• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 1995

To investigate walkability of ramps, walking patterns of 18 healthy adults,12 aged 20 to 26 and 6 aged 68 to 76,were studied at free,rhythm constrained walking up or down ramp using goniometer and footswitch Ramp inclinations were set 4,8,12,16,20 degrees. The results were as follows. 1)The step length of subjects were decreased significantly in12$^{\circ}C$′or 16′free downramp walking. With regard to step length, some subject groups walked abnormally in 16" or 20" ramp walking 2) The step width of subjects were increased significantly in 12" or 16" ramp walking. 3) The cadence duration of some subject groups were increased in 12" upramp walking. 4) The double stance duration and double stance ratio of some subject groups were increased significantly in 8",12", or 16"upramp walking. 5) The maximum knee flexion angle of stance phase were increased in 12" ramp walking. 6)Most temporal parameters and spatial parameters of gait were increased or decreassd greatly between 4" ramp and 8" ramp or between 8′ramp and 12′ramp. But statistics significancy were not recognized 7) The results suggest that ramp inclination less than 8′(14%) -12′(21%) is desirable for the normal gait the ramp inclination must not exceed 16" -20" in unavoidable circumstances.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.169-175
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of a spiral elastic band for the walking function on patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Twenty one chronic stroke patients were recruited and divided randomly into the experimental group and control group. Both groups performed mat exercises and gait training three times a week for four weeks, and gait training was applied to the experimental group with additional spinal elastic bands. Results: The results of this research were as follows. The 10MWT measurements showed that the velocities within and between the groups decreased significantly, and the results of TUG showed significant decreases in velocities after the interventions in both the control group and experimental group. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the control and experimental group. The FRT measurements showed significantly increased stride lengths within and between the groups. The measurements of the stride length, stride velocity, cadence, and step length showed significant improvement within the groups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. The measurement of stance showed that the non-paralytic patients had a significant increase in the rates within the groups and a significant difference was observed between the groups. Conclusion: Spiral elastic bands are an effective intervention method for rehabilitation programs to enhance the walking function in the clinical field. A treatment needs to be developed for patients with walking problems due to various disorders by investigating the action mechanism of spiral elastic bands.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.363-377
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• 2021

The present study investigated the effects of dynamic tubing gait training(I and II) on the postural alignment, gait, and quality of life in chronic patients with Parkinson's disease. This study is based on the case study that recruited a total of 3 patients with chronic Parkinson's disease (Hoehn and Yahr Stage of 1 to 3 each one person). Dynamic tubing gait training (I and II) applied to chronic patients with Parkinson's disease for 25 sessions, 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, over 5 weeks period. To investigate the effects of this study, evaluating using the postural alignment test, muscle activity tests, gait analysis, and quality of life scale for patient with Parkinson's disease. After the intervention of Dynamic tubing gait training (I and II), Trunk flexion was decreased. Also, during walking from initial contact (IC) to mid stance (Mst), muscle activity of Quadriceps, Hamstring, and Tibialis Anterior (TA) was increased and muscle activity of Gastrocnemius was decreased. The muscle activation of Erector Spinae (ES T12, L3) was increased in the H&Y I and III stages and decreased in the H&Y II stage. Length of gait line, single support line, ant/post position and lateral symmetry of center of pressure (COP) parameters improved. The spatio-temporal gait parameters including of step length, stride length, and velocity was increased, and cadence decreased. Further the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease was improved. Based on these findings, Dynamic tubing gait training (I and II) could be applied as a new approach to improve posture, gait, quality of life in chronic patients with Parkinson's disease for more than 5 years, whose drug resistance is halved.