• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.8-8
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• 2017

본 연구는 로타리 작업에 따른 105마력급 농업용 트랙터의 소요동력을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 소요동력 측정 시스템은 차축 토크미터, PTO 토크미터, 주/보조 유압센서, 데이터 수집장치를 이용하여 구성하였다. 시험에 사용된 트랙터는 동양물산 105 HP급 트랙터 (S07, TYM, Korea)이며, 작업기는 로타베이터 (SW 230GL, Sungwoo Industrial Co. Ltd, Korea)를 사용하였다. 포장시험은 전라북도 부안군에 죽림길에 위치한 $4,000m^2$ ($100m{\times}40m$) 크기의 경작지 2곳에서 수행하였다. 포장시험 시 작업 단수는 주행단수 L3단 (2.38 km/h)에서 PTO 단수 1단 (540 rpm)과 2단 (750 rpm)으로 설정하였고, 로타리 작업 시 경심은 13 cm 조건에서 실시하였다. 트랙터 작업은 동양물산의 성능시험 업무를 맡고 있는 숙련된 작업자가 숙달된 방법으로 수행하였다. 포장시험지의 토양환경은 임의의 15곳에서 채취한 시료를 이용하여 토성, 함수율, 원추 관입지수에 대하여 미국 농무부 (USDA)법을 기준으로 분석하였다. 토양환경 분석 결과 토성은 Sandy loam (사양토), 평균 함수율은 35.15%, 평균 원추관입지수는 1,562 kPa로 나타났다. PTO 1단 작업 시 트랙터의 평균 소요동력은 차축, PTO, 주 유압, 보조 유압에 대하여 각각 1.8, 54.0, 1.3, 그리고 1.1 hp로 나타났다. PTO 2단 작업 시 트랙터의 평균 소요동력은 차축, PTO, 주 유압, 보조 유압에 대하여 각각 1.2, 79.4, 1.2, 그리고 1.0 hp로 나타났다. PTO 1단 작업 시 소요동력의 합은 58.2 hp로, 정격 마력 (105 hp) 대비 55.43 % 사용한 것으로 나타났으며, PTO 2단 작업 시 소요동력의 합은 82.8 hp로, 정격 마력 대비 78.85% 사용한 것으로 나타났다. PTO 1단 대비 2단에서는 PTO를 제외한 차축, 주 유압, 보조 유압의 소요동력이 감소하였으나, PTO에서 약 1.47배로 크게 증가하여 전체적으로 소요동력이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 향후 다양한 작업기 및 작업 단수에 따른 소요동력을 분석하여 농업용 트랙터의 모든 부하 조건에 대한 데이터베이스 구축에 관한 연구를 수행할 예정이다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2001

Purpose : To investigate the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle in mouse brain irradiation. Materials and Methods : 8-week old male mice, C57B1/6J were given whole body $\gamma-radiation$ with a single dose of 25 Gy using Cobalt 60 irradiator. At different times 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24hr after irradiation, mice were killed and brain tissues were collected. Apoptotic cells were scored by TUNEL assay. Expression of p53, Bcl-2, and Bax and cell cycle regulating molecules; cyclins Bl, Dl, E and cdk2, cdk4, $p34^{cdc2}$ were analysed by Western blotting. Cell cycle was analysed by Flow cytometry. Results : The peak of radiation induced apoptosis is shown at 8 hour after radiation. With a single 25 Gy irradiation, the peak of apoptotic index in C57B1/6J is $24.0{\pm}0.25$ (p<0.05) at 8 hour after radiation. Radiation upregulated the expression of p53/tubulin, Bax/tubulin, and Bcl-2/tubulin with 1.3, 1.1 and 1.45 fold increase, respectively were shown at the peak level at 8 hour after radiation. The levels of cell cycle regulating molecules after radiation are not changed significantly except cyclin D1 with 1.3 fold increase. Fractions of Go-Gl, G2-M and S phase in the cell cycle does not specific changes by time. Conclusion : In mouse brain tissue, radiation induced apoptosis is particularly shown in a specific area, subependyma. These results and lack of radiation induced changes in cell cycle ofter better understanding of radiation response of noraml brain tissue.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.63-79
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• 2007

