• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제9권3_4호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1966

The investigation on the grassland type was conducted by the data in the previous these (Park 1963, '64, '65, '66). The results obtained are as follows; 1) I defined that the relationship between the valves of DS and the main species of the grass in Korea(Table Ⅰ) Grassland Stage ; Waste type………6 community-types Short grass type………3 community-types Pteridium type………1 community-types Tall grass type………4 community-types Sasamorpha type………1 community-types Shrubby Stage; Lespedeza type Pioneer tree type………6 species Forest Stage; Deciduous broad leave tree type………6 species Evergreen broad leaved tree type………3 species Evergreen needle leaved tree type………7 species 2) I defined; that the relationship between the valves of DS and the grassland type in Korea(Table 2). Of grassnland type, the range of valves of DS, 50-220 belongs to waste type; 130-310 short grass type; 230-640 tall grass type; 210-450 pteridium type; 510-970 sasamorpha type; 730-1450 shrubby type; 3) I decided; The succession stage centering on the Sasamorpha purpuracens in Korea(Table 3). 4) I decided the climate type and the grassland succession in Korea(Table 4).

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2002년도 심포지엄
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• pp.31-36
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of turf grass growth to seedling rates and bed soil types. The results of this experiment were summarized as follows; the more increasing the seedling rates, the plant height and leaf length were longer, but the number of leaf and number of branch were fewer. In case of transplanting of turf grass seedling by rice transplanting machine, it might be considered that the proper alternative bed soil was sandy loam soil with regarding to the economic aspects. The maximum seedling rate of turf grass in the seedling tray for rice was 1,000 of seedling amount due to the nutrient competition with intensive seedling. As the results indicated, it might be recommended that the proper alternative bed soil was sandy loam soil with 1,000 of seedling rates in case of transplanting of turf grass seedling by rice transplanting machine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.637-642
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to determine RDP values of locally available feedstuffs that are commonly used in ruminant rations in Bangladesh. Four cattle were fistulated in the rumen for the in situ nylon bag studies. Seventeen different feedstuff sample (9 roughages and 8 concentrates) were evaluated in $4{\times}14cm$ nylon bags and incubated in the rumen for different periods of time (2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h). The variation in crude protein (CP) contents reflected on the average CP disappearance value throughout the rumen incubation. Soluble fraction (a), insoluble but degradable fraction (b) along with the rate of degradation also varied widely among the various feedstuffs. Under 2% of rumen outflow rate, the percentages of the calculated protein degradabilities of roughages were rice straw, 16.7; maize grass, 70.6; oat grass, 70.8; dhal grass, 71.1; sunhemp, 78.4; napier grass, 62.4; matikalai grass, 72.1; khesarikalai grass, 76.9 and daincha browse, 78.4, respectively. The results in the protein degradabilities (%) in 8% ruminal outflow rate of concentrates were wheat bran, 61.6; rice polish (red), 61.3; rice polish (auto), 30.9; mustard oil cake, 71.8; sesame oil cake, 74.2; coconut oil cake, 57.9; soybean meal, 49.2 and fish meal, 37.9, respectively.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1611-1611
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• 2001

The main selection parameters used by forage grass (rye and Italian rye grass) breeders are dry-matter yield, seasonal growth, persistency, disease resistance, heading date, and heading. These characteristics can all be identified usually in the segregating F2 population, however characteristics such as soluble carbohydrate level, protein, lipid and digestibility cannot be identified. The emphasis of this work is to introduce a quantitative selection process for characterization of herbage quality e.g. protein, water-soluble carbohydrates, fiber fractions, dry matter digestibility. NIRS calibrations are currently being developed for identifying grass genotypes to assist the selection process, thereby allowing the opportunity to actively breed improved herbage quality. The changes in fibre fractions, associated components and digestibility of a number of grass clones at different growth stages are being assessed changes taking place during a growing season. This will provide a database of the major changes taking place during a growing season. Attempts to classify quality differences between genotypes will be carried out using multivariate analysis of the spectral data. I addition changes associated with maturity of grass will be considered in order to develop robust calibrations.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 1999

