• Title/Summary/Keyword: Gain score analysis

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Investigating Students' Profiles of Mathematical Modeling: A Latent Profile Analysis in PISA 2012

  • SeoJin Jeong;Jihyun Hwang;Jeong Su Ahn
    • Research in Mathematical Education
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.235-252
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    • 2023
  • We investigated the classification of learner groups for students' mathematical modeling competency and analyzed the characteristics in each profile group for each country and variable using PISA 2012 data from six countries. With a perspective on measuring sub-competency, we applied the latent profile analysis method to student achievement for mathematical modeling variables - Formulate, Employ, Interpret. The findings showed the presence of 4-6 profile groups, with the variables exhibiting high and low achievement within each profile group varying by country, and a hierarchical structure was observed in the profile group distribution in all countries, interestingly, the Formulate variable showed the largest difference between high-achieving and low-achieving profile groups. These results have significant implications. Comparison by country, variable, and profile group can provide valuable insights into understanding the various characteristics of students' mathematical modeling competency. The Formulate variable could serve as the most suitable predictor of a student's profile group and the score range of other variables. We suggest further studies to gain more detailed insights into mathematical modeling competency with different cultural contexts.

Field evaluation of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-specific bacteriophage (ΦCJ19) as a feed additive (Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 특이 박테리오파지 (ΦCJ19)의 사료 첨가제로서의 사양 평가)

  • Yoo, Anna;Cha, Seung Bin;Shin, Min Kyoung;Park, Hong Tae;Seo, Hyo Sil;Kim, Jae Won;Yoo, Han Sang
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.53 no.2
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 2013
  • Field efficacy of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-specific phage (${\Phi}CJ19$) as a feed additive was evaluated in weaning piglets. Fifty-four piglets at 3-4 weeks old were allocated in three different groups and two of them were fed with bacteriophage at different concentrations ($10^6PFU/kg$ feed and $10^8PFU/kg$ feed, respectively) for 30 days. Body weight and feed intake were measured at 10 days interval and body condition and fecal score were inspected every day. Based on the measurement, feed conversion rate (FCR) and average daily gain (ADG) of each group during 30 days were analyzed. The analysis suggests that the bacteriophage may help the improvement of FCR and ADG at $10^8PFU/kg$ of bacteriophage feeding group in 30 days. A result from analysis of fecal score indicates that the bacteriophage also may help to relieve the intermittent diarrhea in post-weaning stage. Those results suggest that bacteriophage might help the growth of piglets in post-weaning stage.

Selective Word Embedding for Sentence Classification by Considering Information Gain and Word Similarity (문장 분류를 위한 정보 이득 및 유사도에 따른 단어 제거와 선택적 단어 임베딩 방안)

