• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2024

하천 공간의 지표 피복 현황 파악은 하천 관리 및 홍수 재해 예방에 필수적이다. 기존 조사 방법은 전문가에 의한 식생 판독을 통한 식생도 작도 방법이나 식생지수를 활용하는 방법이 활용되어 왔으나, 역동적으로 변화하는 하천 환경을 반영하기에 한계가 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 내성천을 대상으로 위성영상 자료를 활용한 랜덤 포레스트 기법을 활용하여 다수 연도의 하천 내 식생 분포를 파악하고, 적용성을 검토하였다. 원격탐사 자료 Sentinel-2 위성 영상을 사용하였으며, 지상 참값(ground truth)은 2016년 내성천 지표 피복 자료를 활용하였다. 랜덤 포레스트 머신러닝 알고리듬을 활용하여 미리 선정된 10개 샘플링 영역으로부터 분류군 별로 1,000개의 표본을 추출하여 훈련 및 검증하였으며, 민감도 분석, 연도별 지표 피복 분석, 정확도 분석을 통하여 적용성을 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 검증 자료 기반의 정확도는 85.1%로 나타났다. 트리 수, 샘플 수, 하천 구역에 대한 민감도 분석 결과, 각각 30개, 800개, 하류에서 효율성이 높았다. 지표 분류 유형은 6개 항목에서 높은 정확도를 보여 지표 피복 분류 결과가 실제 하천 환경을 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 정확도 분석 결과, 전체 샘플 중 14.9%의 경계오류와 내부오류를 확인하였으며, 지표 피복 분류 중 산발 식생과 초본 식생을 제외한 항목들은 높은 정확도를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 단일 하천을 대상으로 적용하였지만, 보다 정확하고 많은 자료의 구축을 위해서는 다수의 하천에 대해 지표 피복 분류 기법의 적용이 요구된다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2007

석탄을 합성석유로 전환시키는 석탄액화(CTL) 공장은 2차 세계대전시 독일 및 영국에서 가동되어 대량의 연료를 공급한 바 있다. 전후 대형 유전이 발견되어 값싼 석유가 공급되면서 CTL 공장의 운전은 중단되었다. 남아프리카공화국의 Sasol사만이 유일하게 1955년에 CTL공장의 조업을 시작하여 현재 하루 15만배럴의 석탄합성석유를 생산하고 있다. 최근 고유가가 지속되고 석유공급에 대한 불안감 때문에 여러 개의 석탄액화 프로젝트가 진행되고 있다. 중국은 2030년까지 석탄함성석유를 연간 3천만톤 (60만배럴/일) 생산할 계획을 수립하였고, 2만배럴/일 규모의 석탄직접액화공장이 2008년 완공될 예정이다. 미국에서도 8개의 CTL 프로젝트가 진행되고 있다. 호주, 필리핀, 인도네시아, 인도 등에서도 석탄액화 프로젝트를 추진하고 있다. 석유를 전량 수업하는 우리나라도 에너지안보 차원에서 CTL에 대한 접근이 필요하다. 본고에서는 석탄액화공정의 역사, 현황 및 최근 동향 그리고 향후 전망에 대하여 기술하였다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.18-37
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• 1989

