• 제목/요약/키워드: GSI-191

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CHEMICAL EFFECTS ON PWR SUMP STRAINER BLOCKAGE AFTER A LOSS-OF-COOLANT ACCIDENT: REVIEW ON U.S. RESEARCH EFFORTS

  • Bahn, Chi Bum
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.295-310
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    • 2013
  • Industry- or regulatory-sponsored research activities on the resolution of Generic Safety Issue (GSI)-191 were reviewed, especially on the chemical effects. Potential chemical effects on the head loss across the debris-loaded sump strainer under a post-accident condition were experimentally evidenced by small-scale bench tests, integrated chemical effects test (ICET), and vertical loop head loss tests. Three main chemical precipitates were identified by WCAP-16530-NP: calcium phosphate, aluminum oxyhydroxide, and sodium aluminum silicate. The former two precipitates were also identified as major chemical precipitates by the ICETs. The assumption that all released calcium would form precipitates is reasonable. CalSil insulation needs to be minimized especially in a plant using trisodium phosphate buffer. The assumption that all released aluminum would form precipitates appears highly conservative because ICETs and other studies suggest substantial solubility of aluminum at high temperature and inhibition of aluminum corrosion by silicate or phosphate. The industry-proposed chemical surrogates are quite effective in increasing the head loss across the debris-loaded bed and more effective than the prototypical aluminum hydroxide precipitates generated by in-situ aluminum corrosion. There appears to be some unresolved potential issues related to GSI-191 chemical effects as identified in NUREG/CR-6988. The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, however, concluded that the implications of these issues are either not generically significant or are appropriately addressed, although several issues associated with downstream in-vessel effects remain.

Debris transport visualization to analyze the flow characteristics in reactor vessel for nuclear power plants

  • Song, Yong Jae;Lim, Dong Seok;Heo, Min Beom;Kim, Beom Kyu;Lee, Doo Yong;Jo, Daeseong
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제53권12호
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    • pp.4003-4013
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    • 2021
  • During the long-term cooling (LTC) phase of a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) in a pressurized water reactor (PWR), water is supplied from the containment sump to the reactor coolant system (RCS) by the flooded sump water to the Reactor Vessel (RV) through the broken pipes. As part of the technical efforts for resolving GSI-191 [( Reid and Crytzer, May. 2007) 1, consideration is needed for the consequences of debris penetrating the sump screen and propagating downstream into the RV. Injection of debris (fiberglass) into the RV during the LTC recirculation phase needs special attention to assure that reactor core cooling is maintained. The point of concern is the potential for debris to adversely affect the reactor core flow paths or heat transfer [2]. However, all the experiments for proving the coolability of RV have been done with the assumption of the most of debris would be transferred to the RV and the bottom nozzle of the FAs. The purpose of the tests is to quantify the amount of the debris that would be accumulated at the lower plenum and the debris that passes through the FAs since non-conservatism of other researches assumptions that have been used in the past experimental or analytical programs.

Corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy in simulated nuclear accident environments regarding the chemical effects in GSI-191

  • Da Wang ;Amanda Leong;Qiufeng Yang ;Jinsuo Zhang
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제54권11호
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    • pp.4062-4071
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    • 2022
  • Long-term aluminum (Al) corrosion tests were designed to investigate the condition that would generate severe Al corrosion and precipitation. Buffer agents of sodium tetraborate (NaTB), trisodium phosphate (TSP) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were adopted. The insulation materials, fiberglass and calcium silicate (Ca-sil), were examined to explore their effects on Al corrosion. The results show that significant precipitates were formed in both NaTB/TSP-buffered solutions at high pH. The precipitates formed in NaTB solution raise more concerns on chemical effects in GSI-191. A passivation layer formed on the surfaces of coupon in solution with the presence of insulations could effectively mitigate Al corrosion. The Fe-enriched intermetallic particles (IPs) embedded in coupon appeared to serve as seeds to readily induce precipitation via providing extra area for heterogeneous Al hydroxide precipitation. X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicate that the precipitates are mainly boehmite (γ-AlOOH) and no direct evidence confirms the presence of sodium aluminum silicate or calcium phosphate.

범가자미 Verasper variegatus의 성성숙 (Sexual Maturation of the Spotted Flounder Verasper variegatus)

  • 김윤;안철민;김경길;백혜자
    • 한국어류학회지
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.191-199
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    • 1998
  • 범가자미 Verasper variegatus의 난소는 좌우 1쌍의 대칭구조로 주머니 모양이며 산란기가 되면 생식소는 복강 뒤부터 뒷지느러미까지 길게 발달하였다. 정소는 좌우 1쌍을 가지나 산란기에 복강 내에서만 발달하였다. 생식소중량지수(GSI)는 암컷의 경우 3월부터 7월까지는 낮은 값을 보이다가 8월부터 증가하기 시작하여 1월에 연중 최대값을 나타내었다. 수컷의 GSI 변화도 암컷과 마찬가지로 1월에 연중 최대값(1.7)을 나타내었다. 산란기의 난소에는 $600{\sim}1400{\mu}m$ 사이의 난모세포들이 4~6개의 무리를 이루어 발달하는 것으로 보아 범가자미는 4회 이상 산란하는 다회 산란어종으로 확인되었다. 군성숙도 조사에서 50% 산란에 참여하는 개체는 암컷이 전장 42.0~44.0cm, 수컷이 28.0~30.0cm 였으며, 100% 산란에 참여하는 전장은 압수 각각 44.0cm와 32.0cm 였다. 생식년주기는 8~10월의 성장기, 11~12월의 성숙기, 12월~2월의 완숙 및 산란기, 3~7월의 퇴화 및 휴지기 등으로 구분할 수 있었다.

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GIS기반의 투수/불투수도를 이용한 용도지역별 불투수율 현황분석 - 인천시 부평구를 대상으로 - (Analysis on the Current Status of Impervious Ratio in Land-use Zone Using Pervious/Impervious Map based on GIS - Focused on Bupyeong-gu Incheon -)

  • 오성광;김계현;이철용
    • 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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    • pp.191-191
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    • 2015
  • 무분별한 도시화 및 산업화로 인해 불투수면이 증가하고 있다. 불투수면은 빗물이 투과하지 못하는 지면을 의미한다. 이러한 불투수면은 강우 시 지면에 있는 유해물질이 그대로 인근 수계로 유입되게 함으로써 심각한 수질 오염을 야기한다. 이와 관련하여 환경부에서는 불투수율 관리를 위하여 2013년에 전국토를 대상으로 불투수율을 산정한바 있으나, 소축척 수준의 시 또는 유역 단위 통계만을 산출하였고 대축척 수준의 소규모 개인 필지 내 조경지역 등을 반영한 불투수율 통계는 현재까지 부재하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인천시 부평구를 대상으로 소규모 필지까지 적용 가능한 고해상도 투수/불투수도를 제작 및 활용하여 용도지역별 불투수율 현황을 분석하였다. 불투수면의 공간적 분포 확인을 위해 토지피복지도, 수치지형도, 항공사진(25cm급) 등을 활용하여 고해상도 투수/불투수도를 제작하였다. 투수/불투수도는 세분류 토지피복지도 제작 지침인 선형 요소의 경우 폭 3m, 면형 요소의 경우 면적 $10m{\times}10m(100m^2)$를 참조하여 제작되어 개별 필지단위의 불투수면까지 확인 가능하다. 이후 용도지역도를 수집하여 GIS 환경에서 투수/불투수도와 중첩하여 용도지역별 불투수율을 산출하였다. 불투수율을 산정한 결과 부평구 전체 불투수율은 64%로 확인되었다. 또한 용도지역도 중분류상 주거지역의 경우 불투수율이 82.1%, 상업지역의 경우 91.7%, 공업지역의 경우 94.1%, 녹지지역의 경우 30%로 확인되었다. 상업지역 및 공업지역의 경우 불투수율이 90%이상으로 불투수면 관리가 시급하다고 판단되었다. 본 연구 결과는 기존 환경부에서 제작한 투수/불투수도 보다 정확한 불투수면의 공간적 분포 확인 및 불투수 면적 산출이 가능하여 불투수면 우선관리지역 선정을 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 향후 연구에서는 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 불투수율이 높은 지역을 우선 선별하여 저영향개발(LID, Low Impact Development) 및 그린빗물인프라(GSI, Green Stormwater Infrastructure)의 활용 방안에 관한 연구가 이루어져야한다. 특히, 불투수율이 높은 상업지역 및 공업지역에 대해서는 연구 결과의 적극적인 활용을 통한 개선이 요구된다.

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Various Characteristics of Hybrid between River Puffer, Takifugu obscurus and Tiger Puffer, T. rubripes, and Their Hybrid Triploid

  • Park, In-Seok;Lim, Sung Young;Lee, Tae Ho;Gil, Hyun Woo;Yoo, Gwang Yeol
    • 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.181-191
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    • 2017
  • A comparison of the growth, hematological values, fatty acids, and gonadal and growth hormonal changes of river puffer, Takifugu obscurus, tiger puffer, T. rubripes, their hybrids (river puffer ${\times}$ tiger puffer) and hybrid triploids was performed during 3 months of their early growth period. Several features were observed during these 3 months: hybrids showed the highest levels of specific growth rate, 1.48%; hybrid triploids showed the smallest change in viscera fat (P<0.05), but GSI was not significantly different among groups (P>0.05). Considering hematological parameters, hybrid triploids had increased mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P<0.05), but other parameters were not significantly different between groups (P>0.05). With respect to fatty acids, puffer fish, hybrids and hybrid triploids contained fatty acids such as SFAs, MUFAs, n-3 PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs. There were significantly different amounts of total fatty acids between groups (P<0.05), however, rates of changes in fatty acids did not differ significantly between groups (P>0.05). Gonadal hormone (estradiol and testosterone) changes in the river puffer and tiger puffer were significantly higher than that observed in hybrids and hybrid triploids. The hybrids and tiger puffers had higher amounts of growth hormone (thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroxine) than the hybrid triploids and river puffers (P<0.05).