In search of a method to achieve sustainable agricultural practices, a trickling filter was employed for the piggery wastewater treatment, where rice straw was the support medium in place of more commonly used materials. The filtrate from the trickling filter were applied to a soil, on which orchard grass (Dactylic glomerata L.) was grown followed by amendment of the treated straw medium. Orchard grass was cut twice, and growth parameters and yields were measured. Soil chemical properties before and after harvesting orchard grass were analyzed. Development of the forage crop was greatly enhanced by the application of the filtrate in terms of fresh weight, dry weight, and the absorption of nutrients. Better growth and higher nutrient uptake were found in the second cutting of the orchard grass. Organic matter content, ionic intensity, exchangeable cations, and phosphate of the soil increased with the application of the filtrate. The relative high concentrations of salts in the piggery trickling filtrate, expressed in electrical conductivity and content of sodium, exerted no detrimental effect on the crop and soil.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1992

Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) harvested at an early growth stage was ensiled with 4% of molasses in a polyethylene bag silo which contained 15 kg of chopped forage each. Dry matter (DM) content of the silage was so low as 14.75%, although chemical quality of the silage was very high. Ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen was 6.59%, and the pH value of the silage was 3.79. Nutritive value of the silage was estimated using goats and compared to that of a timothy hay as a reference ration. Feeding level of each rations was adjusted to a level of nitrogen (N) recommendation. DM and N digestibilities of the silage were 65.0 and 54.5%, respectively, but those of the timothy hay were 37.6 and 37.2%. Feeding of the napier grass silage maintained body weight and kept positive N retention. Ammonia N concentration in the rumen fluid in goats fed the napier grass silage increased after feeding, but blood urea concentration was constant. Feeding of the timothy hay did not increase ammonia N concentration in the rumen fluid, but increased blood urea concentration. These facts indicated that the napier grass silage had enough digestible DM and N for maintenance ration to goats.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2021

본 연구는 새로운 종자형 잔디 개발을 위한 유전자원의 분석을 통해 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 우리나라에 자생하고 있는 조이시아그래스종 잔디는 주로 포복경이나 지하경을 통해 번식하며, 자연적으로 발아가 잘 되지 않아 종자형 육종을 잘 이루어지지 않고 있었다. 하지만 종피 처리 기술이 개발된 이후, 종자형 잔디 개발이 이루어지고 있다. 종자형 잔디를 개발하기 위해 확보하고 있는 잔디 유전자원에서 꽃대 형성률을 확인할 필요성이 생겼으며, 이 실험에서 549개 라인을 확인해 본 결과, 43개 라인, 즉 7.83%의 라인에서만 꽃대가 출현한 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 상관분석을 실시 해 본 결과, 이식 후 생존률과 포복경 생성률은 유의하게 양의 상관관계(Rho = 0.44)를 보였고, 이러한 경향은 20% 이상 꽃대를 형성한 것으로 나타난 라인에서 상관관계가 더 높은 경향(Rho = 0.55)을 보였다. 하지만 이식 후 생존률과 포복경 생성률은 꽃대 출현과 상관관계가 매우 낮은 것으로 확인할 수 있었고(Rho = -0.11 and Rho = -0.06), 20% 이상의 꽃대 출현을 보인 43개 라인에서는 유의한 결과를 얻지 못하였다. 따라서 종자형 잔디 개발을 위해서는 이식 후 꽃대 출현률이 저조한 것을 감안, 더욱 많은 유전자원을 확보하는 것이 필요하며, 꽃대 출현이 늦게 나타나는 것을 고려하여 이것과 상관관계가 초기 확인 가능한 특질을 찾아, 꽃대 출현을 조기에 예측할 수 있는 기법이 요구된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2015

