• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.11-28
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• 2024

Objectives : GunRyeong-Tang(GRT) is a traditional herbal prescription that combines Oryeongsan and Sagunja-tang. This study employed network analysis methods on the components of GRT and target genes related to diabetes complications to predict the improvement effects of GRT on diabetes complications. Methods : The collection of active compounds of GRT and related target genes involved the utilization of public databases and the PubChem database. We selected diabetes complication-related genes using GeneCards and confirmed their correlation through comparative analysis with the target genes of GRT. We constructed a network using Cytoscape 3.9.1 and conducted topological analysis. To predict the mechanism, we performed functional enrichment analysis based on Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Results : Through network analysis, 234 active compounds and 1361 related genes were collected from GRT. A total of 9,136 genes related to diabetes complications were collected, and 1,039 target genes overlapping with the components of GRT were identified. The core genes of this network were TP53, INS, AKT1, ALB, and EGFR. In addition, GRT significantly reduced the H9c2 cell size and the expression of myocardial hypertrophy biomarkers (ANP, BNP), which were increased by high glucose (HG). Conclusions : Through this study, we were able to predict the activity and mechanism of action of GRT on diabetes and diabetic complications, and confirmed the potential of GRT as a treatment for diabetes complications through the effect of GRT on improving myocardial hypertrophy for diabetic cardiomyopathy.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.22-33
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• 2005

폐타이어 분말(GRT)을 재활용하기 위하여 sheet type 4그룹과 soft type 1그룹의 자체보수성 방수재를 제조하였다. 각각 방수재의 방수특성을 고찰하기 위하여 방수재들의 물성을 측정하였다. 방수재는 GRT/ 고흡수성수지/ binder로 구성되었으며, internal mixer로 혼합한 후 hot press로 성형하여 제조 되었다. 방수재 제조에 사용된 CRT의 평균입도는 -40mesh 이었고, 고흡수성 수지는 상용품과 poly(AM-SAS-AA)를 제조하여 사용하였고, binder는 PU, EVA, LDPE, SBR, poly(2-EHA)을 사용하였다. 또한 방수재의 물성을 향상시키기 위하여 보강재로 PU film을 사용하였다. 폐타이어 분말을 이용하여 개발된 sheet type 자체보수성 방수재 중 GRT/ CE-500F/EV-600/PU film 과 GRT/GE-500F/SBR(vulcanization)/PU film 로 구성된 방수재가 기존 상용제품의 물성에 근접하였다. 또한 soft type 방수재는 GRT/GE-500F/Poly(2-EHA)와 GRT/P(AM-SAS-AA)/Poly(2-EHA)로 구성된 방수재가 상용제품의 흡수능보다 4-20배의 개선된 결과를 나타내었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.236-239
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• 2001

In this study, the compound materials of GRT/plastics (HDPE, LLDPE, LDPE, PP and PS) were developed. Their tensile strength, strain at yield and flexural modulus according to the change in CRT content were measured. And, the physical properties of the compound materials that the GRT content was changed in the waste vinyl HDPE and pure HDPE were measured, compared and analyzed. If tile GRT is added to PE plastics, the physical properties were superior to those of PP and PS, and in the case of HDPE, the waste vinyl HDPE had superior physical properties by the GRT content to the pure HDPE.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.679-686
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• 2008

There has been an increasing demand of introducing innovative public transport modes meriting high flexibilities of a bus mode along with on-time accuracy and quality environment-friendliness of a rail mode, as it is considered to significantly contribute to reducing huge social expenditures on the traffic congestion and environmental pollution agenda, and to be an alternative solution to better the urban transport problems. In order to comply with the need, Seoul Municipal Government has recently decided to build up GRT system of a new concept in Nangok area in Seoul, the first in its kind in Korea. The concession has been awarded to Seoul Metro. This thesis will study and benchmark similar systems abroad under operation, and further review necessary requirements overall which would secure full readiness for the operation of Nangok GRT system.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.57.1-57.1
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• 2021

