• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.314-320
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• 2021

In the present study, we investigated the effect of photoperiod and water temperature on the gonadosomatic index (GSI), histological stage of the testes, and plasma levels of sex steroid (testosterone, T; 11-ketotestosterone, 11-KT) hormones in cultured male small yellow croakers (Larimichthys polyactis). In a photoperiod experiment, small yellow croakers were reared under a natural photoperiod (NP, 10L:14D-11L:13D), long photoperiod (LP, 14L:10D), and short photoperiod (SP, 10L:14D) at 17℃ for 90 days. The GSI was significantly higher in the LP group than in the other groups at 30 and 60 days. The plasma 11-KT levels were significantly higher in the LP group than in the other groups at 30 days. In a water temperature experiment, small yellow croakers were reared under natural water temperature (NT, 19.1-15.0℃), or at 17℃, 21℃, or 25℃ under a LP (14L:10D) for 60 days. The GSI was significantly lower for the 25℃ group than for the other groups at 30 and 60 days. The plasma 11-KT levels were significantly lower for the 25℃ group than for the other groups at 60 days. Therefore, the sexual maturation of cultured male yellow croakers was promoted by LP and inhibited at water temperatures above 25℃. These findings suggest that the sexual maturation of cultured male small yellow croakers is controlled by both the photoperiod and the water temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.975-980
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• 2020

To protect wireless sensor networks (WSNs), various key distribution and management schemes have been proposed. However, most of them conducted simulations and experiments for performance evaluation by considering only the two-dimensional (2D) environments. In this paper, we investigate the effect of real-world three-dimensional (3D) topographic features on the key pre-distribution schemes for WSNs. For this purpose, we analyze and compare the performance of three pairwise key pre-distribution schemes in 2D and 3D environments: full pairwise (FP), random pairwise (RP), and full and random pairwise (FRP) schemes. For the experiments, we employ a network simulator NS-3 and 3D graphic tools such as Blender and Unity. As a result, we confirm that there was a difference in the performance of each scheme according to the actual 3D terrain and that the location-based FRP that considers deployment errors, has the highest efficiency in many aspects.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.133-137
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• 2014

Rearing experiments were conducted using several regimes combined with different photoperiods and water temperatures to investigate the role of temperature and photoperiod as environmental cues regulating reproduction in red marbled rockfish, Sebastiscus tertius. The initial gonadosomatic index (GSI) was $1.62{\pm}0.32%$ and that in the $15^{\circ}C$ control was $7.01{\pm}0.46%$ at the end of the experiment. The highest GSI was $9.10{\pm}0.35%$ in the 12L:12D photoperiod-treated fish. The highest GSI at $19^{\circ}C$ was $15.03{\pm}0.86%$ in the 12L:12D photoperiod treatment. The initial hepatosomatic index (HSI) was $3.09{\pm}0.72%$ and that in the $15^{\circ}C$ control was $3.88{\pm}0.45%$. The highest HSI was $4.00{\pm}0.56%$ in the 15L:9D treated fish. The highest HSI at $19^{\circ}C$ was $4.05{\pm}0.63%$ in the 12L:12D treated fish.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.423-427
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• 2010

To develope SOC(social overhead capita) which constructs the railroad, highway etc., the geo-technical foundation have to be well understood for the safety works. In this paper, we selected Moonkyung area for the study area, which has various geological units and geological structure including the big thrust and fold. By this reason one of the geo-technical information is the engineering geology map. To make the map, lithology and soil distribution with drilling data are important elements. Three dimensional geo-infomation is established by fence diagram which is several geological cross sections and/or computer software 3D Geomodeller, EarthVision, GSI3D, Gocad.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.35D no.3
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• pp.18-27
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• 1998

Molecular dynamicsinvestigations of ion implantation considering point defect generation were performed with ion energies in the range of ~1keV, Simulation starts perfect diamond cubic lattice site. Stillinger-Weber potential and ZBL potential were used to calculate forces between atoms. We have simulated slowing-down of ion velocity, ion trajectory and coupled-coing between ion and silicon. We also discussed distribution of point defect using rdial distribution function. We found that interstitial produced by ion bombardment mainly formed interstitial cluster.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-86
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• 2023

To overcome the dilemma of the [BQ] method's inability to predict mountain tunnel support loads, this study is based on the Hoek-Brown criterion and previous results to obtain the connection equations from GSI scores to each parameter of the Hoek-Brown criterion and the link between the [BQ] scores and the GSI system. The equations were embedded in the Hoek-Brown criterion of FLAC6.0 software to obtain tunnel construction forecasts without destroying the in-situ stratigraphy. The feasibility of the secondary development of the Hoek-Brown criterion was verified through comparative analysis with field engineering measurements. If GSI > 45 with a confining pressure of less than 10 MPa, GSI has little effect on the critical softening factor while we should pay attention to the parameter of confining pressure when GSI < 45. The design values for each parameter are closer to the FLAC3D simulation results and the secondary development of the Hoek-Brown criterion meets the design objectives. If the Class V surrounding rock is thinned with shotcrete or the secondary lining is installed earlier, the secondary lining may act as the main load-bearing structure. The study may provide ideas for rapid prediction of mountainous tunnels in China.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.935-940
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• 2014

To investigate effect of on sexual maturation in spotted seabass, Lateolabrax maculatus the sexual maturation, photoperiods were established to natural photoperiod, 9L:15D, 11L:13D, 13L:11D and 15L:9D. After rearing for 90 days from August 11 to November 10, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hormones were analyzed. In the female, GSI was $1.07{\pm}0.09%$ in the natural photoperiod, $1.93{\pm}0.06%$ in 9L:15D, while the GSI of male was $0.75{\pm}0.05%$ in the natural photoperiod, $1.89{\pm}0.12%$ in 9L:15D and $0.22{\pm}0.05%$ in 15L:9D and the lowest in 15L:9D, respectively. The blood estradiol (E2) of female was $226.0{\pm}13.6pg/ml$ in the natural photoperiod, and the highest value of $296.3{\pm}15.0pg/ml$ in 9L:15D. The male $17{\alpha}20{\beta}OHP$ was similar to the female with $196.3{\pm}17.0pg/ml$ in the natural photo period and $133.0{\pm}15.5pg/ml$ in 9L:15D. The testosterone (T) of male was $259.3{\pm}33.1pg/ml$ in the natural photoperiod, but the hightest value of $370.5{\pm}27.5pg/ml$ in 9L:15D. These results provide basic information from sexual maturation of spotted seabass.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.12 no.1 s.28
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• pp.21-29
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• 2004

Floods are disastrous natural phenomena which result in numerous losses of life and property. It is possible to minimize the potential risk by adopting a disaster management system. Nowadays, Geo-Spatial Information System(GSIS) and computer-modelling techniques have assisted scientists and engineers with determining flood disaster assessments, GIS technologies especially have the advantage of performing spatial analysis as well as generating the model for a flood hazard. Therefore, this paper presents the flood management system based on 3D GSIS that can cope with natural disasters actively and manage flood hazard systematically by constructing the database using hydrological data, digital map, DEM, and high-resolution satellite images.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.231-241
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• 2008

The present study was designed to clarify aspects of the annual reproductive cycle of the fresh water mitten crab, Eriocheir japonicus inhabiting Sumjin river, and to determine the adequate conditions of temperature, photoperiod and salinity on the gonadal maturation and breeding of adult female crabs. Based on the seasonal changes of GSIs and gonadal histology of adult crabs, the annual reproductive cycle could be divided into 4 periods as follows: previtellogenesis period (from September to October) when GSIs were low value and ovaries had oocytes in previtellogenesis stage and meiotic prophase stage; maturing period (from November to March of the next year) when GSIs increased gradually and ovarian oocytes accumulated yolk globules; spawning period (from April to June) when high value of GSI of female was kept and ovigerous female appeared; resting period (from July to August) when GSIs decreased rapidly, and vitellogenic oocytes degenerated. Gonadal maturation was influenced by water temperature, but not photoperiod and salinity. GSI more increased in experimental regime of $18^{\circ}C$ than that of $10^{\circ}C$ regardless of photoperiod conditions (12L12D and 15L9D). However, in $26^{\circ}C$ regime of both photoperiod conditions, the value of GSI was not changed, and vitellogenic oocytes were not observed. Spawning was considerably influenced by water temperatures and salinities regardless of photoperiods. Vitellogenic female crabs did not spawn at $10^{\circ}C$ in any salinity conditions. However, at $18^{\circ}C$ and $26^{\circ}C$, over a half of rearing female crabs spawned in condition of 30% sea water (salinity 9.6%o) and 60% sea water (salinity 19.2%o), while no female spawned in freshwater condition (salinity 0.0%o).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.76-90
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• 1993

To clarify the relations between photoperiodism and x-organ of eyestalks to the control of gonadal maturation in a freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense, the present investigation was performed with following examinations: 1) the influence of water temperature and daylength on the control of gonadal maturation, 2) the effect of eyestalk ablation on the gonadal maturation, 3) the seasonal variation of histology of MEX-organ (medulla externa X-organ) in the eyestalk. In previtellogenesis period (December${\sim}$March) and vitellogenesis period (April${\sim}$May), gonadal maturation was considerablely influnced by water temperature. In these periods, GSI increased and gonads were matured with water temperature rising without regard to photoperiod conditions (12L/12D and 15L/9D). In spawning period (June${\sim}$August), however, gonadal maturation was influenced by photoperiod condition. While high value of GSI was kept at long photoperiod regime (15L/9D), GSI was decreased at short photoperiod regime (12L/12D). In resting period (September${\sim}$November), no rematuration was occurred at all the experimental regimes combinated with water temperatures ($16^{\circ}C,\;22^{\circ}C,\;28^{\circ}C$) and photoperiod (12L/12D, 15L/9D). Effect of X-organ which inhibite the gonadal maturation was stronger in resting period than that in previtellogenesis and ealy spawning periods by observations on the effectiveness of eyestalk ablation on the gonadal maturation. In MEX-organ of eyestalk, the number of neurosecretory cells of which size was over $20{\mu}m$ in diameter varied according to the reproductive cycle. The number of cells increased $77{\pm}12$ in resting period, and decreased $55{\pm}7$ in vitellogenesis period. Volume of Bellonci's organ, however, increased in vitellogenesis period in comparison with that in resting period.