• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.321-324
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• 2005

In these days, the management and visualization of 3D geo-spatial information is regarded as one of an important issue in GiS and remote sensing fields. 3D GIS is considered with the database issues such as handling and managing of 3D geometry/topology attributes, whereas 3D visualization is basically concerned with 3D computer graphics. This study focused on the design and implementation for the OpenGL API-based rendering system for the complex types of 3D geo-spatial features. In this approach 3D features can be separately processed with the functions of authoring and manipulation of terrain segments, building segments, road segments, and other geo-based things with texture mapping. Using this implementation, it is possible to the generation of an integrated scene with these complex types of 3D features. This integrated rendering system based on the feature-based 3D-GIS model can be extended and effectively applied to urban environment analysis, 3D virtual simulation and fly-by navigation in urban planning. Furthermore, we expect that 3D-GIS visualization application based on OpenGL API can be easily extended into a real-time mobile 3D-GIS system, soon after the release of OpenGLIES which stands for OpenGL for embedded system, though this topic is beyond the scope of this implementation.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2008

기존에는 모바일 표준 3D 그래픽 API(C언어 기반)인 OpenGL-ES를 사용하여 모바일 3D 게임 엔진을 제작해, 핸드폰에 애플리케이션을 작동시켰으나, 저수준(Low-Level)의 다양한 기능만 제공함으로써, 다양한 콘텐츠 제작 및 콘텐츠 호환성에 제약이 많았다. 이에 본 논문에서는 OpenGL-ES보다 더욱더 다양한 고수준(High-Level)의 API를 제공하면서도 GSM 폰을 중심으로 J2ME상에서 자바환경에 최적화된 모바일 표준 3D API(Java언어 기반)인 JSR-184로 모바일 3D 게임 엔진을 제작한다. 또한, 스킨드 메시(Skinned-Mesh) 형태를 가지는 3D 모델의 처리속도를 향상시키는 방법을 제시하고, 실험 결과로 엔진의 성능을 증명해 보인다.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1987년도 Proceedings of Korea-Japan Panax Ginseng Symposium 1987 Seoul Korea
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• pp.59-66
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• 1987

Psychotropic actions of crude ginseng saponins(CGS), pure ginsenoslue Rbl(GS-bl) and gin- senoside Rgl(GS-gl) isolated from the root of Panax ginseng, were evaluated by determining their effects on agonistic behavior in male(Experiment 1) and female(Experiment 2) mice, using a biologically relevant method. The results of experiment 1 demonstrated that CGS and GS-bl significantly suppressed aggressive episodes (offensive sideways posture and attack bite) in a dose-dependent manner when the resident was drugged, whereas G5-gl was ineffective. However, when the intruder was treated with one of three ginseng saponins, agonistic behavior between resident and intruder males was not altered. In experiment 2, acute administration of CGS and G5-bl significantly suppressed maternal aggression, whereas GS-gl was ineffective. As compared with the vehicle-treated group, chronic treatment with CGS and GS-bl significantly suppressed maternal aggression, while GS-gl showed a tendency to increase the frequency of attack bite by females. These findings clearly indicate that the root of Panax ginseng contains psychoactive ingredient, which can suppress both intermale and maternal aggression in mice. We suggest that the present results have important implications for the clinical usefulness of ginseng saponins in psychiatric medicine.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2002

The glycogen-associated protein phosphatase (PP1G/$R_{GL}$) may play a central role in the hormonal control of glycogen metabolism in the skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated the in vivo epinephrine effect of glycogen metabolism in the skeletal muscle of the wild-type and $R_{GL}$ knockout mice. The administration of epinephrine increased blood glucose levels from 200±20 to 325±20 mg/dl in both wild-type and knockout mice. Epinephrine decreased the glycogen synthase -/+ G6P ratio from 0.24±0.04 to 0.10±0.02 in the wild-type, and from 0.17±0.02 to 0.06±0.01 in the knockout mice. Conversely, the glycogen phosphorylase activity ratio increased from 0.21±0.04 to 0.65±0.07 and from 0.30±0.04 to 0.81±0.06 in the epinephrine trated wild-type and knockout mice respectively. The glycogen content of the knockout mice was substantially lower (27%) than that of both wild-type mice; and epinephrine decreased glycogen content in the wild-type and knockout mice. Also, in Western blot analysis there was no compensation of the other glycogen targeting components PTG/R5 and R6 in the knockout mice compared with the wild-type. Therefore, $R_{GL}$ is not required for the epinephrine stimulation of glycogen metabolism, and rather another phosphatase and/or regulatory subunit appears to be involved.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.296-303
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• 1994

An immobilized Trigonopsis variabilis cells having an high activity of D-amino acid oxidase(DAO) was used to convert CPC into GL-7-ACA. The optimal pH of the reaction system was 8.0-8.5, and the optimal temperature was 40$\circ$C. When immobilized cell was used repeatedly in semi-batchwise reaction, the system retained 80% of the initial activity after used of 12 times for over 12 hours. The storage stability of the immobilized cell was maintained for 30 days at 4$\circ$C. The CPC concentration for the maximal reaction rate was about 30 mM and 40 mM for free and immobilized cells, respectively. Substrate inhibition of CPC concentration more than 50 mM was overcomed by 20~25% by immobilization. Pure oxygen supply into reaction system was most efficient in D-amino acid oxidase reaction. Continuous conversion to GL-7-ACA from CPC has been developed with an bioreactor system containing immobilized T variabilis cells. By opera- tion of the reactor for 5 hours, the average conversion yield of >80% and GL-7-ACA production of 40~45 mM per hour could be obtained.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1991

