• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.35-53
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• 2007

GML is a mark-up language which is suggested by OGC(Open GIS Consortium) for use of encoding standard concerning with storing and transferring Geographic information. For general spatial network database, researches supporting GML documents can be classified into three categories : parsing, storing, and retrieval of GML documents. Among them, the 'Storing of GML document' is essential for efficient GML document retrieval. However, There is little research on schema for storing GML documents. In addition, the existing schema for storing XML documents can't be used for GML documents due to geographic information. Therefore, In this paper, we propose efficient schema for storing GML documents In addition, we do performance evaluation of the GML schema.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.87-100
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• 2011

Recently, a variety of GML application schemas have been designed in many fields. GML application schemas are specific to the application domain of interest and specify object types using primitive object types defined in the GML standard. GML instance documents are created based on such GML application schemas. The GML instance documents generally require large volumes to represent huge amounts of geographic objects. Thus, it is essential to store such GML instance documents in relational database for efficient management and use. Relational database is relatively convenient to use and is widely applied in various fields. Furthermore, it is fundamentally more efficient than file structure to handle large datasets. Many researches on storing GML documents have been carried out so far. However, there are few studies on storage of GML instance documents. Therefore, in this study, we developed the storage module to store the GML instance documents in relational database.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.7 no.1 s.13
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• pp.39-52
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• 2005

GML (Geography Markup Language) has become the widely adopted standard for transport and storage of geographic information. So, various researches such as modeling, storage, query, and etc have been studied to provide the interoperability of geographic information in web environments. Especially, there are increased needs to store semi-structured data such as GML documents efficiently. Therefore, in this paper, we design and implement a GML repository to store GML documents on the basis of GML schema using spatial database system. GML Schema is converted into directed GML schema graph and the schema mapping technique from directed schema graph to spatial schema is presented. Also, we define the conversion rules on spatial schema to preserve the constraints of GML schema. GML repository using spatial database system is useful to provide the interoperability of geographic information and to store and manage enormous GML documents.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.91-101
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• 2015

Due to recent increase of indoor spatial information demands, several international standards have been published for indoor spatial information. OGC has also recently published two standards for indoor space; CityGML and IndoorGM. CityGML aims to provide a standard for 3D city modeling and the level of details (LoD) 4 covers the indoor space. IndoorGML focuses only on indoor space and provides several functions to complement the weakness of CityGML. It is therefore recommended to apply IndoorGML as a combination with CityGML. However since the weakness and strengths between these standards are not yet fully studied and understood, there is no well-defined guideline to apply them in a proper way. It means that we need to carry out a comparative study between them for their proper integration. For this reason, we discuss the pros and cons of these standards from two use-cases. The sites for the use-cases cover Lotte World Mall and Jongno-5 subway station, respectively. We studied these use-cases to compare CityGML and IndoorGML through the data construction of CityGML and IndoorGML for these sites. And based on several application scenarios, we also analyzed the weakness and strengths of each standard from different viewpoints. We expect that these comparative studies will be helpful to make a guideline on the application and integration between CityGML and CityGML.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

Recently indoor navigation with indoor map such as Indoor Google Maps is served. For the services, constructing indoor data are required. CityGML and IFC are widely used as standards for representing indoor data. The data models contains spatial information for the indoor visualization and analysis, but indoor navigation requires semantic and topological information like graph as well as geometry. For this reason, IndoorGML, which is a GML3 application schema and data model for representation, storage and exchange of indoor geoinformation, is under standardization of OGC. IndoorGML can directly describe geometric property and refer elements in external documents. Because a lot of data in CityGML or IFC have been constructed, a huge amount of construction time and cost for IndoorGML data will be reduced if CityGML can help generate data in IndoorGML. Thus, this paper suggest practical use of CityGML including deriving from and link to CityGML. We analyze relationships between IndoorGML and CityGML. In this paper, issues and solutions for linkage of IndoorGML and CityGML are addressed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.6
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• pp.623-632
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• 2007