  • Lee, Min Seok;Yang, Seok Woo;Lee, Hong Joo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.105-122
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    • 2019
  • Dimensionality reduction is one of the methods to handle big data in text mining. For dimensionality reduction, we should consider the density of data, which has a significant influence on the performance of sentence classification. It requires lots of computations for data of higher dimensions. Eventually, it can cause lots of computational cost and overfitting in the model. Thus, the dimension reduction process is necessary to improve the performance of the model. Diverse methods have been proposed from only lessening the noise of data like misspelling or informal text to including semantic and syntactic information. On top of it, the expression and selection of the text features have impacts on the performance of the classifier for sentence classification, which is one of the fields of Natural Language Processing. The common goal of dimension reduction is to find latent space that is representative of raw data from observation space. Existing methods utilize various algorithms for dimensionality reduction, such as feature extraction and feature selection. In addition to these algorithms, word embeddings, learning low-dimensional vector space representations of words, that can capture semantic and syntactic information from data are also utilized. For improving performance, recent studies have suggested methods that the word dictionary is modified according to the positive and negative score of pre-defined words. The basic idea of this study is that similar words have similar vector representations. Once the feature selection algorithm selects the words that are not important, we thought the words that are similar to the selected words also have no impacts on sentence classification. This study proposes two ways to achieve more accurate classification that conduct selective word elimination under specific regulations and construct word embedding based on Word2Vec embedding. To select words having low importance from the text, we use information gain algorithm to measure the importance and cosine similarity to search for similar words. First, we eliminate words that have comparatively low information gain values from the raw text and form word embedding. Second, we select words additionally that are similar to the words that have a low level of information gain values and make word embedding. In the end, these filtered text and word embedding apply to the deep learning models; Convolutional Neural Network and Attention-Based Bidirectional LSTM. This study uses customer reviews on Kindle in Amazon.com, IMDB, and Yelp as datasets, and classify each data using the deep learning models. The reviews got more than five helpful votes, and the ratio of helpful votes was over 70% classified as helpful reviews. Also, Yelp only shows the number of helpful votes. We extracted 100,000 reviews which got more than five helpful votes using a random sampling method among 750,000 reviews. The minimal preprocessing was executed to each dataset, such as removing numbers and special characters from text data. To evaluate the proposed methods, we compared the performances of Word2Vec and GloVe word embeddings, which used all the words. We showed that one of the proposed methods is better than the embeddings with all the words. By removing unimportant words, we can get better performance. However, if we removed too many words, it showed that the performance was lowered. For future research, it is required to consider diverse ways of preprocessing and the in-depth analysis for the co-occurrence of words to measure similarity values among words. Also, we only applied the proposed method with Word2Vec. Other embedding methods such as GloVe, fastText, ELMo can be applied with the proposed methods, and it is possible to identify the possible combinations between word embedding methods and elimination methods.

Effects of the Plane of Nutrition on Physicochemical Characteristics and Sensory Quality Traits of the Muscle in Finishing Pigs

  • Lee, Chai Hyun;Jung, Dae-Yun;Choi, Jung Seok;Jin, Sang-Keun;Lee, Chul Young
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.516-524
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    • 2014
  • This study was performed to examine the feasibility of using the low plane of nutrition (LPN) as a means of improving the meat quality of crossbred finishing pigs with a medium weight gain potential. Twenty-four barrows and 24 gilts weighing approximately 48 kg were placed on LPN [a finisher (2.86 Mcal ME/kg and 0.67% lysine) for 91 d] or on a high plane of nutrition [HPN; a commercial grower for 38 d and a finisher (3.35 Mcal ME/kg and 0.9% lysine) for 46 d]. Five barrows and five gilts per treatment weighing approximately 125 kg were slaughtered after the indicated days on the respective diets, followed by physicochemical analysis and sensory evaluation on their muscles. Overall average daily gain was 12.6% less in the LPN group vs. the HPN group (p<0.05). The redness ($a^*$) of fresh longissimus muscle (LM) from the loin as well as from Boston butt was greater in the LPN group vs. HPN whereas the shear force for fresh LM from these primals and semimembranosus muscle was lower in the former. In sensory evaluation for cooked LM, no treatment effect was detected in any of the quality traits examined, except for a lower color score in the LPN vs. HPN group. Results suggest that meat quality of the finishing pigs can be improved to some extent by using LPN. However, the present pigs, whose backfat thickness was 24 mm at 125 kg, are thought not to be lean enough to be fattened over 120 kg.

Bone Cement Augmentation of Pedicular Screwing in Severe Osteoporotic Spondylolisthetic Patients

