In differentiated neural cells from ES colony, neurofilament (NF) 200 kDa protein, microtubule associated protein (MAP) 2 and ${\beta}$-tubulin of specific marker in neurons, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) of specific marker in astrocytes and galactocelebrocide (GalC) of specific marker in oligodendrocytes were confirmed by indirect immunocytochemistry. Also, muscle cells were detected by indirect immunocytochemistry. In addition, ES colonies can be successfully cryopreserved. Conclusion: This study suggested that establishment of human ES cells can be successfully derived from frozen-thawed blastocysts that were destined to be discarded, and obtained specific cell types (cardiomyocytes, neurons and muscle cells) through the in vitro differentiation procedures of ES cells.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2004

Effect of solid grain media on the mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and its biofunctional activities were investigated using seven kinds of grains. Foxtail millet and barley were good for growth of hypha of P. ostreatus. However, growth of the mycelium was very slow in the solid grain media containing wheat, corn and brown rice. Mycelial growth of P. ostreatus according to water content of solid grain media was good at 25% to 30%. Mycelial growth of P. ostreatus according to heating-time and temperature of solid grain media was good for 30 min at $121^{\circ}C$. Anticancer activities against lung cancer cell line of the myceial extracts from P. ostreatus grown on several grain media were strong in the corn, defatted soybean, brown rice, barly and black bean in order. Fibrinolytic activities of the myelial extracts were strong in order defatted soybean, wheat, foxtail millet, barley, brown rice and black bean. The mycelial extracts were showed good antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2010

In this study, a novel member of BTB-kelch proteins, named KBTBD7, was cloned from a human embryonic heart cDNA library. The cDNA of KBTBD7 is 3,008 bp long and encodes a protein product of 684 amino acids (77.2 kD). This protein is highly conserved in evolution across different species. Western blot analysis indicates that a 77 kD protein specific for KBTBD7 is wildly expressed in all embryonic tissues examined. In COS-7 cells, KBTBD7 proteins are localized to the cytoplasm. KBTBD7 is a transcription activator when fused to GAL4 DNA-binding domain. Deletion analysis indicates that the BTB domain and kelch repeat motif are main regions for transcriptional activation. Overexpression of KBTBD7 in MCF-7 cells activates the transcriptional activities of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and serum response element (SRE), which can be relieved by siRNA. These results suggest that KBTBD7 proteins may act as a new transcriptional activator in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling.