• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2017

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method is based on dual-frequency data of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). The recent multi-constellations GNSS (multi-GNSS) enable us to bring great opportunities for enhanced precise positioning, navigation, and timing. In the paper, the multi-GNSS PPP with a combination of four systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou) is analyzed to evaluate the improvement on positioning accuracy and convergence time. GNSS observations obtained from DAEJ reference station in South Korea are processed with both the multi-GNSS PPP and the GPS-only PPP. The performance of multi-GNSS PPP is not dramatically improved when compared to that of GPS only PPP. Its performance could be affected by the orbit errors of BeiDou geostationary satellites. However, multi-GNSS PPP can significantly improve the convergence speed of GPS-only PPP in terms of position accuracy.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2017

Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can significantly improve the positioning accuracy and convergence speed. The reliability and availability of multi-GNSS precise point positioning (PPP) is steadily increasing with the rapid development of GNSS satellites. In this study, multi-GNSS PPP analysis is performed to compare the positioning precision by processing the observations from different GNSS systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou). To improve the positioning performance of the multi-GNSS PPP, we employed the weighed measurement noise (WMN) method. After applying WMN method to multi-GNSS PPP, positioning precision is improved by approximately 26.3% compared to the GPS only solutions, and by approximately 9.1% compared to combined GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo PPP.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권6호
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• pp.589-599
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• 2024

This study presents the usability of the high-rate single-frequency Precise Point Positioning (SF-PPP) technique based on 20 Hz Global Positioning Systems (GPS)-only observations in detecting dynamic motions. SF-PPP solutions were obtained from post-mission and real-time GNSS corrections. These include the International GNSS Service (IGS)-Final, IGS real-time (RT), real-time MADOCA (Multi-GNSS Advanced Demonstration tool for Orbit and Clock Analysis), and real-time products from the Australian/New Zealand satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS, known as SouthPAN). SF-PPP results were compared with LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) sensor and single-frequency relative positioning (SF-RP) solutions. The findings show that the SF-PPP technique successfully detects the harmonic motions, and the real-time products-based PPP solutions were as accurate as the final post-mission products. In the frequency domain, all GNSS-based methods evaluated in this contribution correctly detect the dominant frequency of short-term harmonic oscillations, while the differences in the amplitude values corresponding to the peak frequency do not exceed 1.1 mm. However, evaluations in the time domain show that SF-PPP needs high-pass filtering to detect accurate displacement since SF-PPP solutions include trends and low-frequency fluctuations, mainly due to atmospheric effects. Findings obtained in the time domain indicate that final, real-time, and MADOCA-based PPP results capture short-term dynamic behaviors with an accuracy ranging from 3.4 mm to 8.5 mm, and SBAS-based PPP solutions have several times higher RMSE values compared to other methods. However, after high-pass filtering, the accuracies obtained from PPP methods decreased to a few mm. The outcomes demonstrate the potential of the high-rate SF-PPP method to reliably monitor structural and earthquake-induced ground motions and vibration frequencies of structures.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2021

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is widely used for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) applications. It is difficult to obtain precise positions with an EKF one-way (forward or backward) filter. In this paper, we propose an EKF smoother to improve the positioning accuracy by integrating forward and backward filters. For the EKF smoother experiment, we performed PPP using GNSS data received at the DAEJ reference station for a month. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated with multi-GNSS kinematic PPP experiments. The EKF smoother showed 35%, 6%, and 22% improvement in east, north, and up directions, respectively. In addition, accurate tropospheric zenith total delay (ZTD) values were calculated by a smoother. Therefore, the results from EKF smoother demonstrate that better accuracy of position can be achieved.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.2601-2610
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• 2013

정밀단독측위(PPP)의 정확도에 영향을 주는 주요변수는 위성궤도력의 정확도, 위성시계오차, 관측자 환경에 종속된 오차(전리층 및 대기층 지연, multipath, tides 등) 및 이들과 관련한 모호정수의 해석 문제 등이다. 따라서 정밀단독측위의 정확도를 향상시키기 위해서는 여러 주파수의 GNSS 관측 자료에 정밀한 위성궤도 및 시계 보정정보와 관측자에 종속된 보정정보를 적용하여 전리층지연 및 모호정수를 실시간 해석해야 한다. 현재, 지역 및 광역 실시간 GNSS 관측망으로 부터 정밀 보정정보를 제공하는 여러 해석센터가 있다. 본 연구는 지역 또는 광역 GNSS 관측망의 해석센터들로부터 산출된 RTCM 보정정보를 NTRIP으로 수신하여 실시간으로 검사점에 개별 및 조합 적용하고 표준단독측위(SPP) 및 다양한 보정정보의 적용에 따른 정밀단독측위의 정확도를 시간대별로 비교 분석하여 GNSS위성에 의한 실시간 절대측위의 정확도를 검토하였다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.471-484
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• 2017

