• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.84-87
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• 2008

In this research, we screened for glucosyltransferase (GTase) inhibitors that effectively prevent the dental caries from 420 kinds of boiled water extracts of herbs and wild plants and searched for GTase inhibitory activities. Among them, 13 kinds of hot water extracts had high GTase inhibitory activities and especially, we focused on Foeniculum vulgare which showed the highest inhibitory activity on GTase. The boiled water extract of F. vulgare was stable at high temperature and showed as a mixed type of competitive and uncompetitive inhibition kinetic behavior. It did not have antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans and had inhibitory activity on GTase. Specially, in the clinical trial, the group treated by boiled water extract of F. vulgare showed more decrease of plague index at 4.8 point than untreated group. These results suggested that boiled water extract of F. vulgare can effectively suppress the plague formation as it inhibits the GTase activity.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1997

The antimicrobial and GTase(Glucosyltransferase) inhibition activity were investigated for solvent fractions of Gall-nut, variety of fork drugs and Red-grape husk water extracts. Among them, Gall-nut and Red-grape husk water extracts were selected for the powerful antimicrobial and GTase inhibition activity. The methanol fractions of Gall-nut and Red-grape husk were showed very powerful antimicrobial activity on both B. subtilis and E. coli. The MIC(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of gall-nut methanol fraction were 1.0mg/ml for B. subtilis and 3.0mg/ml for E. coli. Red-grape husk were 2.0mg/ml for B. subtilis and 3.0mg/ml for E. coli. The methanol fractions of Gall-nut and Red-grape husk were showed very powerful Gtase inhibition activity. The concentrations of these fractions for 80% inhibition of GTase activity were 1.08$\times$10-3mg/ml and 1.08$\times$10-2mg/ml, respectively. The principal compound for the antimicrobial and GTase inhibition activity in tese extracts seems to be polyphenol derivatives.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.902-909
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• 2007

Granular maize starch was treated with Thermus scotoductus 4-${\alpha}$-glucanotransferase (${\alpha}$-GTase), and its physicochemical properties were determined. The gelatinization and pasting temperatures of ${\alpha}$-GTase-modified starch were decreased by higher enzyme concentrations. ${\alpha}$-GTase treatment lowered the peak, setback, and [mal viscosity of the starch. At a higher level of enzyme treatment, the melting peak of the amylose-lipid complex was undetectable on the DSC thermogram. Also, ${\alpha}$-GTase-modified starch showed a slower retrogradation rate. The enzyme treatment changed the dynamic rheological properties of the starch, leading to decreases in its elastic (G') and viscous (G") moduli. ${\alpha}$-GTase-modified starch showed more liquid-like characteristics, whereas normal maize starch was more elastic and solid-like. Gel permeation chromatography of modified starch showed that amylose was degraded, and a low molecular-weight fraction with $M_w$ of $1.1{\times}10^5$ was produced. Branch chain-length (BCL) distribution of modified starch showed increases in BCL (DP>20), which could result from the glucans degraded from amylose molecules transferred to the branch chains of amylopectin by inter-/intra-molecular transglycosylation of ${\alpha}$-GTase. These new physicochemical functionalities of the modified starch produced by ${\alpha}$-GTase treatment are applicable to starch-based products in various industries.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.536-542
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• 1996

The isolation of active compounds showing the inhibitory effect on glucosyltransferase(GTase) from cacao bean husk(CBH) extract was carried out for screening of anti-plaque agents. These active compounds were purified by additional column chromatography of MCI-gel CHP-20 and Sephadex LH-20 and their chemical structures were determined by NMR and mass spectroscopy. Two compounds showing the inhibitory effect on GTase from CBH extract were obtained. These compounds showed positive reactions with anisaldehyde-H2SO4 solution and FeCl3, and were identified as dimeric flavan-3-ols on TLC. By NMR and MS data analyses, the structures of two different flavan-3-ols were identified as procyanidin B-1 and procyanidin B-3, respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2005

Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in the world. Glucosyltransferase (Gtase) of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays an important role in the develo pment of dental caries. For the purpose to develop anti- caries, we examined the effect of metabolites isolated from Streptomyces sp. M-20 on Gtase and the growth of S. mutans. Streptomyces sp. M-20 isolated from Mongolian soil showed 95~96% sequence homology with that of Streptomyces lin- colnensis. The metabolites of Streptomyces sp. M-20 were partially purified by extraction with ethyl acetate, silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC. Partially purified metabolite, red colored component (MR-20) in ethyl acetate fraction showed potent antibacterial activitiy against S. mutans and inhibitory activity against Gtase purified from S. mutans, while another isolated yellow component (MY-20) showed no activity against S. mutans. The inhibitory activity of MR-20 against Gtase was confirmed by activity staining on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The concentration of MR-20 for 50% inhibition $(IC_{50})$ against Gtase activity was $60{\mu}g/ml$. These results suggest that MR-20 can be developed for antibacterial agent and anticaries.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1221-1225
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• 2003

As an effort to select powerful anti-cariogenic materials from natural resources, various plant extracts were examined for their anti-S. mutans and anti-glucosyltransferase (GTase) activities. The ethanol extracts of licorice bark, which was produced after water extraction of licorice, showed the most powerful anti-S. mutans as well as anti-GTase activities. When licorice bark was consecutively fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, and butanol, the chloroform fraction exhibited the strongest anti-S. mutans activites. This fraction was further fractionated into 4 fractions through a silica gel column, and according to HPLC analysis, anti-S. mutant activities seemed to come mostly from relatively hydrophobic materials.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 1991

Dental caries has been reported to be infectious disease by Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans). The ability of S. mutans to produce dental plaque has been shown to be related to glucan synthesis from sucrose by glucosyltransferase (GTase). Glucan is known to play an important role in the initiation of smooth surface caries. For preventing dental caries by traditional medicines, two hundred kinds of natural products were assayed for inhibiting activity against S. mutans and GTase. During the assay course, we chose some active plants against S. mutans and GTase and then applied these plant extracts to toothpaste.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1148-1151
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• 1998

We investigated the inhibition effects of teeth decalcification and glucosyltransferase(GTase) activity on the Juniperus rigida S. et Z. Teeth decalcifications by Streptococcus mutans were respectively inhibited to 70.13, 74.93% on methanol and n hexane fractions. In the inhibition test of GTase activities by solvent fractions of J. rigida, they were respectively inhibited to 86.6, 89.5% to a similar degree. And in the result to identify GTase produced by S. mutans with SDS PAGE, the band near 65KD estimated as GTase did not show in the lanes of methanol, n hexane and chloroform fractions.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.168-173
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• 2000

Anticariogenic activity of the unripe apple extract was studied by observing the inhibitory effects on GTase(glucosyltransferase) activity, cell adherence and acid production of Streptococcus mutans. Among the four S. mutans strains, S. mutans MT 8148 had the highest water-insoluble glucan forming activity. (+)-Catechin and tannic acid, the major components of the unripe apple polyphenols inhibited GTase activity by 60% at 1 mg/ml and 90% at 5 mg/ml. Tannic acid and unripe apple extract inhibited adherence ability of S. mutans by 50% and 30%, respectively. But the acid production of S. mutans was not influenced by the polyphenols. Disc diffusion test showed that the polyphenols have no antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, which indicates that the inhibition of GTase activity and cell adherence were not resulted from the cell growth inhibition. Our results convinced the possible application of the unripe apple extract as the anticariogenic food additives.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 2001

The antimicrobial and glucosyltransferase(GTase) inhibition activity were searched for 30 species of various folk drugs and by products of food industry. Among them, two species, gallnut and red grape husk water extracts, were selected for the powerful antimicrobial and GTase inhibition activity. The polyphenol fractions of gallnut and red grape husk were showed very greater antimicrobial activity on both Gram(+) and (-), B. subtilis and E. coli. The minimum antimicrobial activity of gallnut polyphenol fraction were 1.0mg for B. subtilis and 3,0mg for E. coli. Red grape husk was 2.0mg for B. subtilis and 3.0mg for E coli. The polyphenol fractions of gall nut and red grape husk were showed powerful GTase inhibition activity. The concentrations of these fractions for 80% inhibition of GTase activity were 1.08$\times$10$\^$-3/mg/㎖ and 1.08$\times$10$\^$-2/mg/㎖, respectively. The most abundant compound in these fraction seems to be polyphenol derivatives. From these results, we think that the gallnut and the red grape husk polyphenol fraction had more antimicrobial and anti-plaque activities than artificial synthetic preservatives as an economic point of view.