• Title/Summary/Keyword: GIT1

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Factors Associated with Indeterminate and False Negative Results of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test in Active Tuberculosis

  • Cho, Ki-Won;Cho, Eun-Ha;Kwon, Soo-Hoon;Im, Sang-Hyuk;Sohn, In;Song, Sook-Hee;Kim, Hye-Ok;Kim, Su-Hyun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.72 no.5
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    • pp.416-425
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    • 2012
  • Background: The sensitivities and specificities of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) vary among different population studies, and the data on the routine use of IGRAs are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a prospective study, enrolling 77 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), at a secondary care teaching hospital in Seoul. Results: In total, 12 (15.6%) patients showed indeterminate results due to positive control failure on the QFT-GIT test. Indeterminate results were significantly associated with the elderly, history of the intensive care unit stay, lymphocytopenia, especially low CD4 count, increased C-reactive protein and decreased protein levels. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57.1%) were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis, and the percentage of false negative results of the QFT-GIT was 36.4% (vs. 31.8% with TST). In the TB group with >65 years old (n=12), the proportions of the indeterminate (33.3% vs. 3.1%) and the false negative results (58.3% vs. 25.0%) of the QFT-GIT were significantly higher than in the younger TB group (n=32). Conclusion: Indeterminate and false negative results of QFT-GIT test were not infrequent in tuberculosis, especially in the elderly. Care should be considered for the interpretation with the elderly, immunocompromised, chronic and severely diseased patients.

Changes in the Serotonin-, Somatostatin- and Motilin-Immunoreactive Cells in the Gastrointestinal Tract of the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, at Various Developmental Stages

  • Hyeung-Sik Lee;Sae-Kwang Ku;Jae-Hyun Lee
    • Animal cells and systems
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 1999
  • In order to investigate the regional distribution and relative frequency of the serotonin-, somatostatin- and motilin-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract GIT) of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) with developmental stages, group of bullfrogs subdivided into the tadpole with hindlegs, metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, 2 wk after metamorphosed bullfrog and adult bullfrog, were stained by immunohistochemical methods (PAP methods). Multifarious changes of the regional distribution and relative frequency of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells were observed as developmental stages but motilin-immunoreactive cell ere not detected in this study. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were detected from 2 wk after metamorphosed bullfrog in the whole GIT. The positive cells were predominant in the pylorus regions. In the adult bullfrog, these cells increased in fundus. On the other hand, somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were observed from the tadpole with hindlegs in the stomach regions. In the metamorphosed bullfrog with tail, they were found in the whole GIT except for the ileum, and increased with developmental stages except for rectum. In the rectum, these cells were not detected after that period. Our results show that most of the immunoreactive cells appear from completed metamorphosed periods when the histological structure of GIT is completely differentiated.

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An immunohistochemical study of the gut hormones in Hynobius leechii (도롱뇽의 위장관 내분비세포에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구)

  • Lee, Hyeung-sik;Lee, Jae-hyun
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.39-44
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    • 1995
  • Using immunohistochemical technique, three endocrine cell types were observed in the GIT of the Korean salamander, Hynobius leechii. BPP-immunoreactive cells were distributed from the pyloric region to the small intestine. A moderated number of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the pyloric region. 5-HT-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated throughout the GIT, reaching a peak in the pyloric region. The presence of BPP- and 5-HT-immunoreactive cells are identified for the first time in Hynobius leechii.

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Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Health Care Workers in South Korea: A Multicenter Study

