• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.607-613
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• 2004

This study was to investigate the surface properties of electrochemically oxidized Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy by anodic spark discharge technique. Anodizing was performed at current density 30 $mA/cm^2$ up to 300 V in electrolyte solutions containing $DL-{\alpha}$-glycerophosphate disodium salt hydrate($DL-{\alpha}$-GP) and calcium acetate (CA). Hydrothermal treatment was done at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs to produce a thin outermost layer of hydroxyapatite (HA). The bioactivity was evaluated from HA formation on the surfaces in a Hanks' solution with pH 7.4 at $36.5^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The size of micropores and the thickness of oxide film increased and complicated multilayer by increasing the spark forming voltage. Needle-like HA crystals were observed on anodic oxide film after the hydrothermal treatment at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs. When increasing $DL-{\alpha}$-GP in electrolyte composition, the precipitated HA crystals showed the shape of thick and shorter rod. However, when increasing CA, the more fine needle shape HA crystals were appeared. The bioactivity in Hanks' solution was accelerated when the oxide films composed with strong anatase peak with presence of rutile peak. The increase of amount of Ca and P was observed in groups having bioactivity in Hanks' solution. The Ca/P ratio of the precipitated HA layer was equivalent to that of HA crystal and it was closer to 1.67 as increasing the immersion time in Hanks' solution.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 2015

In order to develop an eco-friendly biofertilizer, a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), Bacillus sp., SH1RP8 was investigated. SH1RP8 was lyophilized via freeze-drying along with other protective agents that protect cells from lysis. The freezedried powder of Bacillus sp. SH1RP8, containing 5% skim milk (w/v), exhibited the highest survival rate of 30.6% among all the protective agents (skim milk, glucose, and peptone). The lyoprotective effect of the skim milk, mixture including 5% skim milk, and substrates on the survival of the test strain was examined. Control group was added only skim milk and test groups were added skim milk and other substrates. As a result, the group supplemented with both glycerol and 5% skim milk showed the protective effect much higher by 214.29% than the control group. Freeze-dried Bacillus sp. SH1RP8 could be a good candidate as a potential biofertilizer due to its effective PGPR activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.345-350
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• 2007

Phosphosugars are found in all living organisms and are commercially valuable compounds with possible applications in the development of a wide range of specialty chemicals and medicines. In carbohydrate metabolism, fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) is an essential intermediate formed by phosphorylation of 6' position of fructose in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway and Calvin cycle. In glycolysis, F6P lies within the glycolysis metabolic pathway and is produced by isomerisation of glucose 6-phosphate. For large-scale production, F6P could be produced from starch using many enzymes such as pullulanase, starch phosphorylase, isomerase and mutase. In enzymatic reactions carried out at high temperatures, the solubility of starch is increased and microbial contamination is minimized. Thus, thermophile-derived enzymes are preferred over mesophile-derived enzymes for industrial applications using starch. Recently, we reported the production of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) from starch by Thermus caldophilus GK24 enzymes. Here we report the production of F6P from starch through three steps; from starch to glucose 1-phosphate (glucan phosphorylase, GP), then glucose 6-phosphate (phosphoglucomutase, GM) and then F6P (phosphoglucoisomerase, GI). Using 200 L of 1.2% soluble starch solution in potassium phosphate buffer, 1,253 g of G1P were produced. Then, 30% yields of F6P were attained at the optimum reaction conditions of GM : G1 (1 : 2.3), 63.5$^{\circ}C$, and pH 6.85. The optimum conditions were found by response surface methodology and the theoretical values were confirmed by the experiments. The optimum starch concentrations were 20 g/L under the given conditions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.362-368
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• 2019

For the practical application and development of biopolymer flocculant Biopol32 produced by Pseudomonas sp. GP32, its flocculation effect on wastewater from food processing, slaughter houses, and the dyeing industry was investigated. In the food processing wastewater, Biopol32 led to a chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction rate of 70% and a suspended solid (SS) removal rate of 49% at pH 6.0. In the slaughter house wastewater at pH 4.0, a COD reduction rate of 61% and SS removal rate of 91% were observed, and in the dyeing wastewater, the rates were 72% and 92%, respectively, at pH 5.0. The size of floc formed during the flocculation process was 10 mm at a final concentration of 20 ppm, and the dehydration efficiency was 62%. In both the bioflocculant Biopol32 group and a PAA synthetic flocculant group, optimal flocculant concentration that yielded the best overall dehydration efficiency was 20 ppm, and, at this concentration, the shortest filtration time to reach the natural critical moisture content of 78.1% was attained.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.969-972
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• 2002