K-SIM (KASI-Simulation) research project is dedicated to develop new numerical techniques in order to theoretically study galaxy formation and evolution. As the first step of the K-SIM, to model tidal stripping of galaxies with a very high resolution in a fully cosmological context, we invented the Galaxy Replacement Technique (GRT) that is very efficient and fast. The high resolution allows us to accurately resolve the tidal stripping process and well describe the formation of ultra-low surface brightness features in the galaxy cluster (㎶ < 32 mag/arcsec^2), such as the intra-cluster light, shells and tidal streams. I'll introduce how the GRT is designed and which science topics in low-surface brightness regime can be visited using the GRT.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2008

포장도로의 소성변형을 줄여보고자 개질아스팔트가 나타나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 타이어 고무 등을 이용하여 개질된 아스팔트의 물성을 알아 보았다. 마샬안정도와 인장강도가 각각 98% 및 43% 증가하여 타이어 고무의 개질효과를 알 수 있었다. 점도, 침입 및 열 분석에서 아스팔트의 변형저항성이 향상되었음을 알 수 있었다. IR 및 GPC 실험에서 개질제의 구조가 아스팔트의 구조와 유사할 경우 두 화합물 사이에 화학결합이 발생하여 분자들의 크기가 증가함으로써 개질효과가 커짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.29.2-29.2
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• 2021

Intracluster light (ICL) is composed of the stars diffused throughout the galaxy cluster but does not bound to any galaxy. The ICL is a ubiquitous feature of galaxy clusters and occupies a significant fraction of the total stellar mass in the cluster. Therefore, the ICL components are believed to help understand the formation and evolution of the clusters. However, in the numerical study, one needs to perform the high-resolution cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, which require an expensive calculation, to trace these low-surface brightness structures (LSB). Here, we introduce the Galaxy Replacement Technique (GRT) that focuses on implementing the gravitational evolution of the diffused ICL structures without the expensive baryonic physics. The GRT reproduces the ICL structures by a multi-resolution cosmological N-body re-simulation using a full merger tree of the cluster from a low-resolution DM-only cosmological simulation and an abundance matching model. Using the GRT, we show the preliminary results about the evolution of the ICL in the on-going simulations for the various clusters.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.815-824
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• 2011

In this study, a non-thermal plasma system was employed to simultaneously remove odorous compounds and organic sludge. The system consisted of two reactors; the first one was the non-thermal plasma reactor where ozone was produced by the plasma reaction and the ozone oxidized hydrogen sulfide, the model odorous compound, and then the ozone-laden gas stream was introduced to the second reactor where wasted sludge was disintegrated and solubilized by ozone oxidation. In this study, the gas retention time (GRT) and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) were changed in the two-reactor system, and the effects of GRT and HRT on reduction efficiencies of odor and sludge were determined. As the GRT increased, the ozone concentration increased resulting in an increasing efficiency of hydrogen sulfide removal. However, the overall ozone loading rate to the second sludge reactor was the same at any GRT, which resulted in an insignificant change in sludge reduction rate. When HRTs in the sludge reactor were 1, 2, 4 hours, the sludge reduction rates were approximately 30% during the four-hour operation, while the rate increased to 70% at the HRT of 6 hours. Nevertheless, at HRTs greater than 4 hours, the solubilization efficiency was not proportionally increased with increasing specific input energy, indicating that an appropriate sludge retention time needs to be applied to achieve effective solubilization efficiencies at a minimal power consumption for the non-thermal plasma reaction.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.211-224
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• 2002