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of postural control training on balance and walking ability in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Eighteen chronic stroke patients were allocated equally and randomly to an experimental group (n=9) or a control group (n=9). All participants received 60 minutes of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, the experimental group additionally received a postural control training for 30 minutes, while the control group additionally performed a treadmill training for 30 minutes. These 30-minute training sessions were held five times per week for three weeks. Balance was assessed using Berg balance scale (BBS) and walking ability (gait speed, cadence, step length, and double limb support) was assessed using the GAITRite system. RESULTS: Improvement on all outcome measures was identified from pre-to-post intervention for both groups (p<.05). Post-intervention, there was a significant between-group difference on measured outcomes (p<.05). The experimental group exhibited greater improvement in the gait speed (p=.01; 95% CI .08-.16), cadence (p=.04; 95% CI .34-4.79), step length (p=.02; 95% CI 1.50-5.17), double limb support period (p=.04; 95% CI -2.18 to -.14), and BBS (p=.01; 95% CI 1.04-6.74) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that postural control training may be beneficial for improving balance and walking ability of patients with chronic stroke.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 12-week combined cognitive and physical exercise program on cognitive and physical functions in older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design: A one-group pretest-posttest study. Methods: Twelve participants with MCI engaged in a weekly 60-minute session of combined cognitive and physical exercise program. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), while physical function was evaluated through measures of muscle strength, postural balance, and walking capabilities. Muscle strength assessments included the arm curl test, handgrip strength, and the 5 sit-to-stand test. Postural balance was evaluated using the one-leg stance test, timed up-and-go test, functional reach test, and four square step test. Walking function was analyzed through a gait analysis device. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were compared to determine the effects of the exercise program. Results: The results demonstrated significant improvements in MoCA, arm curl test, timed up-and-go test, walking speed, and cadence following the 12-week intervention (p<0.05). MoCA scores revealed enhanced cognitive performance, while measures of muscle strength, including the arm curl test, exhibited significant changes. Improvements in timed up-and-go test scores indicated enhanced mobility, accompanied by increased walking speed and cadence, as evidenced by gait analysis. Conclusions: This study suggests that a structured 12-week program incorporating both cognitive and physical exercises can lead to meaningful improvements in cognitive and physical functions among older adults with MCI.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.194-203
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the gait patterns of cerebellar infarction patients with those of corticospinal tract stroke patients through a follow-up of patients with ataxic gait due to cerebellar infarction and corticospinal tract stroke. Methods: We investigated two cases of patients with cerebellar infarction and two cases each of acute or chronic corticospinal tract stroke who were hospitalized at Wonkwang University Gawangju Medical Center from September 1, 2017 to February 15, 2020 based on medical records and gait analyses. The spatiotemporal gait parameters of each patient were measured three times at 2-week intervals except those of the chronic corticospinal tract stroke patients, which were measured twice at a 1-month interval. Results: Spatiotemporal gait parameters, which include velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, and single support, were consistently increased in the cerebellar infarction patients in comparison to the corticospinal tract stroke patients. The stance phase was decreased in all the patients. Conclusions: The cerebellar infarction patients' gait spatiotemporal parameters were found to consistently improve. Moreover, gait analysis can be used to effectively measure improvement of ataxic gait.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.30-39
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in gait and mobility according to the types of assistive device for ankle joint including ankle foot orthosis (AFO), non-elastic tape, elastic tape, and high ankle shoes in chronic hemiplegic stroke survivors. Design: A cross-over design. Methods: Twelve hemiplegic stroke survivors participated in this study, and they walked under 5 different conditions including bare feet, wearing a AFO, wearing a non-elastic tape, wearing a elastic tape, and wearing a high ankle shoes. During the participants walked, the spatio-temporal gait analysis and mobility examinations were performed. For the spatio-temporal gait analysis (gait velocity and cadence, step length, stride length, and single and double leg support time) and mobility examinations, the gait mat, TUG and TUDS were used. Results: As s results, on the AFO, non-elastic tape, elastic tape, and high ankle shoes, there were significantly differences in the all spatio-temporal gait parameters, TUG, and TUDS compared to barefoot (p<0.05). In particular, all spatio-temporal gait parameters, TUG, TUDS were significantly improved with AFO compared to barefoot. TUG was significantly improved with AFO compared to non-elastic tape, TUG and TUDS were significantly improved with AFO compared to elastic tape, gait velocity was significantly improved with non-elastic tape compared to high ankle shoes, gait velocity and TUG were significantly improved with elastic tape compared to high ankle shoes, and TUDS was significantly improved with non-elastic tape compared to elastic tape. Conclusion: The AFO, non-elastic tape, elastic tape, and high ankle shoes showed a positive effect on gait and mobility compared to barefoot, and among them, wearing AFO was most effective for improving gait and mobility of chronic hemiplegic stroke survivors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2020