  • Kim, Hyeun-Sung;Park, In-Ho;Ryu, Jae-Kwang;Kim, Seok-Won;Shin, Ho
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.6-10
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    • 2007
  • Objective : The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bone cement augmentation of pedicular screwing in severe osteoporotic spondylolisthetic patients. Methods : Twenty patients with spondylolisthesis (8 : spondylolytic spondylolisthesis 12 : degenerative spondylolisthesis) who had undergone pedicular screwing and interbody fusion for osteoporotic lumbar spine (T-score on bone mineral density<-3.0) from 2002 to 2005 were reviewed. Mean age was 62.3 years with 3 male and 17 female patients. Average follow-up period was 14 months. Average T-score on bone mineral density (BMD) was -3.62. After decompression of neural elements, about 6cc of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was injected into the each vertebral body through transpedicular route. All patients underwent one level interbody fusion and pedicular screw fixation. Clinical outcome was assessed using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) on the last clinical follow-up. In addition, a modified MacNab's grading criteria was used to objectively assess patient's outcome postoperatively. Radiographic analysis of sagittal contour was assessed preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at final follow-up including fusion rate. Results : Eighteen of 20 patients were graded as excellent or good according to the modified MacNab's criteria. An significant improvement of ODI was achieved in both groups. Mean sagittal angle at the preoperative state, postoperative state and at the last follow-up state was $11.0^{\circ},\;20.1^{\circ}$ and $18.3^{\circ}$, respectively, with mean sagittal angle correction gain $7.3^{\circ}$. Firm fusion was achieved in all patients. There were one compression fracture above the fused segment after 6 months follow-up and one case of seroma. But there were no postoperative complications related to bone cement leakage and pedicular screwings such as screw pullout or screw cut-up. Conclusion : Bone cement augmentation of pedicular screwing can be an effective procedure for osteoporotic lumbar spine in spondylolisthetic patients.

Optimized Feature Selection using Feature Subset IG-MLP Evaluation based Machine Learning Model for Disease Prediction (특징집합 IG-MLP 평가 기반의 최적화된 특징선택 방법을 이용한 질환 예측 머신러닝 모델)

  • Kim, Kyeongryun;Kim, Jaekwon;Lee, Jongsik
    • Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.11-21
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    • 2020
  • Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCD) account for 24% of the causes of death to Koreans and its proportion is the highest except cancer. Currently, the risk of the cardiovascular disease for domestic patients is based on the Framingham risk score (FRS), but accuracy tends to decrease because it is a foreign guideline. Also, it can't score the risk of cerebrovascular disease. CCD is hard to predict, because it is difficult to analyze the features of early symptoms for prevention. Therefore, proper prediction method for Koreans is needed. The purpose of this paper is validating IG-MLP (Information Gain - Multilayer Perceptron) evaluation based feature selection method using CCD data with simulation. The proposed method uses the raw data of the 4th ~ 7th of The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). To select the important feature of CCD, analysis on the attributes using IG-MLP are processed, finally CCD prediction ANN model using optimize feature set is provided. Proposed method can find important features of CCD prediction of Koreans, and ANN model could predict more accurate CCD for Koreans.

Risperidone Monotherapy in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders : A Naturalistic Study

  • Won, Eun-Kyung;Park, Jin-Park;Lee, Young-Ryul;Nam, Yoon-Young;Min, He-Ji;Kim, Yeni
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.273-278
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    • 2015
  • Objectives : We retrospectively investigated the efficacy and tolerability of risperidone monotherapy in subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, we did mixed effect model analysis of the effects of risperidone in patients with ASDs naturalistically treated in a routine clinical setting to determine whether the clinical effects were maintained and the side effects were tolerable. Methods : This retrospective study assessed children and adolescents with ASD, who were on risperidone monotherapy from July 2010 to July 2011 at the Child and Adolescent ASD Clinic at Seoul National Hospital. Outcome measures included the Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and the CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) scales along with other clinical indices: dosage, target symptoms, and side effects. Results : The mean dose of risperidone in 47 children and adolescents with ASD (40 males, 7 females; age range 5-19 years) who were on risperidone monotherapy was $1.6{\pm}0.8mg/day$, and the mean duration of the treatment period was $20.2{\pm}17.3months$. Aggressive behavior, stereotypic behavior, irritability, and self-injurious behavior were the most frequent target symptoms of risperidone. The most common side effects were weight gain followed by somnolence and extrapyramidal symptoms. In a mixed effects model analysis of CGI-I scores, the mean CGI-I score at the 1 month follow-up was significantly different from the mean CGI-I score of the 3-month follow-up (p=.046), and the CGI-I scores were equally maintained over 3 to 48 months [F(6, 28.9)=4.393, p=.003]. Of the 47 patients, 33 patients (70.2%) were identified as the response group, showing an end point CGI-I rating of 3 or under and having continued risperidone treatment for at least 6 months. The baseline CGI-S score showed significant association with clinical response to risperidone (p=.005), the mean baseline CGI-S was higher in the response group compared to the non-response group. Conclusion : In this study, clinical improvement of risperidone stabilized around 3 months and was equally maintained up to 48 months with tolerable side effects, supporting maintenance of risperidone treatment in children and adolescents with ASDs.

