• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1778-1783
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• 2006

Event-specific PCR detection methods are the primary trend in genetically modified (GM) plant detection owing to their high specificity based on the flanking sequence of the exogenous integrant. Therefore, this study describes a real-time PCR system for event-specific GM canola GT73, consisting of a set of primers, TaqMan probe, and single target standard plasmid. For the specific detection of GT73 canola, the 3'-integration junction sequence between the host plant DNA and the integrated specific border was targeted. To validate the proposed method, test samples of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10% GT73 canola were quantified. The method was also assayed with 15 different plants, and no amplification signal was observed in a real-time PCR assay with any of the species tested, other than GT73 canola.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.377-383
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hyperglycemia-induced hepatic damage has been recognized as one of the major cause of complications in diabetes. Hepatic complications are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetes. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that gamma-tocopherol (GT) supplementation ameliorates NLRP3 inflammasome associated hepatic inflammation in diabetes. MATERIALS/METHODS: Diabetes was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg. BW) in ICR mice. All mice were fed with a control diet (AIN-76A). After diabetes was induced (fasting glucose level ${\geq}250mg/dL$), the mice were treated with tocopherol-stripped corn oil or GT-supplemented (35 mg/kg) corn oil, respectively, by gavage for 2 weeks. RESULTS: GT supplementation reduced fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice relative to non-treated diabetic mice. Moreover, GT supplementation ameliorated hyperglycemia-induced hepatic damage by regulation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome associated inflammation represented by NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain, caspase-1, nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ pathway as well as oxidative stress demonstrated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1, catalase and glutathione-dependent peroxidase in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that GT supplementation ameliorated hepatic damage by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, GT could be a beneficial nutrient that can ameliorate inflammatory responses associated with NLRP3 inflammasome in hyperglycemia-induced hepatic damage.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.362-375
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between gingival thickness (GT) and keratinized gingiva width (KGW), papilla height (PH), and crown ratio (CR) by employing transgingival probing and an intraoral scanner (IOS). Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 360 maxillary anterior teeth from 60 patients. GT was assessed using transgingival probing with an endodontic spreader. KGW, CR, and PH were measured using an IOS. One-way analysis of variance, the Student's t-test, and Spearman correlation coefficients were employed for statistical analysis. Results: Higher GT was significantly associated with thinner KGW in the central region (P=0.019). There was no statistically significant difference in GT between teeth (P=0.06). PH was lower in lateral teeth than in canines (P=0.047), with a PH of 2.99 mm in lateral teeth. The KGW was narrower in canines than in central teeth (P=0.007). A moderate correlation was observed between KGW and PH in the central region (P=0.01), while a weak negative correlation was found between KGW and CR (P=0.043). Conclusions: A moderate negative correlation was found between GT and KGW, as well as between PH and KGW in central teeth. In contrast, a weak negative correlation existed between CR and KGW. The PH (2.99 mm) was lower in lateral teeth than in canines. The traditional paradigm, which suggests a positive correlation between KGW and GT, was reevaluated by measuring KGW using an IOS.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major chronic disease which increases global health problems. Diabetes-induced renal damage is associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Alpha (AT) and gamma-tocopherols (GT) have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in inflammation-mediated injuries. The primary aim of this study was to investigate effects of AT and GT supplementations on hyperglycemia induced acute kidney inflammation in alloxan induced diabetic mice with different levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG). MATERIALS/METHODS: Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg, i.p) in ICR mice (5.5-week-old, male) and mice were subdivided according to their FBG levels and treated with different diets for 2 weeks; CON: non-diabetic mice, m-DMC: diabetic control mice with mild FBG levels (250 mg/dl ${\leq}$ FBG ${\leq}$ 450 mg/dl), m-AT: m-DM mice fed AT supplementation (35 mg/kg diet), m-GT: m-DM mice with GT supplementation (35 mg/kg diet), s-DMC: diabetic control mice with severe FBG levels (450 mg/dl < FBG), s-AT: s-DM mice with AT supplementation, s-GT: s-DM mice with GT supplementation. RESULTS: Both AT and GT supplementations showed similar beneficial effects on $NF{\kappa}B$ associated inflammatory response (phosphorylated inhibitory kappa B-${\alpha}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemotactic protein-1) and pre-fibrosis (tumor growth factor ${\beta}$-1 and protein kinase C-II) as well as an antioxidant emzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in diabetic mice. On the other hands, AT and GT showed different beneficial effects on kidney weight, FBG, and oxidative stress associated makers (malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) except HO-1. In particular, GT significantly preserved kidney weight in m-DM and improved FBG levels in s-DM and malondialdehyde and catalase in m- and s-DM, while AT significantly attenuated FBG levels in m-DM and improved glutathione peroxidase in m- and s-DM. CONCLUSIONS: the results suggest that AT and GT with similarities and differences would be considered as beneficial nutrients to modulate hyperglycemia induced acute renal inflammation. Further research with careful approach is needed to confirm beneficial effects of tocopherols in diabetes with different FBG levels for clinical applications.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1316-1320
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• 2018