Objectives : Korean traditional acupuncture Theory, Sa-am's 5 phases acupuncture method was originated in 1644-1742, in the middle of the Cho Sun dynasty. This study was to verify the effect of Sa-am Acupuncture Treatment on dysmenorrhea of Women. Methods : The subjects were 49 volunteers who were suffering for dysmenorrhea, employed using Measure of Menstrual Pain (MMP) questionnaire. Subjects were divided into two groups including Sa-am acupuncture treatment group(n=23) and minimal acupuncture treatment group(n=26). They had agreed to take part in tIris experiment, with didn't take any anodyne drugs. In the acupuncture group, subjects were stimulated at $GB_{41}$, $SI_3$, $GL_{66}$, $SI_2$(Small intestine jung-guk) and $SP_6$. In the control group, subjects were needled at $L_{10}$, $S_{40}$, $P_5$, $G_{40}$ points have any effect on dysmenorrhea. A total of 5 acupuncture sessions were performed for each patient depending on the individual menstruation cycle. The MMP score by using 7 questions and the Menstrual Symptom Severity List(MSSL-D) were measured before and after menstruation cycle. Collected data were analyzed as frequency, percentage, paired t-test, independent t-test using SPSS 10.0 WIN Program. Results : Acupuncture treatment produced a significant improvement on dysmenorrhea in two groups, but a statistically significant difference was not shown in the acupuncture group compare to control group. Conclusions : Based on the above results, it was verified that Acupuncture Treatment was effective in decreasing the symptom of Dysmenorrhea.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2014

The present study prepared lightweight foam-soil concrete mixtures classified into three groups. Considering the sustainablility, workability, and compressive strength development of such concrete, high-volume supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) were used as follows: 20% cement, 15% fly ash, and 65% ground granulated blast-furnace slag. As main test parameters selected for achieving the compressive strength of 1MPa and dry density of $1,000kg/m^3$, the unit solid content (dredged soil and binder) ranged between 900 and $1,807kg/m^3$, and soil-to-binder ratio varied between 3.0 and 7.0. Test results revealed that the flow of the lightweight foam-soil concrete tended to decrease with the increase of unit soil content. The compressive strength of such concrete increased with the increase with the unit binder content, whereas it decreased as soil-to-binder ratio increased, indicating that the compressive strength can be formulated as a function of its dry density and soil-to-binder ratio.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 2004

Cytochrome P4501B1(CYP1B1) is known to be inducible by xenobiotic compounds such as policyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) and dioxins such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD). And these induction of CYP1B1 is also regulated by many categories of chemicals. In order to investigate the effects of several chemicals on CYP1B1 gene expression in Hepa-I and MCF-7 cells, 5' flanking DNA of human CYP1B1 was cloned into pGL3 basic vector containing luciferase gene, and then transfected into these cells. After treatment of chemicals, the luciferase activity was measured. CYP1B1 enzyme metabolize PAHs and estradiol. CYP1B1 metabolize estradiol to 4-hydrozyestradiol that is considered as carcinogenic metabolite. Luciferase activity was induced about 20 folds over that control by 1 nM TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachloto-p-dioxin). Recent industrialized society, human has been widely been exposed to widespread environmental contaminants such as PAHs(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) that are originated from the imcomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. PAHs are known to be ligands of the AhR(aryl hydrocarbon receptor). Induction of cytochrome P4501B1(CYP1B1) in cell culture is widely used as a biomarker for PAHs. Therefore we have studied the effect of PAHs in the human breast cancer cells MCF-7 to evaluate bioactivity of PAHs. We have used the United State of America EPA selected 13 different PAHs, PAHs mixtures and extracts from environmental samples to evaluate the bioassay system. We examined effects of PAHs on the CYP1B1-luciferase reporter gene and CYP1B1 mRNA level. Benzo(k)fluoranthene and dibenzo(a, h)anthracene showed strong response to CYP1B1 promoter activity stimulation, and also CYP1B1 mRNAs increase in MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Acenaphthene, anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, fluorene, fluoranthene, anphthanlene, pyrene, phenanthrene and carbazole were weak responders in MCF-7 cells. RT-PCR analysis indicated that PAHs significantly up-regulate the level of CYP1B1 mRNA.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.222-226
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• 2013

