• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to simplify the traditional manufacturing method of Jeungpyun by developing a new process for Jeungpyun preparation using meringue and to also investigate the quality characteristics of Jeungpyun made with green tea powder. Methods: The Jeungpyun was manufactured as 4 sample preparations (Jeungpyun: J; Jeungpyun+0.5% green tea: J+0.5% GT; Jeungpyun+1% green tea: J+1% GT; and Jeungpyun+1.5% green tea: J+1.5% GT) through mixing rice flour, meringue, green tea powder (0-1.5%), dry yeast, water, and milk, steaming for 4 min at $180^{\circ}C$ and 3 min at $220^{\circ}C$, and then standing for 1 hr at room temperature. The quality characteristics of Jeungpyun were evaluated based on physicochemical properties, total mold, texture analysis, and sensory evaluation. Results: The pH of Jeungpyun batter was significantly lower in J+1.0% GT and J+1.5% GT than J. The specific gravity, weight, volume, and specific volume of J+0.5% GT and J+1% GT was not significantly different, as compared to J. In color, L value decreased and a and b value increased based on the increase of green tea powder. The antifungal activity was the highest in J+1.5% GT, followed by J+1.0% GT, J+0.5% GT, and J, in order. Samples with added green tea powder showed decreased hardness, as compared with J; its effect was significant in J+1.0% GT and J+1.5% GT after storage for 1 day. In sensory evaluation, the color of Jeungpyun was darkened by the addition of green tea powder. The egg smell and hardness significantly decreased by addition of green tea powder. Based on quantitative description analyses, overall acceptability was the highest in J+1% GT. Conclusion: Therefore, 1% green tea powder was the optimal amount for preparing Jeungpyun with meringue. For simplification of the traditional manufacturing method, Jeungpyun could be produced with meringue and green tea powder, which has potent physiological activities.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.509-514
• /
• 2007

In this study, we optimized the production of ${\gamma}-polyglutamic$ acid (PGA) in soybean milk cakes (SMC) fermented with Bacillus subtilis GT-D and B. subtilis KU-A, to be utilized as a functional food ingredient. PGA production was dependent upon the glutamate content, fermentation time, and type of Bacillus sp. The consistencies of the SMCs fermented by B. subtilis GT-D and B. subtilis KU-A were highest after 36 hr of fermentation, and then decreased gradually. The SMC fermented by B. subtilis KU-A had a higher consistency than the SMC fermented by B. subtilis GT-D. In the presence of 10% defatted soy flour (DFS), 5% glutamate in the SMC was efficiently converted into polyglutamic acid (PGA) for 24 hr, indicating a conversion yield above 96%, but its conversion then decreased with higher concentrations of glutamate. The soluble solid content (mucilage) of the SMC fermented with B. subtilis KU-A was 9.5%(w/w), and composed of 65.6% PGA (Mw 1,536 kDa) and some polysaccharides. However, the SMC fermented with B. subtilis GT-D had a mucilage content of 7.8%(w/w), and was composed of 66.4% PGA (Mw 1,409 kDa), 11.5% levan, and some polysaccharides. The viscoelastic values of the mucilage obtained using B. subtilis KU-A were much higher than those of mucilage obtained using B. subtilis GT-D. Also, the G'-value (elastic modulus) was higher than the G"-value (viscous modulus).

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.27-29
• /
• 2013

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.411.1-411.1
• /
• 2014

This study evaluates the utility of an antibacterial microneedle composed of green tea extract (GT) and hyaluronic acid (HA), for the efficient delivery of GT. These microneedles have the potential to be a patient-friendly method for the conventional sustained release of drugs. In this study, a fabrication method using a mold-based technique to produce GT/HA microneedles with a maximum area of ${\sim}60mm^2$ with antibacterial properties was used to manufacture transdermal drug delivery systems. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was carried out to observe the potential modifications in the microneedles, when incorporated with GT. The degradation rate of GT in GT/HA microneedles was controlled simply by adjusting the HA composition. The effects of different ratios of GT in the HA microneedles were determined by measuring the release properties. In HA microneedles loaded with 70% GT (GT70), a continuous higher release rate were sustained for 72 h. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that GT/HA microneedles are not generally cytotoxic to chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1), human embryonic kidney cells (293T), and mouse muscle cells (C2C12), which were treated for 12 and 24 h. Antimicrobial activity of the GT/HA microneedles was demonstrated by ~95% growth reduction of gram negative [Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium)] and gram positive bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus (S. Aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)], with GT70. Furthermore, GT/HA microneedles reduced bacterial growth in the infected skin wound sites and improved skin wound healing process in rat model.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.704-709
• /
• 2006

