• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.219-231
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data on the prevention of and education about diabetes mellitus for the nutritional management of a diabetes mellitus risk group. The study which took place in Kangbukgu, Seoul, involved a diabetes mellitus risk group (DMR $\geq$ 110 mg/dL, 61), of males and females, aged 36 to 68 years, and a group of healthy people as a control group ( < 110 mg/dL, 183), using luting blood sugar (FBS) levels. The proportion of people in the abnormal range was higher in the DMR than that of control group for total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C), total protein, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and creatinine. Particularly with respect to serum protein the proportion in the DMR in abnormal range (p < 0.05) was significantly higher than that of the control group. The proportion in the DMR with a family history of disease was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.01). Using body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and relative body weight (RBW), the obesity indices in the DMR was higher than that of the control group. Comparing the DMR and the control group with respect to dietary habits, it seems that the DMR had more undesirable dietary habits than the control group. When the intake of each nutrient for the DMR and the control group was compared to the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDA), the proportion of excess intake and deficient intake in the DMR was higher than that of the control group. The DMR showed a greater undesirable dietary intake pattern as compared to that of the control group, based on the RDA. With respect to the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for quality estimation of the overall flood intake, the DMR showed a feater undesirable pattern than the control group. According to the above results, the DMR tended to have more undesirable eating habits when compared to the control group. Therefore, to provide a more efficient nutritional education program for the DMR we must conduct lurker studies on eating habits, so as to provide systematic nutritional management based on theme differences between the DMR and the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.168-173
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of microsomal mixed function oxidase (MFO) and xanthine oxidase activities (XOD) in the liver of rats exposed to microwave. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 200$\pm$10g body weight were randomly assigned to a normal and microwave exposed(MW) groups; microwave exposed groups were divided into two groups; microwave (MW) group and green tea(GT) gropu which were fed distilled water and green tea extracts during experimental periods, respectively. Rats were irradiated with microwave at the frequency of 2.45 GHz for 15min and rats wre sacrificed at the 4th day of the microwave irradiaton. The hemoglobin level of GT group was higher than that of the normal gropu and MW group, but the hematocrit value was not significantly different among all experimental gropus. The activity of serum GOT of MW group was significantly increased but that of GT group was similar to normal group. Activities of GPT were not significantly different among all experimental groups. Liver XOD activity was significantly increased in the microwave exposed groups but green tea normalized the XOD activity. The activity of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 was significantly increased in MW group compared to normal group and that of GT group was similar to that of the normal group. The activity of hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase was also significantly increased in MW group compared to normal group, but that of GT group was similar to that fo the normal group. In conclusion, the activities of MFO and XOD were elevated by microwave irradiaton, but the activation of MFO system as well as the damage of the liver by microwave were reduced by green tea supplementation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1107-1112
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• 2011

Over-consumption of alcohol leads to many side-effects such as malnutrition, liver disease, and neuronal disorders and many investigators have tired to identify methods for preventing the side-effects of drinking. In this study, we demonstrated the protective effect of a new food component, SAC-1, containing Hovenia dulcis Thumb and Lonicera caerulea Thumb extract against the side-effects of drinking. We observed that blood alcohol concentration, glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, lipid peroxidation, and total glutathione level decreased significantly in plasma and liver of mice fed the SAC-1 extract before alcohol intoxication. In particular, SAC-1 had more of a protective effect than that of Hovenia dulcis Thumb extract alone. These results suggest that SAC-1 should further be developed to treat alcohol detoxification and stimulate antioxidative potentials.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2007

