• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.648-663
• /
• 2017

To verify the association between GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases in Asian population. 18 published reports cited in EMBASE, Google, KISS, MEDLINE and PubMed up to December 2015 were collected for a meta-analysis. The GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphism for null and present type were analysed separately. The significant association was found between the GST polymorphism and autoimmune diseases in an overall population (GSTM1, OR=1.334, 95% CI=1.137-1.567, p=0.000; GSTT1, OR=1.212, 95% CI=1.012-1.452, p=0.037). Asian population showed the significant association of GSTM1 in the autoimmune diseases, especially vitiligo and atopic dermatitis but non-significant association of GSTT1 in RA and SLE. The GSTM1 null and the GSTT1 present type showed the association with autoimmune diseases in Asian population. The null type frequency of the combination of GSTM1-GSTT1 polymorphism in autoimmune diseases in Asian population was higher than that of the control group. This result indicated that null type of GSTM1-GSTT1 combination can be a risk factor of autoimmune diseases in Asian population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.355-361
• /
• 2015

Background: Deletion types of genetic variants of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1, the GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null which are risk factors for certain cancers, have been ubiquitously found in human populations but their worldwide distribution pattern is unclear. Materials and Methods: To perform a meta-analysis, a systematic search for the literature on GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes was done to identify 63 reports for 81 human populations. Relationships between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies and the absolute latitude of 81 populations were tested by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: A significant positive correlation was detected between the GSTM1 null genotype frequency and the absolute latitude (r=0.28, p-value <0.05), whereas the GSTT1 null genotype frequency and absolute latitude showed a significant negative correlation (r= -0.41 p-value <0.01). There was no correlation between the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype in each population (r= -0.029, p-value=0.80). Conclusions: Latitudinal clines of the distribution of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes may be attributed to the result of gene-environmental adaptation. No functional compensation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 was suggested by the lack of correlation between the null frequencies for GSTM1 and GSTT1.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.289-299
• /
• 2017

To verify the association between susceptibility to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and GSTM1, GSTT1 gene polymorphisms in Asian populations, 9 papers published until July 2017 were cited in a meta-analysis. The null present types of the GSTM1, GSTT1 gene were analyzed individually. The significant association was found between CML and GST polymorphism (GSTM1; OR=1.306, 95% CI=1.091-1.563, p=0.004, GSTT1; OR=1.987, 95% CI=1.438-2.746, p=0.000). In addition, there was association between CML and the null type of the combination GSTM1-GSTT1 polymorphisms (OR=4.191, 95% CI=2.833-6.201, p=0.000). Thus, genetic polymorphisms of the GSTM1, GSTT1 and combination GSTM1-GSTT1 polymorphism in Asian populations may be risk factors for CML.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.262-266
• /
• 2008

Purpose : Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a polymorphic supergene family of detoxification enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of numerous diseases. Several allelic variants of GSTs show impaired enzyme activity and are suspected to increase the susceptibility to diseases. Bilirubin is bound efficiently by GST members. The most commonly expressed gene in the liver is GSTM1, and GSTT1 is expressed predominantly in the liver and kidneys. To ascertain the relationship between GST and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, the distribution of the polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 were investigated in this study. Methods : Genomic DNA was isolated from 88 patients and 186 healthy controls. The genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results : The overall frequency of the GSTM1 null was lower in patients compared to controls (P=0.0187, Odds ratio (OR) =0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31-0.88). Also, the GSTT1 null was lower in patients compared to controls (P=0.0014, OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.24-0.70). Moreover, the frequency of the null type of both, in the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1, was significantly reduced in jaundiced patients (P=0.0008, OR=0.31, 95% CI=0.17-0.61). Conclusion : We hypothesized that GSTM1 and GSTT1 might be associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. However, the GSTT1 and GSTM1 null type was reduced in patients. Therefore the null GSTT1, null GSTM1, and null type of both in the combination of GSTM1 and GSTT1 may be not a risk factor of neonatal jaundice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.3535-3539
• /
• 2013

Head and neck cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Two genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 involved in phase II of carcinogen detoxification have been frequently studied in the literature. Their null genotypes are thought to be associated with increased head and neck cancer risk. However, the published reviews are not up to date and many important papers have been skipped. The current literature review was restricted to the null genotypes of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes with special emphasis on the genotypic status. We found that the size of study sample varied greatly and the oral cavity cancer was more influenced by GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions. With respect to ethnicity Asians are more prone to head and neck cancers with these null genotypes as compared to Europeans and Americans. The current review showed significant associations (OR=9.0, 95%CI; 1.4-9.5; OR=3.7, 95%CI; 1.4-9.5) of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with head and neck cancers. Review confirms the data of previous reviews that GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms may be risk factors for cancer initiation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.1697-1701
• /
• 2013

Background: Studies of associations between genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) with risk of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) have generated conflicting results. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the effects of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on the risk of developing NPC. Materials and Methods: A literature search in two electronic databases namely PubMed and EMBASE up to December 2012 was conducted and eligible papers were finally selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and presence of heterogeneity and publication bias in those studies were evaluated. Results: A total of 9 studies concerning nasopharyngeal cancer were evaluated. Analyses of all relevant studies showed increased NPC risk to be significantly associated with the null genotypes of GSTMI (OR=1.43, 95%CI 1.24-1.66) and GSTT1 (OR=1.28, 95%CI=1.09-1.51). In addition, evidence of publication bias was detected among the studies on GSTM1 polymorphism. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are associated with an increased risk of NPC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.815-819
• /
• 2012