The alteration in the pharmacokinetic behaviors of organic cations (OCs) in rats during acute inflammation (AI) was investigated. AI was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg) 24 hr prior to the start of pharmacokinetic studies. Tributylmethylammonium (TBuMA) was selected as a model OC since it is largely excreted into bile, and is neither metabolized nor binds to proteins in the body. When TBuMA was administered intravenously to AI rats at a dose of 6.6 $\mu$mole/kg, the AUC was increased, while biliary excretion (i.e., cumulative amount and apparent clearance) was decreased compared to normal rats. When TBuMA was administered intravenously to AI rats at a constant rate (i.e., a bolus injection at a dose of 1.5 $\mu$mole/kg followed by a constant infusion at a rate of 1.5 $\mu$mole/kg/hr for 165 min), steady-state concentrations of plasma and liver concentrations of TBuMA were increased significantly, while in vivo hepatic uptake (amount) and canalicular excretion (clearance) were decreased. These results are consistent with a hypothesis in which both the sinusoidal uptake of TBuMA into hepatocytes via the OCT1 and the canalicular excretion of the compound from hepatocytes via the P-gp are decreased by LPS-induced AI.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of simulated acid rain (SAR) on growth and antioxidant system in french marigold (Tagetes patula L.). Plants were subjected to four levels of SAR (pH 5.6, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0) in the growth chambers for 2 weeks. SAR decreased both plant height and plant dry weight of french marigold. As the pH levels decreased from 5.6 to 2.0, the content of MDA highly increased linearly. The ratios of dehydroascorbate/ascorbate and oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione were significantly increased with decreasing pH levels. The enzyme (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase etc.) activities of the plant affected by SAR were increased as the pH decreased. Based on the results, SAR caused oxidative stress in french marigold and resulted in significant reduction in plant growth. Biochemical protection responses might be activated to prevent the plant from damaging effects of oxidative stress generated in SAR.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.382-386
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• 2005

To investigate the effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on growth and biochemical defense responses of plant, garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) was subjected to four levels of SAR based on pH (5.6, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0) and placed in the growth chambers for 2 weeks. SAR drastically inhibited both height and dry weight of garden balsam. The content of total carotenoid was tended to decrease, but the level of malondialdehyde was significantly increased by SAR. As the pH levels decreased from 5.6 to 2.0, the content of dehydroascorbate and oxidized glutathione of the plant were significantly increased. The enzyme (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase etc.) activities of the plant affected by SAR were increased as the pH decreased. The results indicate that garden balsam may receive oxidative stresses by the application of SAR and by which the plant growth can be significantly retarded. A biochemical protective mechanism might be activated to nullify the oxidative stresses generated through SAR.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1998

본 연구는 특정 조직의 정보 인프라 개발을 위한 전략적 계획을 수립하기 위해 의 사결정 지원 도구로서 다수 목표 의사결정 모형 (Multiple Objective Decision-Making Model : MODEM), 구체적으로는 목표 계획법(Goal Programming : GP)의 응용을 제시하고 있다. 연구대상 조직은 3년 동안의 정보 인프라 개발 프로젝트를 추진하고 있다. 이러한 특 별 프로젝트는 조직 전체에 궁극적인 통합 정보 기술 서비스를 제공하기 위하여 최고 의사 결정자의 전략적 계획 측면에서 추진되고 있다. 본 연구는 총 8개의 목표가 수립되었고 현 조직 환경하에서 이들 목포들에 대한 우선 순위가 설정되었다. Micro Manager가 본 연구 모형의 실행을 위하여 활용되었고 분석결과 6개의 정보 인프라 프로젝트 중 첫 5개가 실행 되기 위하여 선택되어 졌으며 4개의 네트? 대안 중에서 첫 번째 대안이 최적 대안으로 선 택되었다. 초기 설정 목표들에 대한 우선 순위를 변경시킴으로써 연구 모형의 가변성을 검 토하기 위해 민감도 분석이 실행되었다. 변경된 목표와 우선 순위하에서는 6개의 정보 인프 라 프로젝트 중 3개만이 실행을 위하여 선택되었고 네트? 대안은 첫 번째 대안이 역시 최 적 대안으로 선택되었다. 본 연구 모형은 다수의 서로 상층하는 목표를 가지는 조직 및 이 와 유사한 경영환경에 직면해 있는 전략적 의사결정 수립에 효과적인 방안을 제시할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.213-213
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• 2017