This study was designed to evaluate Saturday nutrition classes for obese elementary students in Chungnam Province. Obesity index, nutrient intake, nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude, and self-satisfaction of 36 obese elementary students were compared before and after attending nutrition classes every other Saturday for 3 months. The average age, height, weight, body fat, % body fat, and obesity index were 11.9 years, 145.5 cm, 53.3 kg, 24.5 kg, 45.7%, and 32.4%, respectively. Most of the subjects(94.5%) viewed themselves as fat. Sixty-three percent of children were discontent with their body-image. All answered that they have experience with weight control. The major methods of weight control were exercise and reduction of snacks. The mean serum cholesterol, blood glucose, GOT/GPT, and hemoglobin were 177.4 mg/dL, 90.4 mg/dL, 25.8/25.5 IU/L, 14.5 g/dL, respectively. After attending nutrition classes, the daily intakes of energy, plant protein, plant fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, and cholesterol increased significantly. The scores for nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude, and self-satisfaction also increased after nutrition classes, but there were no significant differences. Percent body fat decreased significantly after nutrition classes. In conclusion, nutrition education for elementary students is effective for the prevention and control of obesity. Further research is needed to develop a systematic program of nutrition education for obese children.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2006

We studied the effects of intake of the steamed bean powder(SB) and chungkukjang powder(CK) on blood parameters such as glucose, albumin, GOT, GPT, hematocrit, hemoglobin, total-/HDL-/LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, and blood antioxidant nutrients such as retinol, tocopherols and carotenes in 26 college women. There were 2 groups, one group had 13 participants who consumed 30g SP and second group (13 participants) consumed 30g CK daily for 4 weeks. The study compared before with after SP/CK intake. The average age of the participants was 22.1 years, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of all parameters before the study. The energy intake showed no significant differences between before and after SP/CK intake. C(carbohydrate) propotion was reduced, and P(protein) and F(fat) ratio were increased after 4 week intake of SP/CK. Indices of nutritional quality(INQ) of protein(p<0.01), iron(p<0.05), zinc(p<0.05), vitamin C(p<0.05) were significantly increased after SP intake, and those of protein(p<0.05) and zinc also increased after CK intake. There were no significant differences in TG, total-/HDL-/LDL-cholesterol before and after SP/CK intake. The CK intake group showed the reduction only in retinol level in blood(p<0.05). Some students reported the improvement of the constipation and the regularity of the bowel elemination, and some students experienced the prolongation effects on one's monthly days after SP/CK intake. In this study, we could see the effect of improvement in some nutrients intake, but no effect in blood parameters by SP/CK intake for 4 weeks. That reason might be that the participants were healthy young women, or the trail period was not enough long to change.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2012

$Dioscorea$ $batatas$ Decne is a type of yam that eaten raw and used as a traditional oriental medicine in Asian countries. In this study, we evaluated the functional effects of yam water extracts on body weight levels and serum lipid concentrations in mice fed high fat diet. Mice were divided into four groups: normal diet control (ND), high fat diet control (HFD), HFD+yam extract 100 mg/kg (HFD-Y100), and HFD+yam extract 200 mg/kg (HFD-Y200). Yam extract was administrated orally to mice fed a high fat diet for 5 weeks. Treatment with yam extract significantly reduced body weight levels and energy efficiency in a dose-dependent manner in HFD-fed mice. Yam extract also attenuated serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, as well as organ weights of liver and abdominal adipose tissue in mice fed a high fat diet. Moreover, blood levels of glucose, insulin, and leptin significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner upon administration of yam extract. Blood activities of GPT, GOT, and LDH were lower in the yam extract-treated groups compared to the HFD group. These results indicate that yam water extract may reduce elevated body weight and serum lipid concentrations in mice fed a high fat diet, suggesting its usefulness as a functional food for reducing body fat and hyperlipidemia.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 1984

Effects of Ssang Wha Tang (SWT), a blended Chinease traditional medicine, on the pharmacokinetics of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in the rats of hepatic failure induced by carbon tetrachloride were examined. The disposition of plasma BSP in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats (Group I) and in carbon tetrachloride+SWT-treated rats (Group II) followed a three-compartment model, while those in control group followed two-compartment model. GOT, GPT level and some pharmacokinetic paramiters like plasma clearance but except distribution volume (Vdss) recovered in Group II compared to Group I. Therefore, SWT seemed to have an apparent restoring effect of hepatic function damaged by carbon tetrachloride treatment. From the fact that Vdss of BSP in Group II was considered as an one of the probable mechanisms. More intensive increase in BSP-free fraction ($f_p$) in Group II than that in Group I might also explain the increases of BSP clearance and Vdss in Group II compared to Group I. Assuming no changes in hepatic plasma flow(Q) in each group, hepatic intrinsic clearance($CL^h_{int}$) decreased in Group I did not recovered not at all in Group II. Therefore SWT seemed not to have any restoring effect of true hepaticfunction to biotransform and excrete BSP, and the apparent restoring effect of SWT might be due only to the replacement of BSP-plasma protein binding. Whether $f_p$ is actually higer in Group II than in Group I, and Q is constant in each group are being examined in our laboratory. The changes of Q, which might lead to another conculusions, also should be taken into consideration to clarify the apparent hepatorestoring effect of SWT.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.531-545
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• 1994