The effects of a green tea extract (GTE) were examined using the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Cell viability assays using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays revealed that GTE had a significant cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells, depending on the concentration of GTE. Western blotting of p53 and its related proteins, p21/cip1 and CDK2, after GTE treatment revealed that a significant and concentration dependent increase in p53 protein in response to GTE. The levels of p21/cip1 proteins were also increased at low GTE concentrations were significantly increased even at the highest GTE concentrations. However, the level of CDK2 was significantly decreased by treatment with high concentrations of GTE. These results indicate that treatment with GTE increased the p53 level in MCF-7 cells, and this activation of p53 markedly elevated the levels of p21/cip1proteins, which, in turn, inhibited CDK2 expression in the MCF-7 cells. The inhibition of CDK2 expression might then affect cell cycle progression. Subsequent FACS analysis indicated that GTE treatment the gradually increased progression of the MCF-7 to the G1 phase. These results clearly demonstrate that the anti-tumor effect of GTE in MCF-7 cells is regulated by p53 arrest of the MCF-7 cells at the G1 stage of cell cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.784-791
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• 1994

This study was to investigate the cadmium removal effect of Korean green tea, black tea and oolong tea beverage on Cd administered rat, tissues and their excretions. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 143±3.2g were divided into control and experimental groups. The control group were fed standard diet without cadmium . The experimental groups, which were fed standard diet containing 40 ppm Cd, were divided into 4 subgroups again , which were the groups given distilled water (CD group), 5% black tea (BT group), oolong tea (OT group ) and green tea (GT group), respectively. Five days before to sacrifice the rats, all 4 cadmium fed groups were supplied 1 ml of water with 600ppm Cd and control group were fed 1 ml of distilled water without Cd under the same dietary condition. After that, their excretion were collected separately for 3 days. In rat liver and kidney, accmulation of cadmium in 4 Cd administered groups were more than in control group and that of GT group was significantly less than CD group. In bone , also, accumulation of cadmium in 4 Cd administered groups was more than in control group and that of GT, OT,BT groups were much less than that of CD group. GT group was excreted more Cd in urine than Cd group. In feces, 3 tea feeding groups (BT, OT, GT group) were excreted Cd 1.7, 2.1, 2.4 times more than that of the CD group, respectively. We conclude that cadmium accumulations of GT feeding group in rat's liver, kidney and bone were much less than CD group , and the absorption and retention rate of GT group was significantly lower than CD group.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2017

Introduction: Identifying menton (Me) on posteroanterior cephalograms and three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is difficult, because the midpoint of the symphyseal area is not identifiable after the mandibular symphysis fuses at an early age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the identification of the genial tubercle (GT) in patients with mandibular asymmetry and to compare it with that of the traditional landmark, Me. Methods: The samples comprised 20 CBCT images of adults with mandibular asymmetry. Two examiners performed the identifications and measurements. Me and GT were marked, and the anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse distances to the three reference planes were measured on 3D-reconstructed CBCT images. The intra- and inter-examiner reliability of landmark identification of Me and GT were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The Me and GT landmarks showed excellent reliability ($ICC{\geq}0.993$) three-dimensionally. In the transverse evaluation, the ICC values of the GT (range, 0.997-0.999) tended to be slightly higher than those of Me (range, 0.993-0.996). In the Bland-Altman plots for the two separate assessments, Me showed a maximum error of 1.76 mm in the transverse direction, whereas the GT showed a maximum error of 0.96 mm in the 95% limit. Conclusions: Our results suggest that both Me and GT are clinically reliable and equally useful landmarks for the evaluation of mandibular asymmetry on CBCT images.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1339-1343
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• 2005