A simple and sensitive analytical method was developed using gas chromatograph with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for determination and identification of chloropicrin. Because of small molecular weight and high volatile properties of chloropicrin, analytical method was developed utilizing headspace extraction and direct injection to the GC. The developed method was validated using hulled rice sample spiked with chloropicrin at different concentration levels, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg. Average recoveries of chloropicrin (using each concentration three replicates) ranged 77.7~79.3% with relative standard deviations less than 10% and calibration solutions concentration in the range $0.005{\sim}0.5{\mu}g/mL$, and limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.004 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The result showed that developed analytical methods was successfully applied to detect a small amount of chloropicrin in hulled rice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2007

This study investigated the major components of citrus juice processing wastes (CJPW) as well as mushroom mycelia that were cultivated with the CJPW, such as Pycnoporus coccineus (PC), Lentinus edodes (LE), Pleurotus eryngii (PE), Hericium coralloides (HC), Panellus serotinus (PS) and Ganoderma lucidum (GL). The organic acid contents of the mushroom mycelia were similar to or less than those of the CJPW, but the free sugar contents of the mycelia were lower than those of the CJPW. The narirutin contents of the mushroom mycelia ranged from 448.67-932.98 mg% and were similar to or less than those of the CJPW. However, the hesperidin contents of the mycelia ranged from 3019.94-4980.94 mg% (except for the PC mycelium) and were 17.81-52.61% greater than the CJPW. The dietary fiber contents of the mycelia were similar to or more than those the CJPW. With the exception of PE, the electron donating abilities (EDA) and nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) showed a tendency to decrease.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-69
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• 2011

Classification of estuaries based on their multi-component and multidisciplinary processes is important for the systematic management of estuaries. In this study, an integrated GlS-based analysis system including high resolution aerial photographies and topographic maps was used to classify 463 estuaries based on estuarine circulation pattern, geomorphological feature, natural habitat distribution and characteristics of land use. These estuaries were divided into two basic types, open and closed. Two hundred and thirty five systems were open estuaries comprising of forty one mountainous type (OM), eighty sevcn sandpit type (OS) and one hundred seven funnel type (OF). Each type of open estuary was further classified into three types based on habitat distribution and land use characteristics resulting in total ninc types of open estuaries. Two hundred and twenty eight estuaries were closed systems comprising of one hundred and forty four blocked type (CB directly) and eighty four lake type (CL, indirectly). CB type estuary was further classified into three types based on habitat distribution and land use characteristics. This estuarine classification scheme can be applied to provide a framework for effective management strategies of individual estuaries to estimate the management priority and strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2011

The ionospheric delay is the largest error source in GPS positioning after the SA effect has been turned off in May, 2000. In this study, we used 44 permanent GPS stations being operated by National Geographic Information Institute (NGII) to estimate Total Electron Content (TEC) based on pseudorange measurements phase-leveled by a linear combination with carrier phases. The Differential Code Bias (DCB) of GPS satellites and receivers was estimated and applied for an accurate estimation of the TEC. To validate our estimates of DCB, changes of TEC values after DCB application were investigated. As a result, the RMS error went down by about an order of magnitude; from 35~45 to 3~4 TECU. After the DCB correction, ionospheric TEC maps were produced at a spatial resolution of $1^{\circ}{\times}1^{\circ}$. To analyze the effect of the number of sites used for map generation on the accuracy of TEC values, we tried 10, 20, 30, and 44 stations and the RMS error was computed with the Global Ionosphere Map as the truth. While the RMS error was 5.3 TECU when 10 sites are used, the error reduced to 3.9 TECU for the case of 44 stations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.752-757
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• 2003

This study was carried out in order to develop the method for isolation of red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) haying immunomodulating antitumor activity from red ginseng by-product. The red ginseng by-product was obtained from red ginseng residues produced in processing of red ginseng ethanol extract. The yield of RGAP isolated by ultrafiltration was 20.9%. The active substance (GFP) was purified by DEAE-sepharose column chromatography RGAP induced nitric oxide (NO) exhibited tumoricidal activities against P8l5 (mastocytoma) tumor cells. Acid-hydrolyzed RGAP fragments were shown four to five spots. These sopts showed the same R$_{f}$ values with sugars designated as rhamnose, glucose, glactose and glucuronic acid. Some physico-chemical properties of RGAP were investigated. pH and dry reduction content at 105$^{\circ}C$ were 4.74 and 4.72%, respectively. Crude protein, ash and Pb contents were 3.30%, 4.74% and 2.30 ppm. These results suggest that we will be able to produce RGAP from red ginseng by-product by ultrafiltration in a large scale.e.