  • Jo, Kyung-Wook;Hong, Yoonki;Park, Jae Seuk;Bae, In-Gyu;Eom, Joong Sik;Lee, Sang-Rok;Cho, Oh-Hyun;Choo, Eun Ju;Heo, Jung Yeon;Woo, Jun Hee;Shim, Tae Sun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.75 no.1
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    • pp.18-24
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    • 2013
  • Background: We investigated the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among the health care workers (HCWs) and analyzed its risk factors in South Korea. Methods: A standard questionnaire regarding the baseline demographics and risk factors for LTBI was given to each participant and tuberculin skin test (TST), QuantiFERON-TB GOLD In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay, and chest radiography were performed. Results: A total of 493 participants, 152 (30.8%) doctors and 341 (69.2%) nurses were enrolled in eight tertiary referral hospitals. The mean age of the subjects was 30.6 years old, and 383 (77.7%) were female. Of the 152 doctors, 63 (41.4%) and 36 (23.7%) were positive by TST and by QTF-GIT, respectively, and among the 341 nurses, 119 (34.9%) and 49 (14.4%) had positive TST and QFT-GIT results, respectively. Overall, the agreement between the two tests was 0.22 by the chance corrected proportional agreement rate (kappa coefficient) in 493 subjects. Experience of working in tuberculosis (TB)-related departments was significantly associated with positive LTBI test results by QFT-GIT assay, not by TST. In multivariate analysis, only age was independently associated with increased risk of a positive TST result, while age and experience of working in TB-related departments (odds ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-5.12) were independently associated with increased risk of a positive QFT-GIT result. Conclusion: A high prevalence of LTBI was found among South Korean HCWs. Considering the association between the experience of working in TB-related departments and high risk of LTBI, QFT-GIT may be a better diagnostic test for LTBI than TST in HCWs.

A Study on the Changes of Shape for Children's Saenghwal Hanbok Jeogori (어린이 생활한복 저고리 형태의 변화양상에 관한 연구)

  • 정혜경;이미정
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.75-87
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    • 2003
  • The objectives of this study are to consider the shape for children's Saenghwal Hanbok and to analyze the trend up to date. Conclusions are described as follows: 1. Children's Saenghwal Hanbok was found in magazine about Hanbok from 1994. The design was various, for it was influenced by adult's Saenghwal Hanbok. From 1997, design of children's Saenghwal Hanbok was come to stay in a revival mood. 2. The Jeogori shape for children's Saenghwal Hanbok was as follows: Git was used several traditional git and western color from the initial to the recent period: Dong-Jeong was not attached in the initial period, but mostly attached with its ends sauare from 1997; Seop was not attached or transformed in the initial period, but attached in a traditional way (trapezoid-shaped) or a new way(rectangle-shaped) from 1998. The front was fastened on the right chest; the sleeves wert long or above-elbow or three quarter sleeve; Baerae was a curved shape in the initial period, but changed into a near-straight line with a slight curve; Jin-Dong line was straight for boys, but curve or not to be tot girls; Pocket was attached for boys, not attached for girls.

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Health of Apartment Guards and Associated Factors (아파트 경비원의 건강상태와 관련요인)

  • Kim, Sang-Kyu;SaKong, Joon;Chung, Jong-Hak;Kim, Chi-Ho;Bae, Sang-Keun;Jang, Yun-Jin
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.357-363
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    • 1999
  • Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to study the health status of apartment guards and associated factors. Materials and Methods: This investigation was conducted for 1 month starting from August, 1997. Study population in this cross-sectional survey consisted of 182 guards of apartments located throughout the district of Taegu. Each subject completed a questionnaire about his general characteristics, health behaviors, job descriptions, subjective GIT symptoms and somatization and depression using Symptom Checklist-90-Reversion (SCL-90-R) by self administrated questionnaire and personal interview. Results: Study subjects had one or more GIT symptoms(53.3%), somatization symptoms(83.5%) and depression symptoms(79.7%). The mean scores of GIT, somatization and depression symptoms were not different among the age groups and based on marital status, respectively, but, significantly different by education level(p<0.05). The mean scores of GIT, somatization and depression symptoms were not different among the age group and based on marital status, respectively, but, significantly different by regular diet and by the subject's health status(p<0.05). The mean scores of GIT, somatization and depression symptoms were not different by duration of shift work, by job tenure and by the number of managed houses but, those of somatization and depression symptoms were significantly different by level of job satisfaction(p<0.05). Conclusion: The health statuses of guards at apartments were different from other shift workers because of healthy worker effects and characteristics of their jobs.