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of both lower extremities proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training with functional electrical stimulation on the balance and gait of stroke patients. METHODS: Ten patients with stroke were divided randomly into two groups of five patients each who met the selection criteria. The training was conducted five times a week, for 60 minutes. The experimental group received both lower extremities proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training with functional electrical stimulation while the control group received general physical therapy with functional electrical stimulation. RESULTS: The timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test result was statistically significant after the intervention in the experimental group (p<.041). Berg Balance Scale (BBS) assessment was statistically significant after the intervention in the experimental group (p<.047) and between the experimental and control groups (p<.012). The cadence assessment was statistically significant after intervention in the experimental group (p<.031) and between the experimental and control groups (p<.015). The stride length assessment was not statistically significant after intervention in the experimental group and between the experimental and control groups. Gait velocity assessment was statistically significant after the intervention in the experimental group (p<.031) and between the experimental and control groups (p<.015). CONCLUSION: Both lower extremities proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training with functional electrical stimulation had positive effects on the balance and gait of stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.587-596
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the effects of somatosensory training on the spatiotemporal gait parameters and balance in patients with stroke patients. Methods : 24 stroke survivors were allocated in this study, and randomly divided into experimental(n=12) and control group(n=12), independently. Experimental group was applied somatosensory training program plus conventional physical therapy, and control group was applied only conventional physical therapy. All subjects were administered for 30 minutes per day during 8 weeks(5 times a week). Results : Spatiotemporal parameters of gait were significant difference between pre and post intervention in experimental group, except of step length asymmetry ratio(SLAR) and single support time asymmetry ratio (SSAR)(p<.05). But control group had no statistical significance(p>.05). And also there was significant difference between experimental and control group(p<.05), except of cadence and SSAR(p>.05). Balance parameters were significant difference between pre and post intervention in experimental group(p<.05). But control group had no statistical significance(p>.05). And experimental timed up and go test was significantly decreased than control group(p<.05), but berg balance scale and functional reach test were not significant difference between experimental and control group(p>.05). Conclusion : This study was suggested that somatosensory training has effectiveness on the spatiotemporal gait parameters and balance in patients with stroke survivors. So this therapeutic intervention will be effectivelyapply to the stroke survivors in the clinical setting.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.961-965
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to present the basic reference data of age and specipic gait parameters for Korean Adult. The basic gait parameters were extracted from 20 Adult, 10 men and 10 women, 21 to 24 years of age using VICON 512 Motion Analyzer. The temporal gait parameters and kinematic parameters of Korean Adult similar to other western reference data. The results were as follows: 1) The mean Cadence of the male to the female were 113.5 steps/min to 117.6 steps/min. 2) The mean Walking Speed of the male to the female were 1.30 m/s, to 1.27 m/s. 3) The mean Stride Length of the male to the female were 1.35 m, to 1.30 m. 4) The mean maximal angles of pint on the pelvic tilt motion for different male to the female were $9.80^{\circ}$ to $7.75^{\circ}$. (p<0.05) 5) The mean maximal angles of pint on the hip flexion motion for different male to the female were $22.62^{\circ}$ to $27.65^{\circ}$. (p<0.05) 6) The mean maximal angles of pint on the knee flexion motion for different male to the female were $55.78^{\circ}$ to $55.49^{\circ}$. (p>0.05) 7) The mean maximal angles of pint on the ankle dorsiflexion motion for different male to the female were $12.47^{\circ}$ to $13.39^{\circ}$. (p>0.05).