Validation of the Korean Translated Dynamic Gait Index in Community-Dwelling Elderly (지역사회에 거주하는 노인을 대상으로 한 한글판 동적보행지수의 타당성)

  • Park, So-Yeon;Hwang, Su-Jin
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2010
  • The Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) was developed and widely used as a clinical tool to assess balance performance during gait. The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean translated DGI using Rasch analysis. A total of 105 community-dwelling elderly was participated in this study (age range = 65~95 years; mean = 78.0 years). The translated DGI showed sound item psychometric properties, and the 8 items were arranged in order of difficulty for the total participants. The most difficult item was 'Steps' and the easiest item was 'Level surface'. Also, each of the original 4 rating scale categories satisfied the Linacre's essential criteria suggestions for optimal rating scale category effectiveness. Although, thirty eight person (36.2%) showed the maximal high score, but the most of them was no history of fall in the preceding year. For subjects who has falling history, all of the person's ability was arranged within the item's difficulty. The 8-item Korean translated DGI can be used to measure gain in elderly person with balance disorders without compromising important clinical measurement characteristics in Korea.

Factors Influencing Adherence to Self Care in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (만성 심부전 환자의 자가간호 이행 관련요인)

  • Son, Youn-Jung;Kim, Sun-Hee;Kim, Gi-Yon
    • Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.244-254
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate adherence to self-care and identify associated factors in outpatients with Heart Failure (HF). Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, a convenience sample of 249 outpatient clinic patients were recruited at S university hospital. Between October 2009 and December 2009, data were collected through questionnaires and medical record review. Results: The total mean score of adherence to self-care was $18.07{\pm}3.56$ out of a possible 45 points. Among self-care dimensions, adherence to medication and low salt diet was high, while lower adherence was reported in contact with health professionals if symptoms such as weight gain, edema and fatigue were presented. Multivariate analysis adjusted for other socio-demographic and clinical factors showed that disease knowledge related to heart failure (p<.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (p=.027) were independent predictors of adherence to self-care. These factors explained 23% of total variance in the adherence to self-care. Conclusion: Heart failure patients with higher disease knowledge and those who have good systolic function may be more likely to engage in adherence to self-care than those with lack of disease knowledge and low contractility. Further research is needed to confirm these results and identify other predictors of adherence to self-care.

Comparative analysis of evaluation parameters in E. acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella-infected broilers

  • Rochelle Alipio, Flores;Binh Thanh, Nguyen;Paula Leona Tayamen, Cammayo;Cherry Pambid, Fernandez-Colorado;Anindita, Roy;Suk, Kim;Woohyun, Kim;Wongi, Min
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.91.1-91.9
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    • 2022
  • Three parameters, body weight gain (BWG), intestinal lesion score (LS) and fecal oocyst shedding, were compared in broilers infected with major parasitic species; Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella. First, two- and three-week-old chickens with Eimeria infection showed LS of approximately 3, but two-week-old chickens were more correlated with BWG. Second, significant differences in BWG were observed between male and female broilers challenged with Eimeria. Finally, E. maxima-infected broilers among three Eimeria species showed a higher relationship between BWG and LS, suggesting three considerations such as genders, age and Eimeria species for Eimeria experiments.