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Shrouding Practices and Clothing Style in Daejeon around the Chosun-Japan War from 1592 to 1597 found in Excavated Clothes of the Region (출토복식을 통해 본 임란전후 대전지역의 염습제도와 의생활 양식)

  • Kwon, Young-Suk;Lee, Joo-Young
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.275-285
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    • 2006
  • With these excavated clothes discussed above, the clothing style before and after the Chosun-Japan War from 1592 to 1597 can be summarized as follows. 1) Shroud was a clothes newly made for funeral or usually worn by the deceased. Shroud was mostly a unlined clothes whose adjustment was made in such way its left part was on top of its right one. Yeomeui, a clothes used to wrap up the body of the deceased or fill between the body and the coffin, was usually lined or quilted. Suryeeui was a suit sent by close relatives of the deceased or granted by the court. Mostly padded with cotton or quilted, suryeeui was used only for yeomeui. 2) The term of ching was used to count units of po and suits of trousers and jeogori during dressing the deceased for burial. If trousers and jeogori were not joined into a suit, they were not counted as ching. 3) Aekjueumpo, bangryeongsangeui, three-forked trousers and haengjeon for women were all clothes worn around the war. All these clothes were not worn after the war. 4) Several types of po which were discovered in Daejeon included danryeong, simeui, nansam, jikryeong, cheolik, aekjuempo, changeui and jungchimak for men and jangeui for women. Often, jikryeong, cheolrik, aekjueumpo and bangryeongsangeui were used before the war and changeui and jungchimak since then. 5) The git of jeogori had the style of mokpan git before the war, which was changed into that of dangko git through making the rectangular ege of mokpan git rounded in the 17th century. And jeogori became entirely small sized and the baerae line of sleeve became oblique. 6) In funeral rites of Daejon, simeui and nansam both of which were symbols of Confucian scholars, instead of official uniforms, were used as funeral garments. This suggests that funeral rites of Daejeon considerably reflected academic traditions of the Giho school meaning groups of scholars representing the region.

An histological and immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the Amur lizard (Takydromus amurensis) (아무르장지뱀의 위장관 내분비세포에 관한 조직화학적 및 면역조직화학적 연구)

  • Lee, Hyeung-sik;Lee, Mal-soon;Lee, Jae-hyun
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 1995
  • The distribution and the frequency of endocrine cells in the GIT of the Amur lizard(Takydromus amurensis) were investigated using silver techniques and immunohistochemical method. Only argyrophil cells stained by the Grimelius technique were found numerous in the pyloric glands and moderate in the duodenum. Two types of immunoreactive endocrine cells were identified by immunohistochemical method. Bovine CG-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated the entire GIT. BPP-immunoreactive cells were restricted in the duodenum and the ileum. The results showed that: the number of argyrophil cells was lower than the number of cells stained with bovine CG antiserum. Therefore, bovine CG-immunostaining and the Grimelius silver technique did not correspond with various endocrine cells in the Amur lizard.

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Git Rank System - Based on Blockchain (블록체인 기반 깃 랭크 시스템)

  • Kwan-Yong Kim;Young-Su Shim;Ho-Jin Jeong;Ho-Jin Jeong;Joo-Hyung Park
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2023.11a
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    • pp.805-806
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    • 2023
  • 본 논문에서는 무료 Git 저장소로 전 세계 1억 명 이상의 IT개발자가 사용하는 Github[1]의 commit 수와 issue 해결 등의 사용 시 토큰을 차등 부여해 사용자 종합 순위를 선정하고 정량적인 성취 수준을 파악할 수 있는 시스템을 마련해 개발자들의 건전한 경쟁심과 개발 욕구를 향상시키는 애플리케이션을 개발하였다.

ON FUZZY k−IDEALS, k−FUZZY IDEALS AND FUZZY 2−PRIME IDEALS IN Γ−SEMIRINGS

  • Murali Krishna Rao, M.;Venkateswarlu, B.
    • Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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    • v.34 no.5_6
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    • pp.405-419
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    • 2016
  • The notion of Γ-semiring was introduced by M. Murali Krishna Rao [8] as a generalization of Γ-ring as well as of semiring. In this paper fuzzy k-ideals, k-fuzzy ideals and fuzzy-2-prime ideals in Γ-semirings have been introduced and study the properties related to them. Let μ be a fuzzy k-ideal of Γ-semiring M with |Im(μ)| = 2 and μ(0) = 1. Then we establish that Mμ is a 2-prime ideal of Γ-semiring M if and only if μ is a fuzzy prime ideal of Γ-semiring M.