• 제목/요약/키워드: GM soybeans

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Safety Assessment of Foods Produced Using Recombinant DNA Techniques

  • Toyoda, Masatake
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제17권
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    • pp.167-171
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    • 2001
  • The introduction of genetically modified crops has raised concerns regarding safety issues over the insertion of foreign genes into plant genomes using recombinant DNA technology. Since 1991 in Japan, 29 foods and 6 food additives have been evaluated, based on the "Guideline for Safety Assessment", before these foods were marketed. The MHW, however, decided that safety assessment of such foods and food additives should be legally imposed. because soon such foods and food additives are expected to circulate globally and a new system for assessing safety of such foods and food additives at a pre-market stage is necessary, in order to avoid the distribution of any genetically modified foods that have had no safety assessment. The MHW published relevant announcements to amend existing regulations on 1 May 2000. "Standards for safety assessment of seed plant" is established based on a concept of substantial equivalence, and applicable to the products which are regarded as equivalent to the existing products used as foods and food additives. The characterization of the food products entails consideration of the molecular characterization. phenotypic and compositional characteristics, key nutrients and toxicants, and toxicity and allergenicity of the introduced proteins, and if there are indications of unintended effects of the modification, whether further safety testing (animal studies etc.) is needed should be considered. Safety and wholesomeness studies with whole foods should be care fully designed in order to avoid nutritional imbalances causing artifacts and uninterpretable results as was the case of Dr. Pusztaiis report. A case study of genetically modified soybeans (glyphosate-tolerant soybeans) on the immune system of rats and mice is shown. Chemical compositions were also compared with those of the non-GM soybeans. The studies failed to detect any differences in immuno-toxic activity.muno-toxic activity.

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Connection the Rhizomicrobiome and Plant MAPK Gene Expression Response to Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum in Wild and Cultivated Soybean

  • Chang, Chunling;Xu, Shangqi;Tian, Lei;Shi, Shaohua;Nasir, Fahad;Chen, Deguo;Li, Xiujun;Tian, Chunjie
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제35권6호
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    • pp.623-634
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    • 2019
  • Little known the connections between soybeans mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene expression and the rhizomicrobiome upon invasion of the root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. To address this lack of knowledge, we assessed the rhizomicrobiome and root transcriptome sequencing of wild and cultivated soybean during the invasion of F. oxysporum. Results indicated F. oxysporum infection enriched Bradyrhizobium spp. and Glomus spp. and induced the expression of more MAPKs in the wild soybean than cultivated soybean. MAPK gene expression was positively correlated with Pseudomonadaceae but negatively correlated with Sphingomonadaceae and Glomeraceae in both cultivated and wild soybean. Specifically, correlation profiles revealed that Pseudomonadaceae was especially correlated with the induced expression of GmMAKKK13-2 (Glyma.14G195300) and GmMAPK3-2 (Glyma.12G073000) in wild and cultivated soybean during F. oxysporum invasion. Main fungal group Glomeraceae was positively correlated with GmMAPKKK14-1 (Glyma.18G060900) and negatively correlated with GmRaf6-4 (Glyma.02G215300) in the wild soybean response to pathogen infection; while there were positive correlations between Hypocreaceae and GmMAPK3-2 (Glyma.12G073000) and between Glomeraceae and GmRaf49-3 (Glyma.06G055300) in the wild soybean response, these correlations were strongly negative in the response of cultivated soybean to F. oxysporum. Taken together, MAPKs correlated with different rhizomicrobiomes indicating the host plant modulated by the host self-immune systems in response to F. oxysporum.

국내콩 4품종의 LC-MS 기반 비표적대사체 비교평가 (Comparative untargeted metabolomic analysis of Korean soybean four varieties (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) based on liquid chromatography mass spectrometry)

  • 김은하;박수윤;이상구;박현민;유오숙;강윤녕;김명지;정정원;오선우
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제65권4호
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    • pp.439-446
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    • 2022
  • 콩은 양질의 단백질과 지방산이 풍부하며, 세계적으로 가장 많이 사용되는 형질전환작물(GM) 중 하나이다. 국내에서 GM콩은 주로 광안을 모본으로 하여 개발되고 있는 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 비표적 LC-MS 기반 대사체 분석기술을 이용하여 2020년도에 군위와 전주에서 재배한 광안과 세 일반콩의 대사체 프로파일을 비교분석 하였다. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) 분석을 통하여 대사체 프로파일들은 품종별로 잘 분리되었으며, 페닐알라닌과 이소플라본, 지방산을 포함하여 18종 물질이 관여하는 것으로 확인하였다. PLS-DA 스코어 플롯에서 콩 4품종은 지역별로 클러스터를 형성하였으며, 이는 재배환경이 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다. 광안은 다른 품종들에 비하여 이소플라본 함량이 가장 낮았으며, 리놀렌산 함량은 가장 높았다. 광안을 이용하여 개발된 생명공학콩의 실질적동등성 평가의 경우 광안의 대사체 프로파일 특성을 고려한 비교품종 선정 등에 관하여 고찰하였다.

