• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional effects of action observation plus functional electrical stimulation (FES) treatment on the weight distribution indexes (heel and toe; right and left), stability indexes, gait velocities, and stride lengths of stroke patients. METHODS: The subjects, who were all more than six months post stroke, were randomly divided into two groups of ten each: an experimental group and a control group. TETRAX (Tetrax Interactive Balance System) and GAITRite (GAITRite$^{TM}$ computerized gait analysis system) were measured at baseline, six weeks after treatment. Participants in both the groups received functional electrical stimulation treatment, but the experimental group was provided with additional action observation. Independent t-tests were used to compare the differences between the groups, and repeated measured two-way ANOVA was used to compare the interaction between the groups. RESULTS: The result of the interactions between the groups and the periods showed significant increases in the weight distribution indexes (heel and toe; right and left), stability indexes, gait velocities and stride lengths (p<0.05). However, a comparison between the groups showed no significance in the weight distribution indexes (heel and toe), stability indexes, and stride lengths (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Action observation plus functional electrical stimulation treatment should be considered as a therapeutic method for physical therapy for stroke patients to improve the weight distribution indexes, stability indexes, gait velocities, and stride lengths.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of variations in arm swing during gait on movement of the trunk and pelvis. During the gait task, the angle of the trunk and pelvic rotation were analyzed according to arm swing conditions. Methods: Seventeen healthy males participated in this study. All subjects were analyzed for gait on a treadmill three times each under three different types of arm swing conditions - natural arm swing, restricted arm swing using a phone, restricted swing in both arms. 3-D motion analysis systems were used to collect and analyze the kinematic data of trunk and pelvic movements, and repeated one-way ANOVA was used to compare the trunk and pelvic kinematic data and symmetry index. The level of significance was ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: The results showed kinematic differences in trunk and pelvic during gait based on the arm swing conditions. Specifically, there were significant differences in trunk rotation, left and right trunk rotation and symmetry index of trunk rotation during gait among the three arm swing conditions. ROM was used to calculate a symmetry index (SI) based on the average left and right trunk rotation in which a value closer to zero indicated better balance. The SI obtained for arm swing restricted with the phone was closer to -1 than the other conditions. Conclusion: Restricted arm swing due to use of a phone had the possibility to induce instability of postural control while walking, which could be seen to suggest a risk of falling during gait.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of weight shift training with joint mobilization on the ankle joint passive range of motion (PROM), balance capacity and gait velocity in hemiplegic patients. Fourteen subjects were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG), with seven subjects in each group. The EG received weight shift training with joint mobilization in the paretic leg's subtalar joint in order to increase ankle dorsiflexion. The CG received general physical therapy training. Both groups received training five times a week over a period of two consecutive weeks. The figures for PROM of ankle dorsiflexion on the paretic leg, the functional reach test (FRT), the timed up and go (TUG) test, and gait velocity were recorded both before and after the training sessions for both groups. The EG's results in gait velocity, the FRT and the TUG test improved after training (p<.05). The PROM of ankle dorsiflexion improved both in the EG and the CG (p<.05), the EG demonstrated a significantly higher increase (p<.05) than that of the CG. The results of this study suggest that increased joint mobilization positively affects balance and gait velocity of hemiplegic patients. Further studies with a greater sample size are necessary in order further prove the accuracy of the results of this study.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.195-203
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of early Robot-assisted training on gait ability, function and ADL in patients with stroke. Methods: 26 patients with stroke were recruited for this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG), with 13 patients in each group. All subjects received a routine physical therapy. The robot-assisted training was for 30 min in the case of the EG subjects. The assessment tools of this study involved the gait ability, balance ability, function and ADL. The measurements were recorded before the intervention and after the intervention. Results: EG subjects and CG subjects, the variables measured after the intervention significantly differed from gait ability, balance ability, function and ADL without the FMA (p<0.05). The FMA was only effective experimental group after intervention. Also, there were significant differences in gait ability, balance ability, function and ADL without the FMA at post-test between the 2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that early robot-assisted training exerts a positive effect on gait ability, balance ability, function and ADL in patients with stroke. This result indicates the possibility of application of the early Robot-assisted training to the management for stroke patients. Further studies are required to generalize the result for this study.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.478-485