Aim: We conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the influence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms on cervical cancer risk, and explore gene-environment interactions. Methods: Identification of relevant studies was carried out through a search of Medline and the EMbase up to Oct. 2011. All case-control studies that investigated the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and risk of cervical cancer were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was used for analyses of results and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: A total of 21 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis of GSTM1 (2,378 cases and 2,639 controls) and GSTT1 (1,229 cases and 1,223 controls) genotypes. The overall results showed that the GSTM1 null was related to an increased risk of cervical cancer (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.21-1.85). Subgroup analysis were performed based on smoking and ethnicity. Our results showed that smokers with null GSTM1 genotype had a moderate increased risk of cervical cancer (OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.07-3.20). For the ethnicity stratification, moderate significantly increased risk of null GSTM1 genotype was found in Chinese (OR=2.12, 95% CI=1.43-3.15) and Indian populations (OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.49-2.88), but no increased risk was noted in others. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provided strong evidence that the GSTM1 genotype is associated with the development of cervical cancer, especially in smokers, and Chinese and Indian populations. However, no association was found for GSTT1 null genotype carriers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.10-24
• /
• 2017

Purpose: GST (glutathione S-transferase) M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms are known to affect antioxidant levels. This study was carried out to evaluate genetic susceptibility by measuring the effect of DNA damage reduction in the Korean diet by vegetable food according to GST gene polymorphisms using the ex vivo method with human lymphocytes. Methods: Vegetable foods in the Korean diet based the results of the KNHANES V-2 (2011) were classified into 10 food groups. A total of 84 foods, which constituted more than 1% of the total intake in each food group, were finally designated as a vegetable food in the Korean diet. The Korean diet applied in this study is the standard one-week meals for Koreans (2,000 Kcal/day) suggested by the 2010 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. Ex vivo DNA damage in human lymphocytes was assessed using comet assay. Results: In the Korean food group, the DNA damage protective effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 was found to be greater in mutant type and wild-type, respectively. and the DNA damage protective effect according to the combined genotype of GSTM1 and GSTT1 was different depending on the food group. On the other hand, in Korean Diet, the DNA damage protective effect appeared to be larger in GSTM1 wild-type than in mutant type and was found to not be affected by GSTT1 genotype. Conclusion: These results can be used as basic data to demonstrate the superiority of the antioxidant function of Korean dietary patterns and food groups. Furthermore, it may be a starting point to begin research on customized antioxidant nutrition according to individual genes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.708-719
• /
• 2007

Glutathione S-transferase genotypes GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 were characterized in 104 healthy male and female subjects and compared with parameters of oxidative stress at the level of DNA and lipids, with antioxidant enzymes, and with plasma antioxidants in smokers and non.smokers. Of the 104 subjects studied, 57.4% were GSTT1 present and 47.6% were GSTM1 present. The GSTP1 polymorphisms a and b were represented as follows: a/a, 75.5%; a/b, 21.6%; b/b type, 2.9%. The GSTT1 null genotype was associated with decreased glutathione in erythrocytes and elevated lymphocytes DNA damage. GST-Px was higher in GSTT1 null compared with GSTT1 present type. The homozygous GSTP1 genotype was not associated with any antioxidant status or DNA damage. The difference in plasma ${\alpha}$-carotene and erythrocytes GSH-Px and GST activities between smokers and non-smokers was detected in the GSTT1 null genotype. Plasma ${\gamma}$-tocopherol and ${\beta}$-carotene decreased significantly in smokers having GSTM1 null genotype. When GSTT1 and GSTM1 were combined, plasma lycopene and erythrocyte GST were reduced in smokers in both null types of these genes. As for GSTP1 genotype, plasma ${\alpha}$-carotene and erythrocytes GSH-Px decreased significantly in smokers with GSTP1 b/b, while erythrocytes GSH-Px activities decreased in smokers with GSTP1 a/b. The different ${\beta}$-carotene level between smokers and non-smokers was seen with both GSTP1 a/a and a/b genotype. It seems that polymorphisms in the phase II metabolizing enzyme glutathione S-transferase may be important determinants of commonly measured biomarkers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.12
• /
• pp.7165-7169
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate any association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with the risk of lung cancer in a South Korean population. Methods: We conducted a large-scale, population-based case-control study including 3,933 lung cancer cases and 1,699 controls. Genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: In logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and smoking, we did not find any association between GSTM1 or GSTT1 and LC risk in women. However, in men, the GSTM1 and GSTTI null genotypes were borderline associated with risk (OR=1.18, 95% CI=0.99-1.41 for GSTM1, OR=1.18, 95% CI=0.99-1.41 for GSTT1), and combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes conferred an increased risk for LC in men (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.08-1.78). The OR for the GSTT1 null genotype was greater in subjects aged 55 years old or younger (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.09-1.92 for men; OR=1.36, 95% CI=0.97-1.90 for women), than in those over age 55 (OR=1.03, 95% CI=0.83-1.27 for men; OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.66-1.12 for women) in both genders (p for interaction <0.05). Conclusions: In the Korean population, the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are risk factors for LC in men; the GSTT1 null genotype has a more prominent effect on LC risk in younger people (age 55 years and under) than in older individuals.