The mucilage production and tyrosine content in soy milk cake (SMC) fermented by Bacillus firmus NA-1, Bacillus subtilis GT-D, and B. subtilis KU-A was improved by fortification with 10% defatted soybean flour. The fibrinolytic activity and consistency of the SMC were drastically increased by solid-state fermentation for 1 day. However, the consistency of the fermented SMC gradually decreased during fermentation for 3 days. Furthermore, the tyrosine content of the freeze-dried powder of SMC fermented by three Bacillus sp. was 9 times higher than that of unfermented SMC. The soybean proteins, including the 7S and 11S subunits, were partially digested during alkaline fermentation, producing lower molecular-weight peptides. The fibrinolytic enzyme produced in SMC fermented by B. firmus NA-l and B. subtilis KU-A exhibited higher thermal stability than that of B. subtilis GT-D fermentation. The powder obtained from B. subtilis GT-D fermentation had an ${\alpha}$-amylase activity and lower consistency compared to those of B. firmus NA-1 and B. subtilis KU-A. In addition, this powder contained 6.3% moisture content, 27% crude protein content and 9 units of fibrinolytic activity and proteolytic activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.931-937
• /
• 2018

Glycosyltransferases (GTs) from microbes are an emerging and rich source for efficient glycol-transformation of natural/unnatural compounds. Here, we probed the catalytic capability and substrate promiscuity of BmmGT1 from marine-derived Bacillus methylotrophicus B-9987. The regioselectivity of BmmGT1 on macrolactin A (1) was explored by optimization of the reaction conditions, in which a series of O-glycosylated macrolactins (1a-1e) were generated, including two new di/tri-O-glucosyl analogs (1b and 1e). Furthermore, BmmGT1 was able to catalyze the glycosylation of the thiol (S-) or amine (N-) sites of phenolic compounds (2 and 3), leading to the generation of N- (2a) or S-glycosides (3a and 3b). The present study demonstrates that BmmGT1 could serve as a potential enzyme tool for O-, N-, or S-glycosyl structural diversification of compounds for drug discovery.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.205-210
• /
• 2011

