• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2024

Objective : This study assessed ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence system based on a large language model, for its ability to pass the National Korean Occupational Therapy Licensure Examination (NKOTLE). Methods : Using NKOTLE questions from 2018 to 2022, provided by the Korea Health and Medical Personnel Examination Institute, this study employed English prompts to determine the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing correct answers. Two researchers independently conducted the entire process, and the average accuracy of both researchers was used to determine whether ChatGPT passed over the 5-year period. The degree of agreement between ChatGPT answers of the two researchers was assessed. Results : ChatGPT passed the 2020 examination but failed to pass the other 4 years' examination. Specifically, its accuracy in questions related to medical regulations ranged from 25% to 57%, whereas its accuracy in other questions exceeded 60%. ChatGPT exhibited a strong agreement between researchers, except for medical regulation questions, and this agreement was significantly correlated with accuracy. Conclusion : There are still limitations to the application of ChatGPT to answer questions influenced by language or culture. Future studies should explore its potential as an educational tool for students majoring in occupational therapy through optimized prompts and continuous learning from the data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.381-383
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• 2022

최근 자연어처리 분야에서는 Bert, GPT 등 Transformer기반의 언어모델 연구가 활발히 이뤄지고 있다. 이러한 언어모델은 대용량의 말뭉치 데이터와 많은 파라미터를 이용하여 사전학습을 진행하여 다양한 자연어처리 테스트에서 높은 성능을 보여주고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 Transformer기반의 언어모델인 Bert와 GPT-2의 성능평가를 진행한다. 성능평가는 '네이버 영화 리뷰' 데이터 셋을 통해 긍정 부정의 정확도와 학습시간을 측정한다. 측정결과 정확도에서는 GPT-2가 Bert보다 최소 4.16%에서 최대 5.32% 높은 정확도를 나타내었지만 학습시간에서는 Bert가 GPT-2보다 최소 104초에서 116초 빠르게 나타났다. 향후 성능 비교는 더 많은 데이터와 다양한 조건을 통해 구체적인 성능 비교가 필요하다.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.685-695
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• 2009

Objectives : In this study, the author tried to investigate whether Geonpye-tang(GPT) significantly affects PMA-, EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells. Materials and Methods : Effects of the agent on PMA-, EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of GPT and treated with PMA (10ng/ml) or EGF (25ng/ml) or TNF-alpha (0.2nM), to assess both effect of the agent on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Possible cytotoxicity of the agent was assessed by examining the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells after treatment with the agent over 72 hrs (SRB assay). Results : (1) GPT significantly inhibited PMA-induced and EGF-induced MUC5AC mucin production from NCI-H292 cells. However, GPT did not affect TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production. (2) GPT significantly inhibited the expression levels of PMA-, EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC genes in NCI-H292 cells (3) GPT did not show significant cytotoxicity to NCI-H292 cells. Conclusion : This result suggests that GPT can affect the production and gene expression of respiratory mucin observed in diverse respiratory diseases accompanied by mucus hypersecretion. This can explain the traditional use of GPT in oriental medicine. Effects of GPT with their components should be further investigated using animal experimental models that reflect pathophysiology of airway diseases through future studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.183-209
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Dublin Core metadata generated by ChatGPT using book covers, title pages, and colophons from a collection of books. To achieve this, we collected book covers, title pages, and colophons from 90 books and inputted them into ChatGPT to generate Dublin Core metadata. The performance was evaluated in terms of completeness and accuracy. The overall results showed a satisfactory level of completeness at 0.87 and accuracy at 0.71. Among the individual elements, Title, Creator, Publisher, Date, Identifier, Rights, and Language exhibited higher performance. Subject and Description elements showed relatively lower performance in terms of completeness and accuracy, but it confirmed the generation capability known as the inherent strength of ChatGPT. On the other hand, books in the sections of social sciences and technology of DDC showed slightly lower accuracy in the Contributor element. This was attributed to ChatGPT's attribution extraction errors, omissions in the original bibliographic description contents for metadata, and the language composition of the training data used by ChatGPT.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1992