This study was done in order to analyze the factors which influenced the performance level of community health practitioners' task. Interview survey was done during the period from August to October, 1986. Interviewee were 166 CHPs among total of 217 CHPs in Kyonggi province area. Multiple stepwise regression and canonical correlation analysis were used to identify major factors influenced to perform community health practitioners' task. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. General characteristics of CHPs 1) Personal characteristics The average age of CHPs was 37.8 years and their marital status was $77.6\%$ of married, educational back-ground was $65.3\%$ of junior college graduation. Their job career was $38.6\%$ of between 1-3 years, $33.3\%$ of between 3-5 years, $22.2\%$ of less than 1 years. Most of CHPs$(62.8\%)$ were fully satisfied with their job, $33.3\%$ were moderately, and $3.8\%$ were not satisfied. 2) Working environmental condition Only $31.7%$ of CHPs were satisfied with their working condition of primary health post, $26.6\%$ were not satisfied. Half of CHPs$(52.5\%)$ replied having good cooperation with health center, $10.1\%$ replied bad. Cooperation with health subcenter was good in $32.9\%$, and bad in $21.9%$. Cooperation with private health institutions was good in $34.2\%$, bad in $21.6%$. 2. Performance level of community health practitioners' task Among a total of 52 contents of their functions medical history taking. physical examination, referral of diagnostic laboratory work-up($(86.4\%)$, health assessment of pregnant women$(82.1\%)$, development of health information system$(79.4\%)$, supervision of health workers $(78.4\%)$, follow-up of family planning acceptors$(77.3\%)$, and follow-up of family planning acceptors' side effects$(77.3\%)$ were actively performed. Diagnosis of pregnancy$(62.1\%)$, sampling of drinking water for quality test$(52.5\%)$, making list of equipment' & supplies $(51.5\%)$, evaluation of primary health post activities $(37.6\%)$, organization of village health workers$(32.4\%)$ and management of village health workers $(30.1\%)$ were poorly performed. 3. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of job function The factors which influenced the performance level of community health practitioners' function were age, marital status, educational level, job career, job satisfaction, satisfaction of working environment of primary health post, cooperation of health center, cooperation of health center, cooperation of private health instiutions in orders. These 9 variables were able to explain job function from $25.7\%$ of program planning to $6.7\%$ of management of common disease. 4. Canonical correlation analysis between the performance of function and general characteristics of CHPs. Cooperation of private health institutions was found to be the factor influencing task performance of community organization, management of primary health post, technical supervision of health personnels. Job satisfaction of CHPs was also found to be the factor influencing task performance of family planning, management of common disease and maintenance of health information system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1977

In order to find out health problems among inhabitants in slum areas in Kwanak-Ku, Seoul, a series of health survey was conducted upon 510 households by interview from March to December, 1976. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Employments of householders were unstable; Out of 508 householders, 164(32.3%) were unemployed and 184 (36.2%) were daily or temporary employees. 2. Average number of households per house was 2.0 and average area of residential room per person was $4.0m^2$. 3. 476(93.3%) out of 510 households were supplied with tap water and rest of them made use of ground water as a source of drinking water. 4. Only 279(18.3%) out of 1527 live births were delivered at medical facilities, 496(32.7%) were at home attended by doctors or midwives and 358(25.1%) took prenatal care. The above findings were worse in urban slum area than in other urban area of relatively high economic level, but were better than in rural area of less medical facilities. 5. Initiation of treatment were delayed until their illnesses were advanced in most of the households, 472(92.5%) out 510. In the early stage of the illness, 131(25.6%) of the house-holds sought physicians in their clinics or general hospitals and 250 (40.9%) visited chemists, to toy drugs at first hand. Frequency of visits to physician increased to 52.8% as the disease aggravated in later stages. 6. Cost of medical expenditure per household amounted to 815 won, and was paid to, in the order of chemists, physicians, chinese herb stores, chinese herb doctors. 7. Concerning the health knowledge of the inhabitants, 273(53.9%) out of 506 respondents were aware of the infectivity of pulmonary tuberculosis, and 68(13.4%) of them checked regularly their chest findings by X-ray at least once every two years. 8. As for the family planning, although 448(87.3%) out of 510 respondents were in favor of it, 215 (41.8%) of them were actually practicing contraception. 9. About 40.6% (125 respondents) of them obtained information and knowledge concerning contraception through personal contact with family planning workers. 10. Nutritional status of housewives was generally poor: 49(38.3%) out of 128 housewives were found to be anemic and average serum protein level was $7.5{\pm}0.82g/dl$.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2000