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the change of area and average velocity of the center of pressure (COP) according to gait improvement in post-stroke hemiplegic patients.Methods: We measured the area and the average velocity of COP displacement of ten post-stroke hemiplegic patients while they stood quietly on a force plate at the time of dependent and independent gait . We also measured the area and the average velocity of COP displacement of normal persons to verify differences between them and post-stroke hemiplegic patients.Results: The area of COP displacement decreased significantly, and the average velocity of COP displacement tended to decrease, but not significantly. There were significant differences in the area and the average velocity of COP displacement between post-stroke hemiplegic patients and normal persons.Conclusions: The results of this study show that postural control ability improves as gait improves.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2012

본 연구는 상상연습 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 보행과 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 본 연구 참여자는 실험군 10명과 대조군 10명으로 무작위 추첨으로 배정되었다. 두 그룹 모두 중추신경계 발달치료를 1회당 1시간씩 주당 6회, 6주간 훈련을 받았다. 실험군은 상상연습 훈련을 6주 동안 1회당 10분씩 주당 3회를 추가하여 훈련을 받았다. 본 연구에서는 시공간적인 보행지수, 10m 보행 검사, 삶의 질을 평가하였다. 상상연습 훈련 후 뇌졸중 환자의 보행 능력을 평가한 결과 보행속도, 활보장, 두발지지기, 한발지지기, 10m 보행 검사에서 유의하게 향상되었다. 뇌졸중 영향 척도를 통하여 삶의 질을 평가한 결과 근력, 사회참여, 뇌졸중회복 항목에서 유의한 향상을 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 상상연습훈련은 뇌졸중 환자의 보행 능력과 삶의 질을 향상하는데 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 상상연습훈련을 이용한 보행훈련은 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 환자들에게 유용한 훈련으로 제안할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to determine correlations between the Berg Balance Test (BBS), Timed -UP & Go Test, Fugl Meyer-L/E, Balance, Sensory (FM-L/E, B, S), Motor Assessment Scale-Gait (MAS-G), Comfortable maximal Gait Speed (C MGS), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). The subjects were 40 stroke patients of the Korea National Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. Main outcome measures were Balance control (BBS, FM-B), Gait (TUG, C MGS, MAS-G), ADL (MBI) and Motor Function of Lower Extremities (FM-L/E, S). The data were analyzed using Pearson product correlation. FM scales between other clinical and instrumental indexes and multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for Balance, Gait and ADL Motor Function of Lower Extremity inclinations. The results of this study were as follows: The BBS, FM-L/E, balance, sensory and MBI showed positive correlation relations, but TUG and C MGS showed negative correlations. The sensory factor of the FM-scale showed the strongest variance in predicting BBS. However the FM-balance showed the strongest variance in predicting TUG, MAS-G and C MGS. The use of both quantitative and qualitative scales was shown to be a good measuring instrument for the classification of the general clinical performance of the patients.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2021

본 연구의 고유수용성신경근촉진법이 뇌졸중 환자의 균형에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 메타분석 연구이다. 이 연구는 프리지마 가이드 라인에 의해 시행되었으며, 총 3개의 데이터베이스를 이용하여 2020년 12월까지 발행된 무작위 배정 연구로 한정하여 검색하였다. 데이터베이스에서 검색된 1475개의 연구 중 본 연구 선정기준에 부합된 12편의 연구를 선정하였다. 개별 연구들의 효과크기를 산출하기 위해 R 프로그램을 이용하였다. 고유수용성신경촉진법이 뇌졸중 환자의 보행 능력에 미치는 전체 효과크기는 0.67으로 중간 정도 효과로 나타났다. 보행에 대한 하위변수에 대한 효과크기는 게이트 라이트 0.69, 10 미터 걷기 검사 0.59로 중간 정도의 효과크기로 나타났다. 이처럼 고유수용성신경근촉진법이 뇌졸중 환자의 보행 능력에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.11-29
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of virtual reality on gait, balance, and upper extremity functions compared to other independent variables or no variables. Additionally, the possibility of virtual reality for stroke patients was discussed. Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: The search for this study was a search term that combined stroke, virtual reality, and training, and the electronic search was conducted through EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. As a result of the search, 21 studies satisfying the selection criteria of the target study were confirmed as the final analysis target. This study consisted of 21 randomized experimental studies and 21 randomized controlled trials, and the total number of participants was 642. [Experimental group (n=314), control group (n=328); total 642]. As a result of the study, upper extremity function was assessed using a box and block test, a modified Ashworth scale, and a scale including range of motion. The balance was evaluated by the berg balance scale. Gait was a Timed Up and Go test (TUG), stride length, and gait function. Scales including a walking rate scale were evaluated. The effect size for the intervention of the analytical study was meta-analyzed with the RevMan 5.3.3 program of the Cochrane library. Results: The results of the study showed that the function of walking was statistically significant. Balance showed statistically significant results. The upper extremity function showed no statistically significant results. Conclusion: Through this rehabilitation treatment by applying virtual reality environment to the rehabilitation of stroke patients in the future can be proposed as an effective intervention method for the balance and gait function of stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of eccentric training applied to the calf muscles on muscle tone, muscle strength, and gait variables in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Twenty-two participants were divided into experimental (n=12; eccentric training) and control (n=10; static stretching and stretching board) groups. The participants completed 30-minute physical therapy sessions five times a week for three weeks. Calf muscle tone, muscle strength, and gait variables were measured using MyotonPRO, a hand-held dynamometer, and Optogait, respectively, before and after each intervention. Results: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a significant interaction effect between measurement points and groups in frequency, stiffness, and decrement of the lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles (p<.05). Paired t-tests showed that the experimental group exhibited significantly decreased frequency and stiffness scores for the lateral gastrocnemius, medial gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles (p<.05), as well as significantly increased decrement and muscle strength scores, gait speed, step length, and stride length (p<.05). Conclusion: The application of eccentric training to the calf effectively reduced muscle tone, increased muscle strength, and improved the gait speed, step length, and stride length of patients with chronic stroke.