To find out an effective way of treating the toxicity of cadmium, concentrations of $K^+,\;Ca^{2+}$ and c-AMP, and activities of GOT and GPT in blood of rats were determined at definite time intervals after administration of cadmium to rats. Cadmium caused more decrease of $Ca^{2+}$ concentration than $K^+$ concentration but increases of GOT and GPT activities and of c-AMP concentrations. The decreased concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ was not recovered by selenium or metallothionein. However, the increased activities of GOT and GPT, and the c-AMP concentration were down regulated remarkably by selenium but not by metallothionein. These results suggested that selenium might have the compensate effects concerning toxic index against cadmium such as increases of GOT and GPT activities, and of c-AMP concentration.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.38-43
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• 1987

The just molted larvae of the fifth instar were fed on with cadmium trated mulberry leaf and on the third day of the fifth instar the daily change of the total protein, activities of GOT and GPT in larvae haemoymph were sexually analyzed. The result obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The total haemolymph was decreased by cadmium treatment. A decreasing ratio of the total haemolymph protein was higher at the later development stage of the male fifth instar than the female fifth instar. 2. There seemed a slight difference in albumin content of the female blood along with the fifth larvae development between control and cadmium treatment where 7% decrease of blood albumin took place with cadmium treatment comparing to that of cotrol. Contrarily a decrease of blood globulin was made on both sexes. 3. The activities of GOT and GPT were inhibited by cadmium treatment.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.378-384
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• 2023

In this study, we explore social awareness, interest, and acceptance of generative AI, including chatGPT, which has revolutionized web search, 30 years after web search was released. For this purpose, we performed a machine learning-based topic modeling analysis based on Korean news big data collected from November 30, 2022, when chatGPT was released, to August 31, 2023. As a result of our research, we have identified seven topics related to chatGPT and generative AI; (1)growth of the high-performance hardware market, (2)service contents using generative AI, (3)technology development competition, (4)human resource development, (5)instructions for use, (6)revitalizing the domestic ecosystem, (7)expectations and concerns. We also explored monthly frequency changes in topics to explore social interest related to chatGPT and Generative AI. Based on our exploration results, we discussed the high social interest and issues regarding generative AI. We expect that the results of this study can be used as a precursor to research that analyzes and predicts the diffusion of innovation in generative AI.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.109-110
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• 2003

To validate a novel mouse model, gpt delta, for in vivo mutagenesis, the Mammalian Mutagenesis Society (MMS), a subgroup of the Environmental Mutagen Society of Japan (JEMS) (JEMS/MMS), performed a collaborative study as the third trial for transgenic animal assay. In this mouse model, point mutations and deletions re separately identified by gpt (6-thioguanine-resistant) and Spi- (sensitive to P2 interference) selections, respectively.(omitted)

• Journal of Digital Policy
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

This study conducted preliminary study to identify effective ways to use ChatGPT in traffic policing by analyzing ChatGPT's responses to the driver's license test and the road traffic accident appraiser test. I collected ChatGPT responses for the driver's license test item pool and the road traffic accident appraiser test using the OpenAI API with Python code for 30 iterative experiments, and analyzed the percentage of correct answers by test, year, section, and consistency. First, the average correct answer rate for the driver's license test and the for road traffic accident appraisers test was 44.60% and 35.45%, respectively, which was lower than the pass criteria, and the correct answer rate after 2022 was lower than the average correct answer rate. Second, the percentage of correct answers by section ranged from 29.69% to 56.80%, showing a significant difference. Third, it consistently produced the same response more than 95% of the time when the answer was correct. To effectively utilize ChatGPT, it is necessary to have user expertise, evaluation data and analysis methods, design a quality traffic law corpus and periodic learning.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2023

ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence-based conversation agent developed by OpenAI using natural language processing technology. In this study, an empirical study was conducted on incumbent teachers on the intention to use the newly emerged Chat GPT. First, we studied how accuracy, entertainment, system accessibility, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use affect ChatGPT's acceptance intention. In addition, we analyzed whether perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use differ in the intention to accept depending on the digital technology of teachers. As a result of the study, the suitability of the structural equation model was generally good. Accuracy and entertainment were found to have a significant effect on perceived usefulness, and system accessibility was found to have a significant effect on perceived ease of use. In the analysis of teachers' digital technology control effects, it was found that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had a control effect between acceptance intentions. It was found that the group with high digital skills of teachers was strongly intended to accept the service regardless of perceived usefulness and ease of use. In the group with low digital skills of teachers, it is thought that ChatGPT's service shows the acceptance intention only when the perceived usefulness and ease of use are high. Therefore, in the group with low digital technology, it is necessary to seek teaching activities such as the development of instructional models using ChatGPT.