GML is a markup language presented as exchange standard for geographic information by the OGC(Open GIS Consortium). In spatial network databases, researches for supporting GML(Geographic Markup Language) can be divided into the parsing, the storing and the retrieval of GML documents. Among them, the study on the storage of GML documents is essential for their efficient retrieval. However there is little research on the storing of GML documents whereas there have been a lot of researches on the storing of n documents. Because the storage schema designed for XML documents are not appropriate for geographic information, we, in this paper, propose three storage schema for efficiently storing GML documents including geographic information in order to solve the problem that the XML storage schema store duplicate data and need to search many tables for obtaining elements. In addition, we design and implement a low-level storage manager which can store GML documents using the proposed GML storage schema.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10c
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• pp.18-21
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• 2006

최근, 지리 정보 사용에 대한 관심과 응용 분야에 대한 개발이 증가함에따라서, 지리 정보의 공유 및 상호운용성에 대한 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 OGC(Open GIS Consortium)에서는 지리 정보의 교환 표준으로 GML 언어를 제시하였다. GML은 지리 정보를 전송 및 저장하기 위해 XML로 인코딩한 언어이다. 따라서, 지리 정보를 위한 공간 데이터베이스에 GML 문서를 저장하기 위해서는 효과적인 GML 문서의 파싱이 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 XML 파서인 Xerces를 확장하여 GML 문서를 효과적으로 파싱할 수 있는 GML 파서를 개발한다. 이를 위해 GML 스키마에서 제공하는 지리 정보 데이터 타입을 Xerces 파서의 내부 데이터 타입으로 제공하여, GML 응용 문서의 스캔(scan) 및 Validation을 위해 소요되는 GML 스키마 문서의 파싱 비용을 효과적으로 줄일 수 있다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.307-319
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• 2004

Managing GML data in traditional database systems is not efficient since It has not only characteristics of spatial data but also features of (semi) structured n documents. XML enabled database systems can manage U data efficiently, however they cannot handle spatial data. Spatial database systems are good at spatial data handling but those are inefficient for XML data. This paper proposes a storage method of GML data for spatial database systems in order to solve the problems. The proposed method generates spatial database schemas from GML application schemas and store GML data into SDBMS through the generated schemas. A prototype of the storage method has been implemented on the Postgre SQ/SPE system to show the proposed method is appropriate for storing GML data. As a result, the implemented system was able to store various GML data which had diverse XML structures and different size. Stored data size was smaller than GML files. Furthermore, spatial, non-spatial, and mixed content queries could be performed over the stored GML data as quickly.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.159-165
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• 2004

본 논문의 목적은 모바일 서비스를 위해 GML 프로파일을 개발하는 것이다. 현재 모바일 서비스를 위하여 다양한 형태의 지도 표현과 공간정보 서비스가 개발되고 있다. 그러나, 각 모바일 서비스마다 표준화되지 않은 독자적인 방법을 통해 공간 데이터를 전송 및 처리하고 있어서 모바일 서비스간의 상호운용성을 확보하기 어려운 상황이다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 GML을 기반으로 모바일 서비스용 GML 프로파일을 개발한다. 모바일 서비스 환경을 위한 실용적인 GML 프로파일을 개발하기 위해서는 GML 명세와 모바일 서비스를 먼저 분석하여야 한다 GML의 구성요소와 모바일 서비스 및 DB분석을 기반으로 MATRIX분석을 수행하여 모바일 서비스를 위해 필요한 GML 구성요소의 부분집합을 정의한다. 이를 기반으로 모바일 서비스용 GML 프로파일을 개발한다.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.8 no.1 s.16
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• pp.27-35
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• 2006

As the increasing interest about geographical information, such researches and applied fields become wide. OGC(Open GIS Consortium) developed GML(Geography Markup Language) which is adopted XML(extensible Markup Language) in GIS field. In various applied field, GML is used and studied continuously. This paper try to find out the meaningful rules using Apriori algorithm from GML documents, one of the data mining techniques which is studied based on existing XML documents There are two ways to find out the rules. One is the way that find out the related rules as extracting the content in GML documents, the other find out the related rules based on used tags and attributes. This paper describes searching the rules through two ways and shows the system adopted two ways.