Genistein (GT), a major isoflavone found in soybeans, has a potent antioxidant effect that protects the skin from UV-induced damages and malignant melanoma. In order to enhance the cellular uptake of GT, liposome/Tat complexes were prepared by an electrostatic interaction of anionic liposome (DMPC/DCP, 9:1 in molar ratio) with Tat peptide (0.02 to 0.08 mole), one of the well-known cell penetrating peptide (CPP). As the amount of Tat increased, the size increased but the zeta potential decreased. In vitro release study with dialysis membrane elicited GT release from liposomal preparations in a controlled manner. The addition of Tat increased GT release, especially for the initial period. In the cellular uptake study by incubating B16 melanoma cells with various liposomal preparations containing GT, B16 melanoma cells demonstrated a time-dependent increase of drug accumulation. Compared to the aqueous GT suspension, intracellular uptake was substantially enhanced by anionic liposomal formulation and further increased by the complex formulation. Therefore, liposome/ Tat complex might be a good candidate for facilitating intracellular drug delivery.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major chronic disease which increases global health problems. Diabetes-induced renal damage is associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Alpha (AT) and gamma-tocopherols (GT) have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in inflammation-mediated injuries. The primary aim of this study was to investigate effects of AT and GT supplementations on hyperglycemia induced acute kidney inflammation in alloxan induced diabetic mice with different levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG). MATERIALS/METHODS: Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, i.p) in ICR mice (5.5-week-old, male) and mice were subdivided according to their FBG levels and treated with different diets for 2 weeks; CON: non-diabetic mice, m-DMC: diabetic control mice with mild FBG levels (250 mg/dl ${\leq}$ FBG ${\leq}$ 450 mg/dl), m-AT: m-DM mice fed AT supplementation (35 mg/kg diet), m-GT: m-DM mice with GT supplementation (35 mg/kg diet), s-DMC: diabetic control mice with severe FBG levels (450 mg/dl < FBG), s-AT: s-DM mice with AT supplementation, s-GT: s-DM mice with GT supplementation. RESULTS: Both AT and GT supplementations showed similar beneficial effects on $NF{\kappa}B$ associated inflammatory response (phosphorylated inhibitory kappa B-${\alpha}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemotactic protein-1) and pre-fibrosis (tumor growth factor ${\beta}$-1 and protein kinase C-II) as well as an antioxidant emzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in diabetic mice. On the other hands, AT and GT showed different beneficial effects on kidney weight, FBG, and oxidative stress associated makers (malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) except HO-1. In particular, GT significantly preserved kidney weight in m-DM and improved FBG levels in s-DM and malondialdehyde and catalase in m- and s-DM, while AT significantly attenuated FBG levels in m-DM and improved glutathione peroxidase in m- and s-DM. CONCLUSIONS: the results suggest that AT and GT with similarities and differences would be considered as beneficial nutrients to modulate hyperglycemia induced acute renal inflammation. Further research with careful approach is needed to confirm beneficial effects of tocopherols in diabetes with different FBG levels for clinical applications.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.30-39
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The present study was undertaken to examine whether periodontal probe visibility (PV) accurately reflects gingival thickness (GT) and to identify factors affecting PV using cluster and multivariate analyses. Methods: The clinical characteristics of the maxillary central incisors (n=90 subjects) were examined. Clinical photographs, sex, PV, probing depth, gingival width, papilla height, GT as measured with an ultrasonic device, and the ratio of crown width to crown length were recorded. Multivariate analysis, using multinomial baseline-category logistic regression, was used to identify factors predictive of PV. Cluster analysis was used to identify gingival biotypes. Results: In the multivariate analysis, sex was the only significant predictor of PV (odds ratio, 6.48). Two clusters of subjects were created based on morphometric parameters. The mean GT among cluster A subjects was significantly lower than that among cluster B subjects (P=0.015). No significant difference was found between cluster A and B subjects in terms of PV score (P=0.583). Conclusions: Periodontal PV was not associated with GT as measured directly using an ultrasonic device. Sex was a highly significant predictor of periodontal PV. GT was found to be correlated with morphological characteristics of the periodontium.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 1988

본 시험은 연초의 생육작황에 따라서 적심시기와 정도를 두어 처리하였을 때 잎담배의 품질형질에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 수행하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 책상조직 및 발달은 적심시기에 따라 발뢰기＆gt;개화시＆gt;개화만기＆gt; 만기 순으로 적심정도에 따라서는 치엽 4매＆gt; 치엽 2매＆gt; 화뢰 적심 순으로 발달되었다. 2. A급작황에서는 개화만기 B급작황에서는 개화시 치엽 2매를 적심할 때 끽미에 관련있는 전당/니코틴의 비는 9.0, 9.7로 가강 양호하였으며, 방향성 물질인 석유에텐추출물을 9.9%, 8.4%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 3. 품질에 크게 영향하는 요인은 생태조직과 건조엽중 내용성분으로 생태조직의 구성형질들이 품질에 직접 영향하는 효과를 보면 책상조직 43.2%, 해면조직 26.5%, 조직비 17.7%, 엽후 6.7%, 세포간극율 3.1 %, 엽형지수 2.8% 순이며, 내용성분 형질은 니코틴 40.6%, 전당/니코틴 35.7%, 전당 10.0%, 전질소/니코틴 7.0% 전질소 4.6%, 석유 에텔추출물 2.1% 순으로 품질에 영향을 미쳤다. 4. 양질엽 생산을 위해서는 수량이 10a당 250∼280kg 생산되는 A급작황에서는 개화만기에 치엽 2매 적심을, 200kg 내외 생산되는 B급작황에서는 개화시 치엽 2매를 붙여 적심하는 것이 가장 바람직 할 것으로 생각된다.