This study was aimed to estimate the total application cost and utilization of Turf grass VFS application through the field experiment. The experimental plots were constructed in an upland field of Iksan city within the Saemangeum watershed. Turf grass was transplanted at the down-slope edge of the pollution source area in each of the treated plots. Three rainfall events were monitored during the experiment period, and the rainfall-runoff relationships and NPS pollution reduction effects of the VFS systems were assessed. As results, the reduction ratio of runoff volume ranged 14.1~64.0 %, while the NPS pollution reduction ratio ranged 9.8~73.9 % for SS, 24.0~84.2 % for T-N, 31.6~80.9 % for T-P respectively. The total cost of VFS application was estimated by considering purchase cost of Turf grass sods and construction and maintenance costs of VFS system as well as the loss caused by giving up crop cultivation for the area needed to construct the VFS. The total cost of the VFS was estimated to be approximately \3,379,000/ha/year for the first year of application, and this cost could be decreased to \1,899,000/ha/year from the second year as the construction cost of VFS could no longer need to be counted afterwards. Apart from the NPS pollution reduction effects, the possible utilization of VFS was examined by detaching Turf grass within 40 % of VFS area for sale during spring time when the VFS systems fully covered. The benefit of selling the detached Turf grass sods was estimated as \1,260,000/ha/year, and also found that the VFS area successfully recovered by the time of the summer period. This benefit could attract farmers to adopt the VFS technique to manage agricultural NPS pollution.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1435-1440
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• 2008

An experiment was carried out to investigate whether a local breed of cattle is better adapted than European breed crosses to low quality feeds and to variations in their supply. Four Red Chittagong (RC) and four Holstein cross Sahiwal (Hx) cattle were used to compare the intake and digestibility of German grass (Echinocloa crusgalli) and rice straw with four regimes of feed supply. These were; a choice of German grass and rice straw each offered ad libitum on the same day (A); German grass and rice straw offered ad libitum on alternate days (B); rice straw offered ad libitum for 5 days followed by German grass ad libitum for 5 days (C); and German grass offered ad libitum for 5 days followed by rice straw ad libitum for 5 days (D). Each breed was offered the treatments in a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design. The German grass intake and total dry matter intake per kg metabolic live weight were significantly higher for the Hx than for RC, but there were no significant effects of genotype on digestibility of nutrients or live weight. Treatment A had the highest proportion of German grass relative to rice straw in the total DM intake, and had the highest total DM intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients compared with treatments B, C and D. It was concluded that there was no significant evidence that the RG cattle were better adapted to a variable supply of low quality feed than Hx cattle, and that the variable feed supply reduced the ability of cattle to select a preferred diet and consequently nutrient intake was depressed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2000

In order to clarify the inhibitory effects of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) lipids on ruminal fermentation and digestion, two experiments were carried out in vitro. Experiment 1 was carried out using residues of grass hay from which the lipid fraction was removed by ether extraction. To ground grass samples were added 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0% lipids and incubated anaerobically at $39^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, with the mixtures of artificial saliva and rumen fluid. Increasing grass lipid levels remarkably reduced DM and NDF disappearances. Volatile fatty acid concentration was significantly reduced at 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0% lipid levels. Microbial nitrogen proportion to total nitrogen tended to decrease by the addition of the lipids. These results indicated that grass lipids have a marked inhibitory effect on ruminal fermentation and digestion, especially when to the substrate was added 3% or more grass lipids as ether extracts. Experiment 2 was conducted to study the relationship between changes in the free fatty acids and changes in the fermentation traits. Samples were incubated for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 h as a sole substrate. The polyunsaturated fatty acids steadily decreased during incubation, whereas the saturated fatty acid ($C_{18:0}$) increased. It was suggested that the hydrogenation was extended during the initial stage of incubation. The unsaturated fatty acids ($C_{18:2}$, $C_{18:3}$) produced at the initial stage of incubation were negatively correlated with the amount of microbial N and DM disappearance, indicating that polyunsaturated fatty acids had the possibility to show an inhibiting effect on ruminal fermentation and digestion.