DNA Sequence Variation of Candidate Gene for Salt Tolerance in Soybean Mutant

  • Chang Yeok Moon;Byeong Hee Kang;Woon Ji Kim;Sreeparna Chowdhury;Sehee Kang;Seo Young Shin;Wonho Lee;Hyeon-Seok Lee;Bo-Keun Ha
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.259-259
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    • 2022
  • Soil salinity is a major factor that reduces crop yields. The amount of soil affected by salinity is about 83 million hectares (FAO 2000), which is increasing due to the effects of climate change. In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], nutritional properties such as protein, starch, and sucrose content together with biomass and yield tends to reduce due to excessive salt. As a result of QTL mapping using the 169 F2:3 population from the KA-1285 (salt-tolerant) × Daepung (salt-sensitive) in a previous study, two major QTLs (Gm03_39796778 and Gm03_40600088) related to salt tolerance were found on chromosome 3. In this study, the CDS region of the Gmsalt3 gene was analyzed using the ABI 3730x1 DNA Analyzer (Macrogen, Korea). The sequence of Gmsalt3 gene in KA-1285 was compared with Williams 82.a4.vl and PI483463 (Glycine soja). Two transversions were found at exon6 in KA-1285 and PI483463. Currently, whole genome sequencing and variation analysis using the Illumine Novaseq 6000 machine (Illumina, USA) are in progress. The results of this study can provide useful molecular markers for the selection of salt-tolerant soybeans and can be used as basic data for future salt-tolerant gene research.

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Flanking Sequence and Copy-Number Analysis of Transformation Events by Integrating Next-Generation Sequencing Technology with Southern Blot Hybridization

  • Qin, Yang;Woo, Hee-Jong;Shin, Kong-Sik;Lim, Myung-Ho;Cho, Hyun-Suk;Lee, Seong-Kon
    • Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.269-281
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    • 2017
  • With the continual development of genetically modified (GM) crops, it has become necessary to develop detailed and effective molecular characterization methods to select candidate events from a large pool of transformation events. Relative to traditional molecular analysis methods such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridization, next generation sequencing (NGS) technology for whole-genome sequencing of complex crop genomes had proven comparatively useful for in-depth molecular characterization. In this study, four transformation events, including one in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-resistant rice, one in resveratrol-producing rice, and two in beta-carotene-enhanced soybeans, were selected for molecular characterization. To merge NGS analysis and Southern blot-hybridization results, we confirmed the transgene insertion sites, insertion construction, and insertion numbers of these four transformation events. In addition, the read-coverage depth assessed by NGS analysis for inserted genes might provide consistent results in terms of inserted T-DNA numbers in case of complex insertion structures and highly duplicated donor genomes; however, PCR-based methods can produce incorrect conclusions. Our combined method provides an effective and complete analytical approach for whole-genome visual inspection of transformation events that require biosafety assessment.

Genetic information analysis for the development of an event-specific PCR marker for herbicide tolerance LM crops

  • Do Yu, Kang;Myung Ho, Lim;Soo In, Sohn;Hyun Jung, Kang;Tae Sung, Park
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.1051-1065
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    • 2021
  • Recent times have seen sustained increases in genetically modified (GM) crops not only for cultivation but also for the utility of food and feed worldwide. Domestically, commercial planting and the accidental or unintentional release of living modified (LM) crops into the environment are not approved. Many detection methods had been devised in an effort to realize effective management of the safety of agricultural genetic resources. In order to develop event-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers for LM crops, we analyzed the genetic information of LM crops. Genetic components introduced into crops are of key importance to provide a basis for the development of detection methods for LM crops. To this end, a total of 18 varieties from four major LM crop species (maize, canola, cotton, and soybeans) were subjected to an analysis. The genetic components included introduced genes, promoters, terminators and selection markers. Thus, if proper monitoring techniques and single or multiplex PCR strategies that rely on selection markers can be established, such an accomplishment can be regarded as a feasible solution for the safe management of staple crop resources.