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) winter annual is very effective on reducing chemical nitrogen fertilizer for subsequent com by fixed organic green manure nitrogen fixed during hairy vetch growth. In this experiment, hairy vetch produced above-ground dry matter of 5 ton/ha, nitrogen yield 200 kgN/ha, at com planting on the average during 1997 and 1998. Changes in com yield and nitrogen uptake for two years were investigated after application of nitrogen fertilizer 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kgN/ha on plot of winter fallow and hairy vetch green manure, respectively. Nitrogen status such as ear-leaf N%, SPAD value at silk and dough stage, and com yield decreased in proportion to reduction of nitrogen fertilizer at winter fallow, but nitrogen status and yield of com were not different among nitrogen fertilizer rate at hairy vetch green manure. Com yield (total dry matter) at 0 kgN/ha plot of hairy vetch was 22, 20 ton/ha in 1997, 1998, respectively and com could produce more dry matter 9, 13 ton/ha by hairy vetch green manure compared with winter fallow under the condition of no nitrogen fertilizer in 1997, 1998, respectively. Com yield (total dry matter) at 60kgN/ha of hairy vetch green manure was higher than that of high N fertilizer rate such as 180, 240 kgN/ha of winter fallow. Nitrogen uptake of com at plot of hairy vetch-no nitrogen fertilizer slightly decreased than at plot of hairy vetch - nitrogen fertilizer, but com absorbed more nitrogen of 141, 159 kgN/ha by hairy vetch green manure compared with winter fallow under no nitrogen fertilizer condition in 1997, 1998, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer reduction for com by hairy vetch green manure was 149, 161kgN/ha in 1997, 1998, respectively. Still more, com could absorb more soil nitrogen by nitrogen fertilizer 60kgN/ha of hairy vetch green manure than by high nitrogen fertilizer such as 180, 240 kgN/ha at winter fallow. It is concluded that nitrogen fertilizer for corn could be reduced by winter cultivation and soil incorporation of hairy vetch at com planting.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2011

The recent global warming may be estimated to give lots of impacts to the human society and biosphere of influencing climate change included by the natural climate variations through the human activity which can directly and/or indirectly play a major role of total atmospheric composition overall. Therefore it currently appears evidences such as hot wave, typhoon, and biosphere disturbance, etc. over the several regions to be influenced by global warming due to increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere through inducing forest destruction, fossil fuel combustion, greenhouse gases emission, etc. since industrial revolution era. Through the working group report of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) for climate change was analyzed by the individual country's current status and figure out the important issues and problems related to the future trend of climate change science with advanced countries preparedness and research, In this study, the first working group report of IPCC focuses on those aspects of the current understanding of the physical science of climate change that are judged to be most relevant to policymakers. As this report was assessed and analyzed by including the progress of climate change science, the role of climate models and evolution in the treatment of uncertainties. This consists of the changes in atmospheric constituents(both aerosols and gases) that affect the radiative energy balance in the atmosphere and determine the Earth's climate, considering the interaction between biogeochemical cycles that affect atmospheric constituents and climate change, including aerosol/cloud interactions, the extensive range of observations snow available for the atmosphere and surface, for snow, ice, and frozen ground and for the oceans, respectively and changes in sea level, the paleoclimate perspective and assessment of evidence for past climate change and the extension, the ways in which physical processes are simulated in climate models and the evaluation of models against observed climate, the development plans and methods of improving expert and building manpower urgently and R&D fund expansion in detail for climate change science in Korea will be proposed.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2015

Indicators of environmental conditions qualitatively and quantitatively describe the state of the environment and natural resources, and the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has initiated and suggested AEIs (Agri-Environmental Indicators) to assess trends over time of the effects of agriculture on the environment and the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural and environmental policy measures since 1990's. This study aims to develop the state indicators of water quality for agricultural water, surface and groundwater, to evaluate the environmental impacts of agricultural activities and policies by qualifying the environmental levels of a nation. Status indicators were calculated according to the agricultural water quality standards of OECD and Korea, and their trends were analyzed over time. Particularly, nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) status indicators of ground water in 2013 were significantly lower than the ones in 2000. Overall, the water quality indicators of surface water in 2013 were higher than the ones in 2012, except for pH and DO. The groundwater quality indicators in 2013 were lower than those of previous years. The optimal management indicators were calculated to assess agricultural surface water and groundwater quality. The findings of this study indicated that the state indicators could play a significant role to establish policies and procedures for managing and conserving water resources. This study also discussed water pollution caused by agricultural and industrial effluents.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