High quality seed of proso millet that has high germination percentage, germination speed, and uniformity demanded to increases rates of mechanization in cereal crop cultivation. In order to improve germination characteristics, proso millet seeds were treated with red light, ultrasonication and liquid smoke (LS) solution that generated from hickory wood. All treatments were performed in seed priming solution with 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ at $15^{\circ}C$ for 24hrs under aeration condition. Seeds were exposed under light intensity of 2000 lux for 15m, 30m, 60m, and 120m in priming solution. Ultrasonic treatment was performed at 60%, 80%, and 100% intensity of 21.6 KHz for 5m, 10m, and 20m in priming solution. For LS treatment seed were soaked in 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0% and 10.0% of diluted solution with $dH_2O$ or 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ solution. The effect of seed treatment was evaluated with germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination rate (GR), Germination uniformity (GU) and heath seed percentage (HS). Our results demonstrate that red light (15min) or ultrasonication (21.6kHz, 5min) treatment improved MGT, GI, GR, and GU comparing to untreated control. Importantly, we show that LS treatments have significant effect on the health seedling and germination characteristics. Proso millet seeds that treated with 5% LS solution for 24hrs improves HS up to 97% that similar results obtained in 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ priming for 24hrs. The combined treatment with LS solution and 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ priming were not effective in all treatments. Our results demonstrate that treating seeds with LS or 100mM $NH_4NO_3$ priming or ultrasonication improves germination characteristics. The methods described here will help advance research using this species by increasing the germination performance at which successive seed pellet process.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2004

Amylase isozyme based three multivoltine viz., N+p, Np, N+ $p^{cho}$ and two bivoltine-D6+p, D6p syngenic lines (Syn. L) were developed from germplasm (GP) stocks Nistari (N) and D6 respectively. haemolymph isozyme pattern at pH 7.0 and 8.5 depicted a total 11 number (Am $y_{1 to 6}$ at pH 7.0 and Am $y^{l to 5}$ at pH 8.5) of native proteins (NP) of various sizes are amylase isozyme expressers. Among eleven NPs, two NPs of 770 kDa (Am $y^{6}$ at pH 7.0) and 376 kDa (Am $y^3$ at pH 8.5) are $\alpha$-amylase expressers and remaining NPs of 370, 364, 350, 329 and 274 kDa at pH 7.0 and 206, 292, 416, 725 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expressers. Accordingly, digestive juice amylase isozyme pattern at aforesaid pH also depicted a total number of 10 NPs (Am $y^{1 to 5}$) at each pH 7.0 and 8.5 are amylase expressers of which NP of 387 kDa (Am $y^4$ at pH 7.0) and 780 kDa (Am $y^{5}$ at pH 8.5) are a-amylase expresser. Remaining NPs of 338,297 ＆ 216 kDa at pH 7.0 and 370, 341, 329 ＆302 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expresser. Recurrent backcross lines (RBL) viz., N+pRBL and NpRBL were developed through introgression of high shell weight character (a multigenic trait) to be used further for congenic line (Con. L) development and to understand any association with introgressed character. Isozyme pattern in haemolymph of RBLs depicted only one $\alpha$-amylase of 770 kDa at pH 7.0 and 376 kDa at pH 8.0 with three and four respective $\beta$-amylase bands but in bivoltine lines numbers of $\beta$-amylase bands vary between 1 to 2 at aforesaid pH. Variability was also observed in digestive juice of multivolitine and its RBLs but bivoltine lines express null activity at both pH except appearance of one very week $\alpha$-amylase band D6+p at pH 8.5. Overall study suggests that not a single NP at both pH is common for expression of any band of amylase isozyme i.e., a totally different set of proteins are the amylase isozyme expresser at specific pH and no molecular factor of amylase is associated in developed RBLs which showed improvement on survival, single cocoon shell weight (SCSW) and single filament length over receptor parents.s.s.s.