Background and Objective : In order to investigate the effects of Gilgyunglwedok-tang (GRT) on antitumor activity and antimetastatic activity, studies were done experimentally. Materials and Methods : Experimental studies were perfonned for the cytotoxic effect on BALB/c mouse lung fibroblast cells, the proliferating effect of splenic lymphocyte, the expression of CD3e/CD4, CD3e/CD8, and B220 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the cytotoxic effect on A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, MCF-7 cells, the inhibitory effect on the activity of DNA topoisomerase I, the T/C% in ICR mice bearing S-180, the inhibitory effect of Cell adhesive of A549 Cells and SK-OY-3 Cells to complex extracellular matrix, the inhibitory effect on lung colonies, the change of lung tissue, the antiangiogenic activity, and the effect on MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression in the RT1080 cell line. Results and Conclusion : The results were obtained as follows : 1. In the cytotoxic effect on BALB/C mouse lung fibroblast Cell, GHT didn't show the significant cytotoxic effect on BALB/C mouse lung fibroblast cell compared to the control group. 2. In thymidine uptake assay, GHT showed the significant proliferating effect of splenic lymphocyte in proportion to the concentration. 3. In the expression of CD3e/CD4, CD3e/CD8, and B220 in peripheral blood mononuclea cells (PBMCs) of mice, GRT had no significant change to the normal group in CD4. However, GRT showed an increase to the normal group in CD8 and GHT in the only $1\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ category showed an increase to the normal group in B220. 4. In the cytotoxic effect of GRT on A549, SK-OY-3, SK-MEL-2 and MCF-7 cells, there was no significant cytotoxic effect compared to the control group. 5. In the inhibitory effect on the activity of DNA topoisomerase I, GHT in the $10\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ category showed the inhibitory effect on the activity of DNA topoisomerase I in proportion to the concentration. 6. In the T/C% in ICRmice bearing S-180, GHTtreated group showed 123.7% of T/C% compared to the control group. 7. In the inhibitory effect of cell adhesive of A549 Cells and SK-OV-3 Cells to complex extracellular matrix, GRT in the only $100\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ category showed the significant inhibitory effect compared to the control group. 8. In the inhibitory effect on lung colonies, GHT showed the significant inhibitory effect on lung colonies compared to the control group. 9. In the change of lung tissue, GHT showed a significant decrease of lung cancer growth, interalveolar fibrosis and hyaline material compared to the control group. In the development of lymphocyte around lung cancer cells and lung parenchymal, GHT showed the significant inducement efficacy compared to the control group. 10. In CAM assay, the antiangiogenic activity of GHT showed 30%. 11. In the effect on MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression in the RT1080 cell line, GHT had no significant inhibitory effect on MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression compared to the control group. According to the above results, it could be suggested that GHT has an antitumor activity and antimetastatic activity.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2014

목 적 : Flattening filter-free (3F) beam과 flattening filter (2F) beam을 이용한 치료기법에 따른 특성 비교와 환자 측면의 시간적 경제적 유용성을 비교 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : Alderson rando phantom의 전산화단층촬영 영상을 획득하여 가상의 전립선을 설정한 후 세기변조 방사선치료, 용적변조 회전방사선치료 그리고 체부정위적 방사선치료에 3F와 2F beam을 각각 적용하여 총 6개의 전산화치료계획을 수립하였다. 선량률은 3F beam을 이용한 치료기법에 1200 MU/min을 설정하였고, 2F beam의 경우 600 MU/min을 적용하였다. 3F와 2F beam을 이용한 치료기법의 특성 비교를 위하여 총 monitor unit (MU)값을 비교하였고 치료시간의 비교를 위하여 beam on time (BOT)과 gantry rotation time (GRT)을 측정하였으며, 3F와 2F beam에 의한 각 치료기법에서 발생되는 광중성자 측정을 위하여 Surveillance And Measurement (SAM) 940을 사용하였다. 또한, 환자의 총 내원기간과 자기부담금을 계산하였다. 결 과 : 총 MU값은 세기변조 방사선치료에서 3F beam을 이용하였을 때 2F beam을 이용한 경우보다 최대 34.0% 증가하였고 BOT, GRT 그리고 광중성자 측정값은 체부정위적 방사선치료에 3F beam을 적용하였을 때 2F beam보다 각각 최대 39.8, 38.6, 48.1% 감소하였다. 환자의 총 내원기간과 자기부담금은 3F와 2F beam의 이용에 따른 차이는 없었으며, 치료기법 중 체부정위적 방사선치료가 10일과 169,560원으로 가장 적게 나타났다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과, 3F beam의 고 선량률을 이용한 치료기법은 2F beam과 비교하여 총 MU값은 증가하였으나 BOT, GRT 그리고 광중성자 측정값이 모두 감소하였다. 이처럼 3F beam의 고 선량률을 사용하는 치료기법은 intra-fraction setup error 및 2차 방사선 유발암 발생률을 줄이는 효과를 기대할 수 있으나, 동일한 치료기법 내에서 3F와 2F beam 사용에 따른 환자에게 특별한 시간적 경제적인 이점은 없었다.