연구목적 : 본 연구는 경상남북도의 국가지정 중요목조문화재 주변 환경에 따라 방재특성이 어떻게 다른지를 파악하고 이를 바탕으로 문화재 주변 환경에 맞는 목조문화재 방재대책을 검토하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 연구를 위해 경상남도와 경상북도에 있는 문화재 지정 현황 및 특성을 파악하고 재난이력을 통하여 경상남도 및 경상북도에 있는 문화재의 피해 현황을 검토하였다. 또한 경상남도와 경상북도에 있는 국가지정 중요목조문화재 58개소를 대상으로 주변 환경에 따라 산악, 농촌, 도시지역으로 나누어 방재특성을 분석하였다. 연구결과 : 도시지역에 위치한 문화재는 안전경비인력의 배치가 적절했고 방재훈련이 잘 이루어지고 있었으며 진입여건은 신속하게 진입할 수 있었다. 농촌지역은 방염사업이 잘 실시되어 있었고 평탄한 곳에 위치한 문화재가 많았다. 산악지역은 진입여건이 타 지역에 좋지 않았으며 과거 재난 발생이력도 가장 많았다. 결론 :첫째, 도시지역의 목조문화재 경우 초기 대응을 위한 자위소방대 배치인력 확보 및 방재교육을 강화해야 한다. 둘째, 농촌지역의 목조문화재 경우 문화재 보호를 위한 방충사업, 방재보험 등의 예방사업을 실시해야 한다. 셋째, 산악지역의 목조문화재 경우 자체적인 대응역량을 강화하기 위한 방안을 마련해야 한다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.265-288
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• 2020

본 연구는 강원도 내 소재된 공공체육시설 안전관리 실태를 분석하여 도민들이 안전하게 이용할 수 있는 정책방향을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중앙 정부와 강원도 차원의 체육시설 안전관리 정책동향, 강원도 체육시설 안전관리 실태분석 등을 종합적으로 검토해 보았다. 강원도 체육시설 안전관리 정책방향에서는 강원도 체육시설 안전관리 실태분석에서 도출된 시사점을 토대로 다음과 같은 정책추진 방향을 제안하였다. 첫째, 지역에서 설립한 개발 및 도시 공사, 대학, 협동조합 등을 활용한 전문기관 지정 운영, 체육시설 관련 안전관리사 운용요원 양성 및 육성 등을 제안하였다. 둘째, 강원도 차원의 체육시설 안전관리 우수시설 지정 및 표창, 안전하고 대응 사례 발표회 개최, 스포츠안전체험한마당 개최, 스포츠안전교실 운영, 홍보만화 제작 등의 체육시설 안전문화 진흥 기반 조성을 제안하였다. 셋째, 타 시·도에 비해 많은 레저스포츠시설에 대한 안전관리 체계 기반을 마련할 것을 제안하였다. 넷째, 강원도 지역여건에 부합하는 체육시설 안전관리 지원조례 제정 등 제도적 기반 마련 및 강원도형 체육시설 안전관리 기본계획을 수립할 것을 제안하였다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.18-30
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• 2023

연구목적: 본 연구는 서울시 철도터널 건설공사의 공사계측비 분석 및 개선방안을 도출하여 건설계측의 신뢰향상으로 계측기술 발전에 기여한다. 연구방법:공사계측비의 설계 및 계약 현황, 공사계측비의 적용 현황 및 분석, 안전관리비와 품질관리비 분석, 이를 개선하기 위해 계측관리용역에 대한 대가 산정기준 적용 확대와 발주처에서 직접 발주하는 방안을 제시한다. 연구결과: 그동안 건설공사에 포함하여 발주하던 계측관리용역을 입찰참가자격 사전심사를 통하여 발주처에서 계측업체를 직접 선정하여 계측을 수행하면 계측 품질을 높이고 정확한 계측데이터 확보가 가능하다. 결론:계측관리용역에 대한 대가 산정기준은 시공사에서 하도급으로 수행하게 되는 순공사비 내에 포함하는 방식이 아닌 발주처 직접 발주로 엔지니어링진흥법에 따른 실비정액가산방식과 지반조사 표준품셈의 계측관리비 산출기준의 적용을 확대해야 한다.