비타민 E 강화콩 재배가 곤충다양성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Vitamin E enhanced transgenic soybean cultivation on insect diversity)

  • 오성덕;서상재;박수윤;이기종;손수인;윤도원;장안철
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제49권3호
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    • pp.129-140
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 들깨 유래 ${\gamma}-TMT$ (${\gamma}$-tocopherol methyltransferase) 효소 유전자를 종자에서 발현시켜 ${\alpha}$-토코페롤 함량을 증가시킨 비타민 E 강화콩(1208-3-30)의 환경위해성 평가에 대한 프로토콜 및 가이드라인을 개발하고자 수행하였다. 국립농업과학원 LMO 격리포장에서 비타민 E 강화콩(1208-3-30)과 모품종인 Williams 82 및 재배 품종인 서리태를 재배하고, 성장기와 수확 직전까지의 기간 동안 거미류를 포함한 곤충류의 다양성을 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 채집된 개체들은 기능별로 천적군, 해충군, 기타 곤충군으로 크게 구분하여 계수하였으며, 총 8목 42과 77종 17,717개체가 채집되었다. 조사된 개체군의 천적군, 해충군, 기타 곤충의 밀도는 비타민 E 강화콩(1208-3-30)과 모품종인 Williams 82 간에는 유사한 발생을 보였으나, 재배 품종인 서리태는 해충군과 천적군의 개체 밀도에서 비타민 E 강화콩과 Williams 82 모두와 통계적인 유의차가를 보였다. 기타 곤충에서는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 시기별 곤충 발생 양상에서도 비타민 E 강화콩(1208-3-30)과 모품종인 Williams 82 간에는 통계적인 유의성을 나타나지 않았으나, 비타민 E 강화콩과 재배품종인 서리태에서는 9월 10일과 9월 24일에 통계적인 유의성을 보였다. 이러한 차이는 서리태와 Williams 82 간에도 동일하게 나타났다. 채집된 총 77종의 곤충상 데이터를 주성분 분석을 한 결과, Williams 82와 비타민 E 강화콩의 재배지의 곤충상은 국내에서 재배하는 대표적인 콩 품종인 서리태를 재배한 포장에서 나타나는 곤충상과는 확연하게 구분이 되었으며, 이는 특이적인 곤충상의 변화에 따른 결과가 아니고 재배한 콩의 품종인 서리태와 Williams 82 간의 차이에 의한 결과임을 확인하였다. 결과적으로, ${\gamma}-TMT$ (${\gamma}$-tocopherol methyltransferase) 유전자가 도입된 비타민 E 강화콩의 재배 시에 해충 및 천적의 개체군 밀도와 발생양상은 모품종인 Williams 82에서와 차이가 없는 것으로 조사되었다.

Lipoxygenase와 Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor 단백질 결핍콩으로 제조한 간장의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성 (Physicochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Kanjang made from Soybean Cultivars Lacking Lipoxygenase and Kunitz Trypsin Inhibitor Protein)

  • 황초롱;이수정;강재란;권민혜;권효진;정종일;성낙주
    • 농업생명과학연구
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    • 제46권5호
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    • pp.111-125
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    • 2012
  • Lipoxygenase(LOX)와 kunitz trypsin inhibitor(KTI) 단백질이 결핍된 non-GM콩(개척#2, 진양콩 및 CJ#1)의 가공적성을 알아보기 위하여 일반콩(태광콩)을 대조로 하여 간장을 제조하여 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성을 비교하였다. 원료콩의 일반성분은 시료간에 비슷한 조성을 보였으나, 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 태광콩에 비해 LOX와 KTI 단백질 결핍콩에서 유의적으로 높았다. 간장 중 총당 및 환원당 함량은 태광콩 간장이 가장 높았으며, 총 질소 및 아미노태 질소 함량은 진양콩 간장이 가장 높았다. 무기물은 진양콩 및 CJ#1 간장, 아미노산은 3종의 LOX 및 KTI 단백질 결핍콩 간장이 태광콩 간장에 비해 높은 함량이었다. 간장의 갈색도는 진양콩 간장이 가장 높았으며, 황색도는 진양콩 간장이 태광콩 간장과 비슷한 수준이었다. 간장의 종합적인 기호도는 단맛과 구수한 맛이 높았던 진양콩 간장의 점수가 가장 높았다. 간장의 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 LOX와 KTI 단백질 결핍콩 간장이 태광콩 간장에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. ABTS 및 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 총 페놀 함량에 의존적이었으며, FRAP법에 의한 환원력은 개척#2 및 CJ#1 간장이 태광콩에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, $Fe^{2+}$ 킬레이트 활성은 태광콩 간장이 여타 간장의 활성에 비해 높았으나, 진양콩 간장과 비슷한 수준이었다. 따라서 LOX와 KTI 단백질 결핍콩으로 제조한 간장은 일반콩 간장에 비해 영양적 성분 및 항산화 활성이 높아 기능성 가공식품 소재로써 활용 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.