GNSS 가강수량은 태풍이나 집중호우의 일기예보를 위한 중요한 요소로 인식되고 있으며, 가강수량을 수치예보 모델에 초기 입력값으로 적용하여 일기예보가 향상되는 연구가 국내${\cdot}$외로 발표되고 있다. 호우 관련 일기예보를 위해서는 가강수량이 실시간 또는 준실시간으로 제공되어야 하며 가강수량 자료의 정밀함과 무결성이 유지되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 정밀절대측위를 이용한 준실시간 가강수량 산출 시스템 개발 과정에 대해 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 정밀절대측위의 대류권 지연 추정과 관련된 변수를 최적화하고 준실시간 GNSS 가강수량 시스템을 개발하였다. 시스템의 분석을 위해 정밀절대측위와 상대측위의 준실시간 가강수량 정밀도를 비교하였다. 비교결과 정밀절대 측위의 가강수량 정밀도가 상대측위 보다 낮게 산출되었지만 자료의 무결성 부분에서는 좋은 결과가 도출되었다. 향후에는 정밀절대측위 방식의 가강수량 정밀도를 높이는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2022

IGS (international gnss service)에서는 GNSS (global navigation satellite system) 위성의 항법메시지에 적용할 수 있는 RTS (real-time service) 궤도 및 시계 보정정보를 제공한다. 하지만, 인터넷 단절이 발생하면 RTS 값을 수신할 수 없으므로, 안정적인 PPP (precise point positioning)를 수행하기 위해 신호 단절이 발생한 경우 RTS 보정정보를 예측해서 사용해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 실시간으로 신호 단절 구간에서 LSTM (long short-term memory) 알고리듬으로 궤도 및 시계 보정정보를 예측하여 PPP를 진행하였다. 연산 처리 속도가 빠르지 않은 Raspberry Pi (RPI)에 LSTM 알고리듬을 구현하여 예측성능을 분석하였다. 다항식 예측기법과 비교하여 LSTM은 장기간 예측에서 우수한 성능을 보였다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2021

Recently, many studies have considered the effect of atmospheric pressure loading (APL) on precise global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data processing. The APL deforms the Earth's crust. It can often exceed 10 mm in radial displacement. In this study, we analyze the APL effect on Multi-GNSS kinematic precise point positioning (PPP). In addition, observations received at two GNSS reference stations (DAEJ and SUWN) in South Korea were processed. The absolute position changes for the two stations were compared to before and after applying the APL effects from January 1 to February 29, 2020. The crust of South Korea was most affected by the APL in the up direction. With the APL model, the difference in daily position changes was mostly within 4 mm in the radial direction. On the other hand, the horizontal components (east-west and north-south) were relatively less affected than the radial component.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2021

Precise Point Positioning-Real Time Kinematic (PPP-RTK) is an improved PPP method that provides the user receiver with satellite code and phase bias correction information in addition to the satellite orbit and clock, thus enabling single-receiver ambiguity resolution. Single station PPP-RTK concept is special case of PPP-RTK in that corrections are computed, instead of a network, by only one single GNSS receiver. This study is performed to experimentally verify the positioning accuracy performance of single baseline RTK level by a user who utilizes correction for a single station PPP-RTK using dual frequencies. As an experimental result, the horizontal and vertical 95% accuracy was 2.2 cm, 4.4 cm, respectively, which verify the same performance as the single baseline RTK.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권4호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2020

The use of final IGS precise orbit and clock products for high-rate GNSS-PPP proved its effectiveness in capturing dynamic displacement of engineering structures caused by earthquakes. However, the main drawback of using the final products is that they are available after approximately two weeks of data collection, which is not suitable for timely measures after an event. In this study, the use of ultra-rapid products (observed part), which are available after a few hours of data collection, and rapid products, which are available in less than 24 hrs, are investigated and their results are compared to the more precise final products. The tests are designed such that harmonic oscillations with different frequencies and amplitudes and ground motion of a simulated real earthquake are generated using a single axis shake table and the PPP was used to capture these movements by monitoring time-change of the table positions. To evaluate the accuracy of PPP using ultra-rapid, rapid and final products, their results were compared with relative GNSS positioning and LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) data, treated as reference. The results show that the high-rate GNSS-PPP solutions based on the three products can capture frequencies of harmonic oscillations and dynamic displacement with good accuracy. There were slight differences between ultra-rapid, rapid and final products, where some of the tested events indicated that the latter two produced are more accurate and provide better results compared to the ultra-rapid product for monitoring short-term dynamic displacements.