In a TV component manufacturing factory, 102 male workers aged $20{\sim}39$ years old were participated in testing for physical fitness. At the same time, worker's periodic health examination was done. Test battery for physical fitness include grip strength, trunk flexion, standing long jump, side step, single leg balance with eye close, push ups and Harvard step test. As a result of testing for physical fitness, synthetically, there is no difference between manufacturing workers and officers. By bioelectrical impedance test, it means a declining tendency to all 7 factors in the obese workers, and so, it is important for obese workers not only to promote physical fitness but also to promote health. Excluding grip strength and single leg balance with eye close, 5 fitness factors are negatively associated with degree of diastolic Blood pressure, but it is statistically not significant. And levels of sGOT & sGPT have no association with physical fitness factors.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 2004

Defatted methanol extracts of the medicinal plants, Rubus coreanus Miq. (RC) and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi (AJ) were added at the levels of 0.1, 0.5, or $2\%$ (w/w) to high cholesterol diets and fed to ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats, weighing 212.6 $\pm$ 1.8 g for four weeks. Weight gains were lower in RC and AJ groups than the control group, but there were no changes in uterus weights. Serum levels of triglyceride decreased by 20-$27\%$ in the experimental groups fed $0.1\%$ of each extract (O.1RC and O.1AJ), compared with that of control (Ovx). Serum cholesterol levels were not changed in the RC groups but increased in the group fed $2\%$ of the AJ extract. Liver levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were reduced in both the RC and AJ groups. Microscopic observation revealed that there were no morphological alterations in liver, lung, heart, spleen and kidney tissues of the experimental groups. Plasma levels of albumin, BUN, creatinine, sodium, potassium and phosphate in the IRC and AJ groups were in normal ranges. Serum GOT and GPT activities were, however, higher in the 2.0AJ than Ovx group. These results suggest that the extracts of the Rubus coreanus Miq. and Atractylodes japonica Koidzumi at dietary levels as low as $0.1\%$ may be utilized as hypotriglyceridemic ingredients for functional foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.632-637
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• 1999

The purposes of this study is to investigate the effect of Rhus chinensis gall extract on liver function, plasma lipid composition and antioxidant system in the obese rats with high fat diet for seven weeks. Thirty two male rats of Sprague Dawely strain were divided into four groups. they are normal group (basal diet), control group(high fat diet), III group(high fat diet with Rhus chinensis gall extract 25mg/kg body weight per day) and IV group(high fat diet with Rhus chinensis gall extract 250mg/kg body weight per day). Rats in III group and IV group were administered with Rhus chinensis gall extract accordingly. Weight gains showed a tendency to decrease in rat with Rhus chinensis gall extract group but showed no differences among treatment groups. Food intake and Food efficiency ratio were not significantly different among treatment groups. Plasma total cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease in Rhus chinensis gall extract group. HDL cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease in 25mg/kg of Rhus chinensis gall extract group. However, in the 250mg/kg of Rhus chinensis gall extract group, these values showed no significant difference compared to the control group (p<0.05). GPT activities showed no significant difference among treatment groups. GOT activities showed a tendency to decrease in the groups of Rhus chinensis gall extract groups. Lipid peroxide level was significantly higher in control group than those of normal group. In Rhus chinensis gall extract groups, lipid peroxide level showed a tendency to decrease, but glutathione peroxidase activity was progressively increased. Results of our research in this paper show that Rhus chinensis gall extract might improve liver function, antioxidant system and plasma lipid composition in rats with high fat diet.