The production of poly-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate(PHB) from methanol by batch and fed-batch cultivations of Methylobacterium sp. GL-10 was studied. PHB accumulation was stimulated by the nutrients deficiency including, NH4+, SO42-, and K+. The nitrogen deficiency was the most critical factor for PHB accumulation. In batch cultivation, the maximum cell concentration and PHB content were 1.86g/l and 0.62g/l, respectively, with 1.0%(v/v) of methanol and 0.5g/1 of ammonium sulfate. The mass doubling time of Methylobacterum sp. GL-10 was in the range of 4-5 hrs. The cell growth and PHB accumulation were severely inhibited at the methanol concentration over than 2% (v/v). To overcome methanol Inhibition, constant feeding and intermittent feedillg fed-batch cultivations were adopted, using C/N molar ratio as a control factor. In constant feeding fed-batch process, cell concentration was increased up to 2.67g/1, and PHB yield was enhanced from 0.33 of batch culture to 0.53. The relatively low cell concentration was caused by methanol accumulated in culture broth at late growth phase. To prevent methanol accumulation and to maximize PHB production, DO-state intermittent fed-batch cultivation was attempted. The cell and PHB concentration was reached up to 4.55g/1 and 1.80g/1, respectively. It was possible to maintain methanol concentration low and also to feed nutrient of desired C/N molar ratio.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.96-101
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• 1999

Various side-chains are introduced to the 7-amino position of 7-aminocepha-losporanic acid (7-ACA) to make semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotics. In order to convert cephalosporin C (CPC) to 7-ACA, two enzymatic reactions are generally imployed. Glutary1-7-aminocephalosporanic acid (Gl-7-ACA) acylase is involved in the second step where the reaction intermediate, Gl-7-ACa is converted into 7-ACA. It was recently reported that CPC amidase can convert CPC directly into 7-ACA in a single enzymatic reaction. A study was undertaken to screen microorganisms conferring enzyme activity to convert Gl-7-ACA or CPC into 7-ACA by one or two enzymatic reactions. In order to screen the microorganisms rapidly, a non-$\beta$-lactam model compund, glutaryl-$\rho$-nitroanilide, was utilized in an early stage, thereafter the selected microorganisms were examined with real substrates. One microorganism exhibiting both Gl-7-ACA acylase and CPC amidase activities was obtained by the colorimetry method and HPLC assay, and was identified as a strain of Serratia species, designated as Serratia sp. N14.4. The optimal fermentation conditions for Serratia sp. N14.4 was pH9.0 and 3$0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2014

In this study, computational multi-body dynamic analyses for the drivetrain system of a 5 MW class offshore wind turbine have been conducted using efficient equivalent modeling technique based on the design guideline of GL 2010. The present drivetrain system is originally modeled and its related system data is adopted from the NREL 5 MW wind turbine model. Efficient computational method for the drivetrain system dynamics is proposed based on an international guideline for the certification of wind turbine. Structural dynamic behaviors of drivetrain system with blade, hub, shaft, gearbox, supports, brake disk, coupling, and electric generator have been analyzed and the results for natural frequency and equivalent torsional stiffness of the drivetrain system are presented in detail. It is finally shown that the present multi-body dynamic analysis method gives good agreement with the previous results of the 5 MW class wind turbine system.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.76-84
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• 1996

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Ganoderma lueuidum (GL) water extract on fat accumulation in the fatted rats Induced by the oral high fat administration for six weeks. Total cholesterol, neutral fat and epididymal fat pad of GL groups were lower than the control group. On the other hand, high density lipoprotein(HDL) -cholesterol was somewhat higher in GL than In the control group. In addition, the same result as the above case was obtained when examining adipose for liver and epididymal fat components. During the feeding experiment, level of low density lipoprotein(LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) increased while HDL was decreased in the control group as compared with normal group. The decree of LDL and VLDL was decreased, but HDL was increased in GL group as compared with the control group. Experiment group showed the Increased excretion as compared with the control group, in the excretion. Based on the above results, It was shown that it is possible to improve fat accumulation induced by high fat dietary through using the oral administration of Ganoderma lueidum boiling extract solutions.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2002

Glycosides of herbal medicines, such as glycyrrhizin, ginsenosides, kalopanaxsaponins, rutin and ponicirin, were studied regarding their metabolic fates and pharmacological actions in relation to intestinal bacteria using germ-free, gnotobiotic and conventional animals. When glycyrrhizin (GL) was orally administered, $18{\beta}-glycyrrhetinic\;acid\;(GA)$, not GL, was detected in plasma and intestinal contents of gnotobiotic and conventional rats. However, GA could not be detected in germ-free rats. When GL was incubated with human intestinal bacteria, it was directly metabolized to GA (>95%) or via $18{\beta}-glycyrrhetinic\;acid-3-{\beta}-D-glucuronide$(>5%). Orally administered GL was effective in gnotobiotic and conventional rats for liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, but was not effective in germ-free rats. When ginseng saponins were orally administered to human beings, compound K in the plasma was detected, but the other protopanxadiol saponins were not detected. The compound K was active for tumor metastasis and allergy. When kalopanaxsaponins were incubated with human intestinal microflora, they were metabolized to kalopanaxsaponin A, kalopanaxsaponin I and hederagenin. These metabolites were active for rheumatoid arthritis and diabetic mellitus while the other kalopanxsaponins were not. When flavonoid glycosides were orally administered to animals, aglycones and/or phenolic acids were detected in the urine. The metabolic pathways proceeded by intestinal bacteria rather than by liver or blood enzymes. These metabolites, aglycones and phenolic acids, showed antitumor, antiinflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation activities. These findings suggest that glycosides of herbal medicines are prodrugs.