The N-inversion energies and nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of N-substituted aziridine compounds are investigated using B3LYP/6-31+$G^*$ methods, where substituents (R) on the nitrogen atom has been H (1), Me (2), Ph (3), Bn (4), CHMePh (5), $CO_2Me$ (6), COPh (7) and $SO_2Ph$ (8). The N-inversion energy with X group are decreased as the following order: R = CHMePh (17.06 kcal/mol) $\gt$ Me (16.97) $\gt$ Bn (16.70) $\gt$ H (16.64) $\gt$ $SO_2Ph$ (12.18) $\gt$ Ph (8.91) $\gt$ COPh (5.75) $\gt$ $CO_2Me$ (5.48). For reactivity of the ring opening toward cyanide ion, the aziridine 6 (R=$CO_2Me$) is shown to be the most reactive one. During the ring opening of aziridine 6 by CN$^{\ominus}$, the torsional OCNC angle becomes near to $180^{\circ}$, where the geometry allows for the effective incorporation of electrons of the nitrogen atom to the C=O bond. It would be a possible driving force for nucleophilic ring opening reaction as well as decreasing the N-inversion energy barrier. Regarding to the regioselectivity, the orientation of nucleophile in ring opening reaction appears to be different in the case of 9 and 10. The results are discussed in terms of steric/electronic effect of the $C_2$-substituents.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2012

Objectives : Traditional medicine Gumiganghwal-tang (GT) has been used in Asia to treat inflammatory diseases including common cold, pain, fever, and algor. In this study we investigated the acute toxicity and safety of GT and fermented GT (FGT). Methods : Acute toxicity and safety were evaluated in male and female ICR mice orally administered 0 (control) and 2,000 mg/kg of GT and FGT. After the administration of GT and FGT, we observed mortality, body weight, clinical symptoms. After necropsy, organ weights were measured and blood analysis was performed. Results : There was no mortality and clinical symptoms according to the administration of GT and FGT. Comparing with control group, there were no significant alterations on the organ weight, complete blood cell count and biochemical parameters. Conclusions : Median lethal dose of GT and FGT considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female mice, and recognized as safe with no toxicity.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

Green tea has attracted attention with respect to its potential for preventing and treating neurodegenerative disease. The neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), was used to produce experimental Parkinson's disease (PD) model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea diet on behavioral changes, striatal dopamine content, and hepatic antioxidant parameters of PD model rats. In this study, we used male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $200\sim220g$ and injected 6-OHDA into the right substantia nigra and medial forebrain bundle of the brain. The supply of green tea diet was started at 2 weeks before 6-OHDA lesion and continually supplied during 0, 2, and 4 weeks after 6-OHDA lesion (GT-0, GT-2, GT-4). Behavioral disturbance was measured by the stepping and d-amphetamine drug-induced rotation tests. Then, we assayed the striatal dopamine content and the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The percentage of lesioned forepaw to non-lesioned forepaw step scores was the highest in GT-4 group among all groups at both 3 and 4 weeks after 6-OHDA lesion. At 4 weeks after 6-OHDA lesion, the rotation score was the lowest in GT-2 group (p<0.05). However, increasing rate of the rotation score from 2 to 4 weeks after 6-OHDA lesion was the lowest in GT-4 group. The striatal dopamine content was not significantly different among four groups by green tea diet. The hepatic MDA level was the lowest in GT-4 group among four groups. The hepatic SOD activity was increased with the prolongation of green tea diet period These results suggest that green tea diet affects behavioral changes in rats of PD model. It seems that continuous green tea supplementation has an influence on the reduction of behavioral disturbance and the hepatic MDA level. Accordingly, continuous green tea supplementation was recommended for the prevention and treatment of PD. However, further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms and efficacy of green tea in PD.